Situational Assessment of Task Preferences among Adults with Multiple Severe Disabilities in Supported Work

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha B. Parsons ◽  
Dennis H. Reid ◽  
Carolyn W. Green
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Indices Of Happiness ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Situational Assessment ◽  
Supported Work

Identifying work related preferences is an important aspect of supporting people with disabilities in community based jobs. However, how to accurately determine preferences among supported workers who have multiple severe disabilities and highly significant communication challenges has received little research attention. We evaluated the use of a situational assessment for identifying work task preferences among three individuals with multiple severe disabilities. Two participants worked on a yard maintenance crew and one was assigned to cleaning offices. The assessment involved systematically observing indices of happiness and unhappiness while the participants worked on different tasks. The observations revealed distinct differences regarding the tasks that the workers liked and disliked. The validity of the identified preferences was supported through observations, which indicated that work engagement of the workers was most frequent when they worked on their most preferred task and least frequent when they worked on their least preferred task. Overall, these results offer support for use of the situational assessment to identify preferred work tasks for adults with multiple severe disabilities. Results are discussed in terms of evaluating the assessment process with other aspects of work placements beyond specific job tasks to further enhance the likelihood that supported workers will work in job situations in accordance with their work preferences.

A Comparison of Supported Work versus Center-Based Program Services on Selected Outcomes for Individuals with Multiple Severe Disabilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Reid ◽  
Carolyn W. Green ◽  
Marsha B. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Active Behavior ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Residential Center ◽  
Indices Of Happiness ◽  
Versus Center ◽  
Supported Work ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The effects of supported work versus center-based program services were evaluated with four individuals who have multiple severe disabilities. Each week the individuals participated in supported work placements in a publishing company and in a center-based program within an adult education department at a residential center. Systematic observations were conducted in multielement fashion of the degree to which the individuals displayed alert and active behavior, were involved in purposeful activity, and exhibited indices of happiness in both programs. Results indicated that most individuals displayed more alert and active behavior and were involved in more purposeful activity during supported work than during the center-based program. Two of the individuals also displayed more indices of happiness during supported work, whereas two individuals showed no consistent differences in happiness indices across the two types of programs. Possible reasons for the beneficial effects of supported work are discussed, with an emphasis on potentially different expectations for the participants and staff in supported work versus center-based services, as well as differences in the proficiency with which staff performed their duties. Areas for future research are offered to provide more detailed determinations of the relative benefits of supported work for people with multiple severe disabilities.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e047353
Author(s):  
Henry Aughterson ◽  
Alison R McKinlay ◽  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Alexandra Burton
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo explore the psychosocial well-being of health and social care professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis was a qualitative study deploying in-depth, individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for coding.ParticipantsThis study involved 25 participants from a range of frontline professions in health and social care.SettingInterviews were conducted over the phone or video call, depending on participant preference.ResultsFrom the analysis, we identified 5 overarching themes: communication challenges, work-related stressors, support structures, personal growth and individual resilience. The participants expressed difficulties such as communication challenges and changing work conditions, but also positive factors such as increased team unity at work, and a greater reflection on what matters in life.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the support needs of health and social care professionals amid continued and future disruptions caused by the pandemic. It also elucidates some of the successful strategies (such as mindfulness, hobbies, restricting news intake, virtual socialising activities) deployed by health and social care professionals that can support their resilience and well-being and be used to guide future interventions.

scholarly journals A snapshot of potential: Using situational assessments to capture the moment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jessica Short
Keyword(s):  
Work Environments ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Support Employment ◽  
Employment Support ◽  
Situational Assessment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Employment Choices

BACKGROUND: A contributing factor to the higher unemployment rates of adults with disabilities is the limited opportunities to gain insight into employment options. Assessments are often used to learn a job seekers skills, preferences, and support needs. Situational assessments in real work settings create hands-on experiences with a variety of work tasks and work environments which better inform the employment choices of job seekers. METHODS: This article explores situational assessments and introduces a tool designed for the employment support professional conducting the assessment to capture information necessary to make more informed employment choices. RESULTS: This article defines situational assessments while introducing a person-centered tool to support employment support professionals to effectively document and analyze the observations of each situational assessment.

scholarly journals A within-person approach to the relation between quality of task motivation, performance and job satisfaction in everyday working life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Hogenelst ◽  
Roos Schelvis ◽  
Tanja Krone ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Matti Toivo Juhani Heino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Autonomous And Controlled Motivation

Previous research on work-related motivation and work-related outcomes generally shows that autonomous forms of motivation are associated with higher performance and job satisfaction, whereas controlled forms of motivation are generally linked to worse outcomes. These relationships are largely based on between-persons data from cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies with few measurement points. However, motivation quality, performance, and job satisfaction can vary considerably from day to day, both between and within individuals. The present study therefore combines between-persons and within-persons approaches to study the relationships between motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. Nineteen white-collar workers participated in the study. With a default protocol of 30 working days, an ecological momentary assessment app prompted participants five times a day to report their autonomous and controlled motivation for work tasks and their productivity and job satisfaction at the end of each day. Fourteen participants gathered sufficient data to compute within-person relations and individual networks. At the between person level, autonomous motivation was positively associated with productivity, whereas no association with job satisfaction was detected. No associations were detected between controlled motivation and productivity or job satisfaction. At group level within persons, (a) motivation during work tasks (autonomous or controlled) was not associated with self-reported productivity or job satisfaction at the end of that day, (b) self-reported productivity at the end of a day was negatively related to next day autonomous and controlled motivation, and (c) end of day job satisfaction was positively related to next day controlled motivation, but not autonomous motivation. Individual network analyses indicated considerable interindividual heterogeneity, especially in the relationships between motivation and job satisfaction. In conclusion, these findings point to significant variability in the observed relations between motivation, performance and job satisfaction, and highlight the added value of a within person approach and individual networks in addition to between-persons approaches. The implications of these findings for occupational wellbeing research are discussed.

scholarly journals Falling in Love With Work: The Effect of Enterprise Social Media on Thriving at Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
DongXu Liu ◽  
Beigang Hou ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Pingqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Enterprise Social Media ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Social Tasks ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Positive Effect

Using a survey of 300 employees in different types of enterprises and different positions, this study verified that the use of enterprise social media has a positive effect on employees’ work exuberance. The study separately examined the effects of social media applications for work tasks and social tasks. Both types of applications had a positive impact on employees’ work exuberance. The study also identified the mediating role of challenge and obstructive stressors in this relationship. Work-related social media applications enhanced employees’ exuberance by reducing obstructive stressors, and social-related social media applications enhanced employees’ exuberance by reducing challenge stressors. The implications of these findings are that managers should pay attention to the use of enterprise social media, especially for social tasks, as this can enhance employees’ sense of exuberance.

Automated Ripeness Assessment System of Tomatoes Using PCA and SVM Techniques

2014 ◽  
pp. 101-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa El Hariri ◽  
Nashwa El-Bendary ◽  
Aboul Ella Hassanien ◽  
Amr Badr
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Core Concepts

One of the prime factors in ensuring a consistent marketing of crops is product quality, and the process of determining ripeness stages is a very important issue in the industry of (fruits and vegetables) production, since ripeness is the main quality indicator from the customers' perspective. To ensure optimum yield of high quality products, an objective and accurate ripeness assessment of agricultural crops is important. This chapter discusses the problem of determining different ripeness stages of tomato and presents a content-based image classification approach to automate the ripeness assessment process of tomato via examining and classifying the different ripeness stages as a solution for this problem. It introduces a survey about resent research work related to monitoring and classification of maturity stages for fruits/vegetables and provides the core concepts of color features, SVM, and PCA algorithms. Then it describes the proposed approach for solving the problem of determining different ripeness stages of tomatoes. The proposed approach consists of three phases, namely pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification phase. The classification process depends totally on color features (colored histogram and color moments), since the surface color of a tomato is the most important characteristic to observe ripeness. This approach uses Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms for feature extraction and classification, respectively.

scholarly journals SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE USE FOR CONSTRUCTION WORK ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Rwamamara ◽  
Peter Simonsson
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Concrete Casting

Many of those working on construction sites are exposed to demanding work loads; construction workers lift and carry heavy materials and work in awkward postures. Occupational injuries and accidents due to poor ergonomics are more common in the construction industry and many times lead to human tragedies, disrupt construction processes and adversely affect the cost, productivity, and the reputation of the construction industry. In Sweden, it is reported that concrete workers have the highest relative work-related musculoskeletal injury frequency. Therefore, the use of ergonomic production methods to prevent this can have a significant human, social and financial impact. Research introduced here presents a case study of comparative analyses of ergonomic situations for concrete workers performing concrete casting processes. Three different ergonomic risk assessment methods were used to assess the physical strain, hand-arm vibration and noise affects risks involved in concrete casting work tasks. The combination of technical and managerial factors results in a system where workers are as efficient and safe as possible during their work tasks, and thus, makes the construction work environment sustainable. The aim of our research is to find practical methods to evaluate and compare two different concrete casting methods from an ergonomic perspective. The focus is on the production of cast-in-place concrete bridge constructions where the traditional concrete casting method is compared with the SCC (Self-Compacting concrete) casting method. To be able to identify work-related musculoskeletal injury risks due to concrete casting work tasks, QEC (Quick Exposure Check for musculoskeletal risks), PLIBEL (Checklist for identification for Ergonomics Hazards) and ErgoSAM (Ergonomic production technology method) methods were used. Ergonomic risks analysis methods QEC, PLIBEL and ErgoSAM have all shown capabilities to evaluate construction work activities and thus determine whether a construction work activity constitutes a musculoskeletal risk to the worker or not before any ergonomic intervention is introduced. As a result the present ergonomic risks emanating from work methods used in the traditional concrete placing can be significantly reduced with the use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) that eliminates awkward work postures, noise and hand arm vibration, thereby reducing if not eliminating musculoskeletal injuries among concrete workers during their concrete casting work tasks.

The Deficient Worker: Skills, Identity, and Inequality in Service Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Otis ◽  
Tongyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Material Reward ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Organizational Work ◽  
Status Recognition ◽  
Beijing China

Skill is central to inequality in the workplace, as a basis of material reward and status recognition. While much research treats skill as a set of abilities possessed—or not—by a worker, scholars have yet to grasp the organizational processes whereby jobs come to be taken as rudimentary and the worker performing them unskilled and therefore deficient. To illuminate these processes, we travel to Beijing, China, where workers are loquacious about inequalities confronted in relatively new forms of labor. By juxtaposing two service workplaces where similar sets of work tasks carry contradictory value, we discover the social relations that demote workers and their jobs based on identities, femininity in one workplace, rurality in another. We argue that formulating job tasks as skilled or unskilled is itself a kind of organizational work, which recruits the efforts of managers, colleagues, and customers. Unskilled workers do not appear in the workplace already deficient, but become so through organizational processes.

scholarly journals O5E.3 Occupational diseases among workers in different socioeconomic positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A49.3-A50
Author(s):  
Henk van der Molen ◽  
Sanne de Vries ◽  
Judith Sluiter
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Low Back Disorders ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Increasing Trend

IntroductionTo determine differences between workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions (SEP) in: i) incidence, trends and type of occupational disease (OD) and ii) incapacity for work due to ODs. It is hypothesized that workers in lower and higher SEP still differ in health disparities from an occupational perspective.MethodsFrom a Dutch cohort of occupational physicians (OPs), ODs assessed by OPs were retrieved over a seven year period (2010–2016) for lower and higher SEP groups. Incidence and type of OD and incapacity for work were determined for the total number of ODs and six frequently occurring ODs. Trends in incidence were estimated using a multilevel negative binominal regression model.ResultIn total, 54 per 100,000 workers in elementary occupations, machine operating and assembly jobs, as well as managerial and intellectual jobs during 2016 had an OD diagnosed and reported by an OP, from which 98 per 100,000 were for lower SEP, and 36 per 100,000 for higher SEP. Among the lower SEP, musculoskeletal disorders (37%) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) (32%) comprised two-thirds of the OD diagnoses. Among the higher SEP, distress/burnout comprised 60% of the OD diagnoses, with an increasing trend (6%; 95% CI: 3%-8%). Incapacity for work due to work-related low back disorders (69% vs 9%) and shoulder-, arm- and wrist disorders (89% vs 47%) differed significantly between workers in lower compared to higher SEP.DiscussionOccupational diseases occur at a 2.7 higher incidence rate for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP. Incapacity for work due to work-related musculoskeletal disorders are higher for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP, suggesting fewer opportunities to modify work tasks and working circumstances for lower SEP. Psychosocial risk factors constitute the greatest problem for workers in higher SEP, resulting in distress/burnout, accompanied by incapacity for work.

Time Pressure and Mental Workload Effects on Perceived Workload and Key Strike Force during Typing

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1390-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Hughes ◽  
Kari Babski-Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Physical Risk Factors ◽  
Perceived Workload

Although physical factors are accepted as risks in the development of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), psychosocial factors may explain some of the remaining differences in susceptibility to WMSDs. The following study examined the effects of two psychosocial factors, mental workload and time pressure, on typing performance, perceived workload, and key strike force while typing. The majority of the key strike force measures increased with increases in time pressure and mental workload. Perceived overall workload (as measured using SWAT) increased with mental workload and time pressure, and typing performance decreased. Additionally, gender, locus of control, and perceived stress level did not influence outcomes. Physical risk factors may be mediated by psychosocial factors to increase risk for WMSD development in the upper extremities. Therefore, both physical and psychosocial aspects of work environments should be considered when designing jobs and work tasks to prevent injuries and improve productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document