scholarly journals Hand-ling ‘road rage’

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Lloyd ◽  
Jakub Mlynář
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Road Rage ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Charged Interaction

Although mobility and movement has recently gained importance within interactionist studies of social action, not much is known about the consequentiality of being on the move for the particular unfolding of interactional episodes. Utilising two publicly accessible video clips of ‘road rage’ situations, we describe and analyse the centrality of hand-work in the escalation and decline of an emotionally charged interaction between members of traffic. Avoiding an a priori cognitivist stance, we show in detail how the work of hands can be constitutive of anger itself, and that it can lead to open conflict on the boundary of physical violence.

Transcription for Conversation Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina B. Bolden ◽  
Alexa Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 1960S

The transcription system for Conversation Analysis (CA) was originally developed by Gail Jefferson, one of the founders of CA, in the 1960s. Jefferson’s transcription conventions aim to represent on paper what had been captured in field audio recordings in ways that would preserve and bring to light the interactionally relevant elements of the recorded talk. Conversation analytic research has demonstrated that various features of the delivery of talk and other bodily conduct are basic to how interlocutors carry out social actions in interaction with others. Without the CA transcription system it is impossible to identify these features, as it represents talk and other conduct in ways that capture the rich subtlety of their delivery. Jefferson’s system of conventions evolved side by side with, and was informed by the results of, interaction analysis, which has shown there are many significant aspects of talk that interactants treat as relevant but that are entirely missed in simple orthographic representation. Conversation analysts’ insistence on capturing not only what is said but also details of how something is said, including interactants’ visible behaviors, is based on the assumption that “no order of detail in interaction can be dismissed a priori as disorderly, accidental, or irrelevant” (according to John Heritage in 1984). Conversation analytic transcripts need to be detailed enough to facilitate the analyst’s quest to discover and describe orderly practices of social action in interaction.

scholarly journals Violence against elderly people: characterization of the data reported by the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN)

10.3823/2387 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Santos de Araújo ◽  
Édina Barreira Campos ◽  
Grazielly Mendes de Sousa ◽  
Anna Nunes Pereira Neta Farias ◽  
Leila Rute Oliveira Gurgel Do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Introduction: Violence against the elderly person can be any act, single or repetitive, or omission, that causes harm or discomfort and reduces the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: To identify the demographic characteristics of elderly victims of violence, notified by the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN) in the municipality of Porto Nacional - TO in the year 2014, to characterize the most reported forms of violence, the place of occurrence, the means of aggression and the relationship with the victim. Method: This is an epidemiological, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted through reports issued by SINAN in Porto Nacional. The study population consisted of 130 reports of violence. Data collection took place in April. The data were released with the help of Excel tables and analyzed through BioEstat 5.0. Result: It was possible to identify that the majority of the elderly were males, with a mean age of 78.3 years, of brown color, who had schooling, married/stable union, retired and had no physical or mental disabilities. In relation to the type of violence suffered by the elderly, physical violence had more notifications. The place of occurrence was in the elderly’s own houses and the relation between aggressor and victim was unknown. Conclusion: The results found in this study evidenced the importance of notifying all the cases and it is suggested a protocol of attendance to people in situation of violence for all the professionals that compose the networks of care, among these, primary care, hospitals, social action department and public prosecutor's office, which could facilitate the identification of signs of violence.

scholarly journals TikTok’s Spiral of Antisemitism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-708
Author(s):  
Gabriel Weimann ◽  
Natalie Masri
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Over Time

The growing presence of antisemitism on social media platforms has become more prominent in recent years. Yet, while most of the scholarly attention has been focused on leading platforms like Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram, the extremist immigration to other platforms like TikTok went unnoticed. TikTok is the fastest-growing application today, attracting a huge audience of 1.2 billion active users, mostly children and teenagers. This report is based on two studies, conducted in 2020 and 2021, applying a systematic content analysis of TikTok videos, comments, and even usernames. Data were collected twice, in two four-month periods, February–May 2020 and February–May 2021, to allow for comparisons of changes and trends over time. Our findings highlighted the alarming presence of extreme antisemitic messages in video clips, songs, comments, texts, pictures, and symbols presented in TikTok’s content. TikTok’s algorithm is even more disconcerting since it leads to a spiral of hate: it pushes users who unintentionally view disturbing content to view more. Considering TikTok’s young demographic, these findings are more than alarming; TikTok even fails to apply its own Terms of Service, which do not allow content “deliberately designed to provoke or antagonize people, or are intended to harass, harm, hurt, scare, distress, embarrass or upset people or include threats of physical violence”.

scholarly journals The effect of functionally-guided-connectivity-based rTMS on amygdala activation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beynel ◽  
E. Campbell ◽  
M. Naclerio ◽  
J.T. Galla ◽  
A. Ghosal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Connected Node ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Psychophysiological Interaction ◽  
Electric Field Penetration

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has fundamentally transformed how we treat psychiatric disorders, but is still in need of innovation to optimally correct dysregulation that occurs throughout the fronto-limbic network. rTMS is often applied over the prefrontal cortex, a central node in this network, but less attention is given to subcortical areas because they lie at depths beyond the electric field penetration of rTMS. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effectiveness of rTMS is dependent on the functional connectivity between deep subcortical areas and superficial targets, indicating that leveraging such connectivity may improve dosing approaches for rTMS interventions. The current preliminary study, therefore, sought to test whether task-related, fMRI-connectivity-based rTMS could be used to modulate amygdala activation through its connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). For this purpose, fMRI was collected on participants to identify a node in the mPFC that showed the strongest negative connectivity with right amygdala, as defined by psychophysiological interaction analysis. To promote long-lasting Hebbian-like effects, and potentially stronger modulation, 5Hz rTMS was then applied to this target as participants viewed frightening video-clips that engaged the fronto-limbic network. Post-rTMS fMRI results revealed promising increases in both the left mPFC and right amygdala, for active rTMS compared to sham. While these modulatory findings are promising, they differ from the a priori expectation that excitatory 5Hz rTMS over a negatively connected node would reduce amygdala activity. As such, further research is needed to better understand how connectivity influences TMS effects on distal structures, and to leverage this information to improve therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Racionalumo problema sociologijoje (I)

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-52
Author(s):  
Algimantas Valantiejus
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epistemological Naturalism ◽  
Controversial Concept

Santrauka. Šio straipsnio tikslas – konceptualiai nuskaidrinti racionalumo problemą sociologijoje, papildomai svarstant sociologijos ir filosofijos sąveikos aptariamoje srityje klausimus. Teigiama, kad racionalumo problema sociologijoje neatskiriama nuo racionalumo problemos filosofijoje, todėl specifines abiejų dalykų problemas reikia analizuoti ne atskirai, o kartu. Abiejų dalykų istorijose – trumpesnėje sociologijos ir ilgesnėje filosofijos – randame analogijų ir paralelizmų. Paralelizmai rekomenduoja skverbtis į bendrosios kilmės problemų genealogiją neapsiribojant paskirų dalykų vidinės sandaros analitika. Čia pateikiamoje pirmoje straipsnio dalyje konkrečiai nagrinėjama racionalumo ir normatyvumo tarpusavio santykio problema ir šio probleminio santykio nepaisymo socialinių mokslų metodologijose implikacijos – neopraksiologinės epistemologinio natūralizmo ir reliatyvizmo tendencijos.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: racionalumas, prasmės adekvatumo kriterijai, a priori problema, normatyvumas, natūralizmas, reliatyvizmas.Key words: rationality, the criteria of meaning adequacy, the problem of the a priori, normativity, naturalism, relativism.Abstract The problem of Rationality in SociologyRationality seems to be the meeting point of sociology and philosophy. “Rationality” is a controversial concept. Historically, the problems of rationality, normativity, social action, and meaning-adequacy in sociology have its closest relationships with epistemology. The aim of this essay is to articulate and explicate the parallel “problems of rationality” in sociology and philosophy. This is done in two parts. The first looks at sociologists’ attempts to articulate conceptually the relation between rationality and normativity. The problem of the relationship of rationality and normativity in sociology appears early in a classical and modern sociology but appears consequently in many more hidden ways in connection with epistemological naturalism. The article argues that the radical critique of epistemology and philosophy in contemporary neopraxiological empiricism is misdirected due to a misconception about the relationship between rationality and a priori.

scholarly journals THE CONFLICT OF SOCIAL LIFE AND CULTURAL FORMS: SIMMEL’S THEORY OF “QUALITATIVE SOCIETAL DIFFERENTIATION”

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gregor Fitzi
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Early Theory ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Phases Of Development

Simmel’s work has often been interpreted as a succession of disparate phases of development following contradictory epistemological paradigms and intellectual stances, and a similar misunderstanding applies to his theory of societal differentiation. A completely different view emerges of Simmel’s contribution to sociological theory if his process of theory-building is placed at the forefront of analysis along with its specific continuities. The present paper provides a synthetic study of Simmel’s theory of societal differentiation by systematically reconstructing the different stages of its development. It starts with Simmel’s early theory of the parallel differentiation of the social group and the personality of the social actors, thus highlighting that social differentiation can be understood only as a process that takes place both on the level of social action and social structure. The focus then shifts to Simmel’s theory of culture and its relationship to the core of his sociological theory in the so-called a priori of sociation. Finally, the paper shows how Simmel’s late sociological anthropology links the different contributions on social differentiation, cultural sociology and the epistemological premises of sociation in a theory of life forms producing the structuration of “qualitative differentiated societies”.

From Autochthony to Violence? Discursive and Coercive Social Practices of the Mai-Mai in Fizi, Eastern DR Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Verweijen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Violent Action

Abstract:This article explores the links between autochthony discourses and physical violence through a case study of a Mai-Mai group in the eastern DR Congo. While this group garners support by employing such discourses and related tropes of autodéfense (self-defense), there are clear limits to the capacity of these narratives to mobilize for and legitimize violent action. Furthermore, much of the violence committed by the Mai-Mai is not informed directly by notions of autochthony, but is rather geared toward the consolidation of power. This observation should act as a caution against the a priori coding of violence according to the ways it is discursively framed by its protagonists.

scholarly journals Translation as Social Action: Brecht’s ‘Political Texts’ in Greek

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-140
Author(s):  
Dimitris Asimakoulas
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Social Art ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
Politically Active

Abstract This paper places an influential anthology of Brecht’s texts in the context of the Greek junta (1967-1974). Drawing on the sociological work of Pierre Bourdieu, it shows how the text constitutes an euphemisation of the power of a politically active publisher who opposed the regime with what came to be seen as ‘social art’ by various agents of the publishing field at the time. It also demonstrates how the tactical presentation of the material in the anthology helps map the oppression of the Nazi rule onto the junta while identifying a ‘plural-self’ that opposes symbolic and physical violence.

Application of cross correlation to HREM images of surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 754-755
Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Fourier Filtering ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Data Reduction Technique

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.

Towards 1-Ångstrom-resolution STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 996-997
Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Annular Dark Field ◽  
First Results

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.

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