scholarly journals Det proto-jurisdiktionelle sprog

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Marie Leth Meilvang ◽  
Anders Blok
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Professional Roles ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Adaptation Field ◽  
Academic Discourses ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Compe Tence

In this article, we inquire into the role played by language and core, politicized concepts in inter-professional coordination around expert work in transition. Empirically, we analyze how engineers and landscape architects cooperate around and compete for work related to rainwater management and climate adaptation in cities. We draw on qualitative empirical material, including around 30 in-terviews with involved professionals, focusing on the significance ascribed to the concept of "LAR", local drainage of rainwater, in the wider climate adaptation field since the 1990s. Using Andrew Abbott's (1988, 2005) theory of professions, we show how the story of LAR embodies a wider dynamic of 'proto-jurisdictional' emergence, with new professional roles and languages. Ab-bott places control over work tasks center stage in analyzing professional relations; and this includes 'ecological' considerations for how professions relate to political and academic institutions. On this basis, we show how professional actors use the specific LAR concept as a way of claiming compe-tence and forge alliances with others in the climate adaptation field. In reference to Abbott's notion of the 'knowledge systems' of professions, the implication we draw is that we need to understand professional languages in relation to broader jurisdictional struggles and translations between politi-cal and academic discourses.

scholarly journals A within-person approach to the relation between quality of task motivation, performance and job satisfaction in everyday working life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Hogenelst ◽  
Roos Schelvis ◽  
Tanja Krone ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Matti Toivo Juhani Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Autonomous And Controlled Motivation

Previous research on work-related motivation and work-related outcomes generally shows that autonomous forms of motivation are associated with higher performance and job satisfaction, whereas controlled forms of motivation are generally linked to worse outcomes. These relationships are largely based on between-persons data from cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies with few measurement points. However, motivation quality, performance, and job satisfaction can vary considerably from day to day, both between and within individuals. The present study therefore combines between-persons and within-persons approaches to study the relationships between motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. Nineteen white-collar workers participated in the study. With a default protocol of 30 working days, an ecological momentary assessment app prompted participants five times a day to report their autonomous and controlled motivation for work tasks and their productivity and job satisfaction at the end of each day. Fourteen participants gathered sufficient data to compute within-person relations and individual networks. At the between person level, autonomous motivation was positively associated with productivity, whereas no association with job satisfaction was detected. No associations were detected between controlled motivation and productivity or job satisfaction. At group level within persons, (a) motivation during work tasks (autonomous or controlled) was not associated with self-reported productivity or job satisfaction at the end of that day, (b) self-reported productivity at the end of a day was negatively related to next day autonomous and controlled motivation, and (c) end of day job satisfaction was positively related to next day controlled motivation, but not autonomous motivation. Individual network analyses indicated considerable interindividual heterogeneity, especially in the relationships between motivation and job satisfaction. In conclusion, these findings point to significant variability in the observed relations between motivation, performance and job satisfaction, and highlight the added value of a within person approach and individual networks in addition to between-persons approaches. The implications of these findings for occupational wellbeing research are discussed.

scholarly journals Falling in Love With Work: The Effect of Enterprise Social Media on Thriving at Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
DongXu Liu ◽  
Beigang Hou ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Pingqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Positive Effect

Using a survey of 300 employees in different types of enterprises and different positions, this study verified that the use of enterprise social media has a positive effect on employees’ work exuberance. The study separately examined the effects of social media applications for work tasks and social tasks. Both types of applications had a positive impact on employees’ work exuberance. The study also identified the mediating role of challenge and obstructive stressors in this relationship. Work-related social media applications enhanced employees’ exuberance by reducing obstructive stressors, and social-related social media applications enhanced employees’ exuberance by reducing challenge stressors. The implications of these findings are that managers should pay attention to the use of enterprise social media, especially for social tasks, as this can enhance employees’ sense of exuberance.

scholarly journals SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE USE FOR CONSTRUCTION WORK ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Rwamamara ◽  
Peter Simonsson
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Concrete Casting

Many of those working on construction sites are exposed to demanding work loads; construction workers lift and carry heavy materials and work in awkward postures. Occupational injuries and accidents due to poor ergonomics are more common in the construction industry and many times lead to human tragedies, disrupt construction processes and adversely affect the cost, productivity, and the reputation of the construction industry. In Sweden, it is reported that concrete workers have the highest relative work-related musculoskeletal injury frequency. Therefore, the use of ergonomic production methods to prevent this can have a significant human, social and financial impact. Research introduced here presents a case study of comparative analyses of ergonomic situations for concrete workers performing concrete casting processes. Three different ergonomic risk assessment methods were used to assess the physical strain, hand-arm vibration and noise affects risks involved in concrete casting work tasks. The combination of technical and managerial factors results in a system where workers are as efficient and safe as possible during their work tasks, and thus, makes the construction work environment sustainable. The aim of our research is to find practical methods to evaluate and compare two different concrete casting methods from an ergonomic perspective. The focus is on the production of cast-in-place concrete bridge constructions where the traditional concrete casting method is compared with the SCC (Self-Compacting concrete) casting method. To be able to identify work-related musculoskeletal injury risks due to concrete casting work tasks, QEC (Quick Exposure Check for musculoskeletal risks), PLIBEL (Checklist for identification for Ergonomics Hazards) and ErgoSAM (Ergonomic production technology method) methods were used. Ergonomic risks analysis methods QEC, PLIBEL and ErgoSAM have all shown capabilities to evaluate construction work activities and thus determine whether a construction work activity constitutes a musculoskeletal risk to the worker or not before any ergonomic intervention is introduced. As a result the present ergonomic risks emanating from work methods used in the traditional concrete placing can be significantly reduced with the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) that eliminates awkward work postures, noise and hand arm vibration, thereby reducing if not eliminating musculoskeletal injuries among concrete workers during their concrete casting work tasks.

scholarly journals O5E.3 Occupational diseases among workers in different socioeconomic positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A49.3-A50
Author(s):  
Henk van der Molen ◽  
Sanne de Vries ◽  
Judith Sluiter
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Low Back Disorders ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Increasing Trend

IntroductionTo determine differences between workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions (SEP) in: i) incidence, trends and type of occupational disease (OD) and ii) incapacity for work due to ODs. It is hypothesized that workers in lower and higher SEP still differ in health disparities from an occupational perspective.MethodsFrom a Dutch cohort of occupational physicians (OPs), ODs assessed by OPs were retrieved over a seven year period (2010–2016) for lower and higher SEP groups. Incidence and type of OD and incapacity for work were determined for the total number of ODs and six frequently occurring ODs. Trends in incidence were estimated using a multilevel negative binominal regression model.ResultIn total, 54 per 100,000 workers in elementary occupations, machine operating and assembly jobs, as well as managerial and intellectual jobs during 2016 had an OD diagnosed and reported by an OP, from which 98 per 100,000 were for lower SEP, and 36 per 100,000 for higher SEP. Among the lower SEP, musculoskeletal disorders (37%) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) (32%) comprised two-thirds of the OD diagnoses. Among the higher SEP, distress/burnout comprised 60% of the OD diagnoses, with an increasing trend (6%; 95% CI: 3%-8%). Incapacity for work due to work-related low back disorders (69% vs 9%) and shoulder-, arm- and wrist disorders (89% vs 47%) differed significantly between workers in lower compared to higher SEP.DiscussionOccupational diseases occur at a 2.7 higher incidence rate for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP. Incapacity for work due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders are higher for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP, suggesting fewer opportunities to modify work tasks and working circumstances for lower SEP. Psychosocial risk factors constitute the greatest problem for workers in higher SEP, resulting in distress/burnout, accompanied by incapacity for work.

Time Pressure and Mental Workload Effects on Perceived Workload and Key Strike Force during Typing

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1390-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Hughes ◽  
Kari Babski-Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Physical Risk Factors ◽  
Perceived Workload

Although physical factors are accepted as risks in the development of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), psychosocial factors may explain some of the remaining differences in susceptibility to WMSDs. The following study examined the effects of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, on typing performance, perceived workload, and key strike force while typing. The majority of the key strike force measures increased with increases in time pressure and mental workload. Perceived overall workload (as measured using SWAT) increased with mental workload and time pressure, and typing performance decreased. Additionally, gender, locus of control, and perceived stress level did not influence outcomes. Physical risk factors may be mediated by psychosocial factors to increase risk for WMSD development in the upper extremities. Therefore, both physical and psychosocial aspects of work environments should be considered when designing jobs and work tasks to prevent injuries and improve productivity.

A Comparison of “Case Definitions” to Estimate Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Hospital Laundry Workers and the Influence of Psychosocial Variables

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (30) ◽  
pp. 5-577-5-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Village
Keyword(s):  
Case Definition ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Symptom Prevalence ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

As part of an intervention study in 3 hospital laundries, 157 workers (83.5% response) completed questionnaires about musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial factors. Symptom prevalence was compared using 3 “case definitions“. Prevalence rates varied depending upon the “case definition” with 73% reporting “any” pain, 71% reporting pain ≥3 time in the year or ≥5 days duration (Hunting), 57% reporting pain in the last 7 days (Nordic-week) and 54% reporting pain ≥12 times or ≥7 days in the last year and ≥mod***erate intensity (NIOSH). When compared with psychosocial scores, there were significant differences for all body parts using the Nordic-week and NIOSH definition. For the upper limbs, only the Nordic-week was significant and for the back, the Hunting and NIOSH were significant with psychosocial scores. Analyzed individually, variety in work tasks and mental exhaustion after work were significantly different between “cases” and “non-cases”. The “case definition” used determines not only prevalence of MSD, but significance of psychosocial variables as well.

scholarly journals Bridging scientific and experiential knowledges via participatory climate adaptation research: A case study of dry farmers in Oregon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Melissa Parks ◽  
Gabrielle Roesch-McNally ◽  
Amy Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Climate Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Dry Farming

In western Oregon’s Willamette Valley, small fruit and vegetable growers have traditionally relied on irrigation to produce their crops. However, they are increasingly experiencing issues with water availability and access due to precipitation pattern changes associated with climate change. In 2016, the Dry Farming Collaborative (DFC) was developed as a participatory model for facilitating research, social networks, and resource-sharing among agricultural stakeholders to test the efficacy of dry farming as an adaptation strategy. Dry farming differs from irrigated cropping systems in that growers do not irrigate their fields and instead utilize a suite of practices to conserve soil moisture from winter rains for summer crop growth. To better understand how to meaningfully engage stakeholders in participatory climate adaptation research, this study explored how the participatory process facilitated the adoption of dry farming as a climate adaptation strategy among participants. Drawing on interviews with 20 DFC participants, including farmers, gardeners, and researchers, results indicate that the integration and use of different knowledge systems within the participatory research process made it easier for participants to integrate dry farming into their operational contexts. Processes designed to encourage interactions and information-sharing between participants and nonhierarchical researcher-grower relationships facilitated the exchange of these knowledge systems among participants, thus providing them with the trusted and salient information they needed to adopt new practices. Results indicate that these features could be useful for enacting future participatory climate research projects that lead to the adoption of effective adaptation strategies.

Situational Assessment of Task Preferences among Adults with Multiple Severe Disabilities in Supported Work

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha B. Parsons ◽  
Dennis H. Reid ◽  
Carolyn W. Green
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Indices Of Happiness ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Situational Assessment ◽  
Supported Work

Identifying work related preferences is an important aspect of supporting people with disabilities in community based jobs. However, how to accurately determine preferences among supported workers who have multiple severe disabilities and highly significant communication challenges has received little research attention. We evaluated the use of a situational assessment for identifying work task preferences among three individuals with multiple severe disabilities. Two participants worked on a yard maintenance crew and one was assigned to cleaning offices. The assessment involved systematically observing indices of happiness and unhappiness while the participants worked on different tasks. The observations revealed distinct differences regarding the tasks that the workers liked and disliked. The validity of the identified preferences was supported through observations, which indicated that work engagement of the workers was most frequent when they worked on their most preferred task and least frequent when they worked on their least preferred task. Overall, these results offer support for use of the situational assessment to identify preferred work tasks for adults with multiple severe disabilities. Results are discussed in terms of evaluating the assessment process with other aspects of work placements beyond specific job tasks to further enhance the likelihood that supported workers will work in job situations in accordance with their work preferences.

scholarly journals The Effects of Upper-Body Exoskeletons on Human Metabolic Cost and Thermal Response during Work Tasks—A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7374
Author(s):  
Simona Del Ferraro ◽  
Tiziana Falcone ◽  
Alberto Ranavolo ◽  
Vincenzo Molinaro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks

Background: New wearable assistive devices (exoskeletons) have been developed for assisting people during work activity or rehabilitation. Although exoskeletons have been introduced into different occupational fields in an attempt to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, the effectiveness of their use in workplaces still needs to be investigated. This systematic review focused on the effects of upper-body exoskeletons (UBEs) on human metabolic cost and thermophysiological response during upper-body work tasks. Methods: articles published until 22 September 2020 were selected from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for eligibility and the potential risk of bias was assessed. Results: Nine articles resulted in being eligible for the metabolic aspects, and none for the thermal analysis. All the studies were based on comparisons between conditions with and without exoskeletons and considered a total of 94 participants (mainly males) performing tasks involving the trunk or overhead work, 7 back-support exoskeletons, and 1 upper-limb support exoskeleton. Eight studies found a significant reduction in the mean values of the metabolic or cardiorespiratory parameters considered and one found no differences. Conclusions: The reduction found represents a preliminary finding that needs to be confirmed in a wider range of conditions, especially in workplaces, where work tasks show different characteristics and durations compared to those simulated in the laboratory. Future developments should investigate the dependence of metabolic cost on specific UBE design approaches during tasks involving the trunk and the possible statistical correlation between the metabolic cost and the surface ElectroMyoGraphy (sEMG) parameters. Finally, it could be interesting to investigate the effect of exoskeletons on the human thermophysiological response.

Clarity needed in training the ‘temps’

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Temporary Agency Work ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Employment Characteristics ◽  
Dual Employment ◽  
Physically Demanding Work ◽  
Temporary Agency Workers

Purpose Research shows that the risk of work-related disorders is higher among temporary agency workers than among other employees. The purpose of this paper is to describe the working conditions of temporary agency workers and explains which factors contribute towards work-related disorders for this group. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a survey responded to by 482 agency workers in Sweden. The dependent variable is the prevalence of work-related disorders. Independent variables include personal characteristics, job characteristics, employment characteristics and temporary agency work characteristics. Findings The study indicates several risk factors: holding a position as a blue-collar worker; being assigned to more physically demanding work tasks and having fewer opportunities to learn new things than client organization employees; lacking training for work tasks; and lacking clarity regarding which work tasks to do during an assignment. Originality/value The theoretical implications of this study are related to the dual employment–management relationship in temporary agency work where the temporary work agency and client organization follow different logics. The logic in the employment relationship is to contract temporary agency workers out to client organizations; thus, there is no time for formal training. The logic in the management relationship lies in making temporary agency workers profitable as soon as possible, encouraging shortcuts in training and instruction; thus, temporary agency workers risk being left with a lack of clarity regarding what to do and how to do it.

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