BERMAIN SAINS SEBAGAI METODE YANG EFEKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI

<p>Early childhood is a period of fundamental human development or known as the golden period because at this time the physical, intellectual, motoric, emotional, social and language development of children is taking place rapidly. Science must be introduced as a provision of knowledge for early childhood who continues to grow and develop. The introduction of science in early childhood is an effort to foster critical character, curiosity, thoroughness, exploration to find answers and think regularly through fun activities. Science is introduced from an early age as well as preparation for learning at a higher level. This research is a literature study which aims to examine the activities of playing science as an effective method of learning science for early childhood. The types of activities in playing science are: 1) playing with physical science, 2) playing with the living things science and 3) playing on earth and environmental science. Based on the results of a literature review, it was found that the playing science method was effective in early age science learning, including; improve science skills and science learning outcomes, introduce and improve basic science process skills and improve children's science concepts.</p>

Concept Of Present Practice In Choosing Of Optimal Number Of Tugs

The common practice in world-wide ports is that they have determined procedures regarding number of required tugs depending usually on most important factors such as weather criteria and size of vessel. This article presents various rules for some ports which is defined in their Safety Management System and criteria in choosing optimum number of tugs and optimum bollard pull. It is also described how various towage requirements can be assessed through the use of maritime simulators and which parameters are important and how the same can be obtained and assessed. General guidelines will also be defined in the article which must be taken into consideration for optimal choosing of tug boats. The science method used in this article is known as comparative analyses between computation and simulation on simulator; results are presented in figure 10.

Leveraging data science to enhance suicide prevention research: a literature review

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research is to identify how data science is applied in suicide prevention literature, describe the current landscape of this literature and highlight areas where data science may be useful for future injury prevention research.DesignWe conducted a literature review of injury prevention and data science in April 2020 and January 2021 in three databases.MethodsFor the included 99 articles, we extracted the following: (1) author(s) and year; (2) title; (3) study approach (4) reason for applying data science method; (5) data science method type; (6) study description; (7) data source and (8) focus on a disproportionately affected population.ResultsResults showed the literature on data science and suicide more than doubled from 2019 to 2020, with articles with individual-level approaches more prevalent than population-level approaches. Most population-level articles applied data science methods to describe (n=10) outcomes, while most individual-level articles identified risk factors (n=27). Machine learning was the most common data science method applied in the studies (n=48). A wide array of data sources was used for suicide research, with most articles (n=45) using social media and web-based behaviour data. Eleven studies demonstrated the value of applying data science to suicide prevention literature for disproportionately affected groups.ConclusionData science techniques proved to be effective tools in describing suicidal thoughts or behaviour, identifying individual risk factors and predicting outcomes. Future research should focus on identifying how data science can be applied in other injury-related topics.

Elevating Legal Informatics in the Digital Age

The widespread use of digital technologies within society incorporating elements of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing at a phenomenal rate. This technology promises a multitude of advantages for the development of society. However, it also entails risks. A characteristic of AI technology is that, in addition to using knowledge from computer science, it is increasingly being combined with insights from within the cognitive sciences. This deeper insight into human behavior combined with technology increases the ability of those who control the technology to not only predict but also manipulate human behavior. A function of the law is to protect individuals and society from risks and vulnerabilities, including those associated with technology. The more complex the technologies applied in society, the more difficult it may be to identify the potential harms associated with the technologies. Consequently, it is worthwhile discussing the extent to which the law protects society from the risks associated with technology. In applying the law, the dominant method is the “traditional legal science method.” It incorporates a dogmatic approach and can be described as the default legal problem-solving mechanism utilized by legal students and practitioners. A question that arises is whether it is equipped to meet the new demands placed on law in an increasingly technocratic society. Attempting to frame the modern risks to society using a traditional legal science method alone is bound to provide an unsatisfactory result in that it fails to provide a complete picture of the problem. Simply put, modern societal problems that arise from the use of new digital technologies are multidimensional in nature and require a multidisciplinary solution. In other words, applying a restrictive legal approach may result in solutions that are logical from a purely legal perspective but that are out of step with reality, potentially resulting in unjust solutions. This chapter examines the increased digitalization of society from the legal perspective and also elevates the application of the legal informatics approach as a means of better aligning research within in legal science with other disciplines.