The Neuroprotective Effects of Coccomyxa Gloeobotrydiformis on the Ischemic Stroke in a Rat Model

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) diminishes vasodilatory and neuroprotective effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by hydrolyzing them to inactive dihydroxy metabolites. The primary goals of this study were to investigate the effects of acute sEH inhibition by trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid ( t-AUCB) on infarct volume, functional outcome, and changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats for 90 min followed by reperfusion. At the end of 24 h after reperfusion rats were euthanized for infarct volume assessment by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Brain cortical sEH activity was assessed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Functional outcome at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion was evaluated by arm flexion and sticky-tape tests. Changes in CBF were assessed by arterial spin-labeled-MRI at baseline, during ischemia, and at 180 min after reperfusion. Neuroprotective effects of t-AUCB were evaluated in primary rat neuronal cultures by Cytotox-Flour kit and propidium iodide staining. t-AUCB significantly reduced cortical infarct volume by 35% (14.5 ± 2.7% vs. 41.5 ± 4.5%), elevated cumulative epoxyeicosatrienoic acids-to-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids ratio in brain cortex by twofold (4.40 ± 1.89 vs. 1.97 ± 0.85), and improved functional outcome in arm-flexion test ( day 1: 3.28 ± 0.5 s vs. 7.50 ± 0.9 s; day 2: 1.71 ± 0.4 s vs. 5.28 ± 0.5 s) when compared with that of the vehicle-treated group. t-AUCB significantly reduced neuronal cell death in a dose-dependent manner (vehicle: 70.9 ± 7.1% vs. t-AUCB0.1μM: 58 ± 5.11% vs. t-AUCB0.5μM: 39.9 ± 5.8%). These findings suggest that t-AUCB may exert its neuroprotective effects by affecting multiple components of neurovascular unit including neurons, astrocytes, and microvascular flow.

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Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa as a Target for Diagnostics and Therapy of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190329123924 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 710-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ekaterina V. Konstantinova ◽

Natalia S. Chipigina ◽

Marina H. Shurdumova ◽

E.I. Kovalenko ◽

Alexander M. Sapozhnikov

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

Diagnostics And Therapy ◽

Main Factor

Acute focal ischemia is a main factor of pathogenesis of a number of widespread cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, in particular, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. It is known that under the conditions of ischemia expression of intracellular heat shock proteins (HSPs), especially HSP70, grows greatly irrespective of the cell type. This stress-induced cell response is connected with cytoprotective properties of HSP70. The protective functions of HSP70 contribute to the cell survival under adverse conditions and inhibit development of programmed cell death. It was shown, that the level of HSP70 increases in cardiomyocytes and brain cells in response to ischemia, that was connected with cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. Besides, in recent years, clinical studies of HSP70 have demonstrated elevated level of HSP70 in peripheral blood lymphocytes in groups of patients with ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. This review indicates that HSP70 can serve as a target for developing new approaches to diagnostics and therapy of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

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The Effects ofChunghyul-Dan(A Korean Medicine Herbal Complex) on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/2601740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Woo-Sang Jung ◽

Seungwon Kwon ◽

Seung-Yeon Cho ◽

Seong-Uk Park ◽

Sang-Kwan Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Stroke Recurrence ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Clinical Safety ◽

Endogenous Catecholamine ◽

Rhei Rhizoma ◽

Coa Reductase

Chunghyul-dan(CHD) is a herbal complex containing 80% ethanol extract and is composed ofScutellariae Radix,Coptidis Rhizoma,Phellodendri Cortex,Gardeniae Fructus, andRhei Rhizoma. We have published several experimental and clinical research articles on CHD. It has shown antilipidemic, antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic, and inhibitory effects on ischemic stroke recurrence with clinical safety in the previous studies. The antilipidemic effect of CHD results from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and pancreatic lipase-inhibitory activity. The antihypertensive effect likely results from the inhibitory effect on endogenous catecholamine(s) release and harmonization of all components showing the antihypertensive effects. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on endothelial cells are implicated to dictate the antiatherosclerotic effects of CHD. It also showed neuroprotective effects on cerebrovascular and parkinsonian models. These effects of CHD could be helpful for the prevention of the recurrence of ischemic stroke. Therefore, we suggest that CHD could be a promising medication for treating and preventing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, to validate and better understand these findings, well-designed clinical studies are required.

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Functional Recovery after Scutellarin Treatment in Transient Cerebral Ischemic Rats: A Pilot Study with18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose MicroPET

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/507091 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jin-hui Li ◽

Jing Lu ◽

Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Rat Model ◽

Neurological Deficit ◽

Neuronal Maturation ◽

Vascular Density ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Neuronal Marker ◽

Cerebral Ischemic

Objective. To investigate neuroprotective effects of scutellarin (Scu) in a rat model of cerebral ischemia with use of18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) micro positron emission tomography (microPET).Method. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to establish cerebral ischemia. Rats were divided into 5 groups: sham operation, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion untreated (CIRU) group, Scu-25 group (Scu 25 mg/kg/d), Scu-50 group (Scu 50 mg/kg/d), and nimodipine (10 mg/Kg/d). The treatment groups were given for 2 weeks. The therapeutic effects in terms of cerebral infarct volume, neurological deficit scores, and cerebral glucose metabolism were evaluated. Levels of vascular density factor (vWF), glial marker (GFAP), and mature neuronal marker (NeuN) were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results. The neurological deficit scores were significantly decreased in the Scu-50 group compared to the CIRU group (P<0.001).18F-FDG accumulation in the ipsilateral cerebral infarction increased steadily over time in Scu-50 group compared with CIRU group (P<0.01) and Scu-25 group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated Scu-50 enhanced neuronal maturation.Conclusion.18F-FDG microPET imaging demonstrated metabolic recovery after Scu-50 treatment in the rat model of cerebral ischemia. The neuroprotective effects of Scu on cerebral ischemic injury might be associated with increased regional glucose activity and neuronal maturation.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Xanthohumol, a Prenylated Flavonoid from Hops (Humulus lupulus), in Ischemic Stroke of Rats

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf204909p ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (8) ◽

pp. 1937-1944 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Ting-Lin Yen ◽

Chung-King Hsu ◽

Wan-Jung Lu ◽

Cheng-Ying Hsieh ◽

George Hsiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Humulus Lupulus ◽

Neuroprotective Effects

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Conifer Essential Oils Reversed Amyloid Beta1-42 Action by Modulating BDNF and ARC Expression in The Rat Hippocampus

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527320666210303111537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Alexandra Postu ◽

Adrian Tiron ◽

Crina Elena Tiron ◽

Dragoș Lucian Gorgan ◽

Marius Mihasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Rat Model ◽

Pinus Halepensis ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Bdnf Expression ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Cognitive Improvement

Background: The conifer species Pinus halepensis (Pinaceae) and Tetraclinis articulata (Cupressaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine due to their health beneficial properties. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which P. halepensis and T. articulata essential oils (1% and 3%) could exhibit neuroprotective effects in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model, induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42). Method: The essential oils were administered by inhalation to the AD rat model, once daily, for 21 days. DNA fragmentation was assessed through Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expressions were determined by RT-qPCR analysis, while BDNF and ARC protein expressions were assessed using immunohistochemistry technique. Results: Our data showed that both essential oils substantially attenuated memory impairments, with P. halepensis mainly stimulating ARC expression and T. articulata mostly enhancing BDNF expression. Also, the inhalation of essential oils reduced IL-1β expression and induced positive effects against DNA fragmentation associated with Aβ1-42-induced toxicity, further contributing to the cognitive improvement in the rats with AD-like model. Conclusion: Our findings provide further evidence that these essential oils and their chemical constituents could be natural agents of therapeutic interest against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity.

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Neuroprotective effects of indole-3-carbinol on the rotenone rat model of Parkinson's disease: Impact of the SIRT1-AMPK signaling pathway

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.taap.2021.115853 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115853

Author(s):

Khalid A. Mohamad ◽

Reem N. El-Naga ◽

Sara A. Wahdan

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Rat Model ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Ampk Signaling ◽

Disease Impact

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Abstract TMP46: Is There an Effect of Statins on Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcomes in the Oldest Old?

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Alcusky ◽

Anne L Hume ◽

Kate L Lapane

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Functional Status ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Acute Treatment ◽

Functional Dependence ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Data Set ◽

Statin Use

Background: The net health benefit of statin use in the oldest patients remains controversial. Preclinical models and previous clinical studies have suggested statins may exhibit neuroprotective effects in stroke, however evidence in the very old remains limited. Our objective was to compare changes in functional status before and after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) between statin users and non-users in a national cohort. Methods: A patient’s first hospitalization for AIS from 04/01/11 to 12/31/2012 was selected from Medicare Part A claims. Patients with a pre-hospitalization nursing home Minimum Data Set assessment and a post-hospitalization assessment in a skilled nursing facility were included. Pre-stroke statin exposure was defined using Part D claims. Functional status was measured continuously and categorically (dependent:<20, partially dependent(PD):20-59, assisted independent(AI):60-100) using Shah’s modified Barthel Index (mBI). Multivariable logistic regression examined the association of statins with a minimum clinically important mBI decrease of 10 points among non-dependent patients. Results: Among 10,203 patients with an assessment before hospitalization, 7.2% died, and 48.7% were included (mean age: 83.6±9.6; 74.5% women). Statin use was common (36.5%), while acute treatment was infrequent (thrombolysis: 4.9%; thrombectomy: 0.1%). The distribution of functional dependence, PD, and AI shifted from 17.3%, 56.1%, and 26.7% at baseline to 49.7%, 44.4%, and 5.9% post-stroke, respectively. A consistent association with 10-point mBI decline was observed for statin exposure among all non-dependent (OR: 0.8; 95%CI: 0.7-1.0) and within strata of PD (OR:0.8; 95%CI: 0.7-1.0) and AI patients (OR: 0.8; 95%CI: 0.5-1.3). In contrast, acute treatment was more strongly associated with function in AI (OR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2-1.0) versus PD patients (OR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.7-1.5). Conclusion: In this high-burden population, our results are suggestive of a possible protective association for pre-stroke statin exposure. Further research is needed to examine temporal and dose-response relationships between statin exposure and functional outcomes across diverse patient populations.

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The role of elevated levels of microRNA-155-5p and microRNA-124-5p in hyperuricemia and acute ischemic stroke

Materials Express ◽

10.1166/mex.2021.2080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1674-1680

Author(s):

Yuan Yao ◽

Jun Yuan ◽

Yanju Ma ◽

Runxiu Zhu ◽

Yong Ma

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Cerebral Vasospasm ◽

Rat Model ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Neuronal Apoptosis ◽

Projection Neuron ◽

Neuron Differentiation

Hyperuricemia is closely related to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In our study, we investigated the pattern of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p expressions along with its clinical application in AIS and hyperuricemia patients and in a hyperuricemia rat model by RT-qPCR. The hyperuricemia rat model was established, and we found that the levels of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p were increased in the serum, brain and kidney tissues compared with those in the normal rats. We proved that the levels of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p were also elevated in AIS, hyperuricemia and AIS accompanied with hyperuricemia patients enrolled from the department of neurology in Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital (IMPH). The miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-124-5p were mainly associated with neuronal apoptosis, cerebral vasospasm, neuron projection, neuron projection morphogenesis, neuron differentiation and exocytosis. The above results might provide clues for the study the pathogenesis of AIS and hyperuricemia.

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