Improving Agricultural Export Policies in Developing Countries: An Application of Gravity Modelling in the Case of Vietnam’s Fishery Export

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Manh Hung Do ◽  
Sang Chul Park
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Gravity Modelling ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Export Policies ◽  
Fishery Products

This paper investigates the determinants of fishery export from Vietnam using a structural gravity modelling. Taken additional trade-related variables from the World Bank’s open data into the estimation of the gravity model, this research will be the first trial to examine the impacts of these variables on export of fishery products and to propose policy implications for stimulating export in Vietnam. The empirical results show that each 1% reduction of export costs might increase approximately 3.7% of the export value of fishery products. This finding is critical because the current administrative system for export of agricultural commodity in Vietnam consists of many stages and includes a long period of animal quarantine inspection, document checking, and customs clearance that might cause additional export costs. Therefore, policies aiming at reducing the costs of border and documentary compliance for export will be significant to stimulate export in developing countries as Vietnam.

ICT-Based Market Information Services (MIS) Projects, Deployment Environment, and Performance

2012 ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Julius Juma Okello
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transactions Costs ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Service Projects ◽  
And Performance

The need to provide agricultural information to farmers has led to emergence of numerous electronic-based MIS projects in developing countries. These projects aim at promoting farmer linkage to better markets. However, experiences from past and present projects show mix cases of success and failure, despite some projects meeting their goals. This study examines how the environments in which such ICT-based MIS are deployed affect their performance. It specifically uses two ICT-based market information service projects, the DrumNet and Kenya Agricultural Commodity Exchange (KACE) projects, to assess how the socio-economic, physical, and institutional environments in such projects are deployed affect the performance of such projects. The study finds that a number of environmental factors related to socio-economic, physical, market, and legal environment affect the performance of ICT-based projects. Some of these factors exacerbate transactions costs thus undermining the performance and even sustainability of ICT-based MIS projects. It discusses policy implications of these findings.

Managing the Recycling Business in Istanbul

2017 ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Nuray Cakirli ◽  
Aytug Sozuer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Waste Management Policy ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Waste Pickers

The global waste market is estimated at US$410 billion a year and growing, while only 25 per cent of total waste is known as recovered and recycled. Besides, this figure does not include the informal segment in which around 20 million people work as waste pickers in developing countries. Solid waste management policy and recycling practices differ among certain parts of the world to a large extent. Industrialized countries generally have formal and automated waste management systems, whereas developing countries rely on the informal sector. In Istanbul, which is one of the few megacities in the world appear to be at the crossroad of a policy choice. Authorities will either privatize the recycling business for large firms or try to follow more inclusive approach for more than 100,000 waste pickers in the city. Based on the literature, this study will review the formal waste management systems and describe the integration of informal recycling sector in particular world regions that may have policy implications for Istanbul.

scholarly journals MONITORING SDG 9 WITH GLOBAL OPEN DATA AND OPEN SOFTWARE – A CASE STUDY FROM RURAL TANZANIA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽  
pp. 1551-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Ilie ◽  
M. A. Brovelli ◽  
S. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Training Material ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The 17 goals adopted by the United Nations (UN) are aimed at achieving a better and more sustainable future for all. For each goal, a set of indicators has been defined. The indicators measure progress towards achieving the respective SDG. For the majority of these indicators, geospatial information is needed to evaluate the current state of the indicator. While geospatial information is largely available in developed countries, this is not the case in many developing countries of the world. Furthermore, skills and capacity for calculating indicator values are also limited in many developing countries. To address these shortcomings, the third challenge of the 2018 UN OSGeo Committee Educational Challenges called for the development of training material for using open source software together with freely available high resolution global geospatial datasets in support of monitoring SDG progress. The resulting training material provides a step-by-step guide for calculating the state of SDG indicator 9.1.1, <i>Proportion of the rural population who live within 2km of an all-season road</i>, using open software and open data with global coverage. Through the development of this training material, we showed that anyone can monitor progress towards achieving SDG indicator 9.1.1 for their specific part of the world. Because open source software and open data were used, the indicator calculation is cost effective and completely sustainable.</p>

scholarly journals Institutional Analysis on Public-Private Partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Healthcare Systems and Policy Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Aladino José Manhiça
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

Many people in developing countries are exposed to a greater risk to access essential healthcare services. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank estimate that more than half of the world’s 7.3 billion people do not obtain all of the essential needed healthcare services. To minimize this burden, Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have embraced the private sector through public-private partnership (PPP) as a mean to achieve Universal Healthcare Coverage (UHC). A number of publications have raised the importance of institutional setting for effectiveness of the PPP in the region. However, very few have outstretched persuasive requirements to examine the effectiveness of PPP considering SSA’s socio-economic context. This paper examines the applicable environment for PPP in healthcare systems in SSA and has observed a trend of decrease in resources allocated by developing countries to healthcare services; increasing participation of private sector in healthcare delivery; the effectiveness of PPP is determined, but not limited to, by the quality of institutions and additional variables such as cultural characteristics, community attributes, and physical or material conditions.

scholarly journals Coral reefs fisheries development business strategy in Sabang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
I Agustina ◽  
R M Aprilia ◽  
S Salmarika ◽  
R Rahayu ◽  
M Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The World ◽  
Coral Fish ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
Tool Technology

Abstract Marine fisheries are an important source of food and income for people all over the world. Billions of people, most of them from developing countries, rely on fish as a major source of animal protein. Fisheries play an important role in the prevention and reduction of poverty. Fisheries provide nets that are essential to people when other work resources are unavailable. The aim of this study is the strategy for developing coral fisheries in Sabang city. The method used in research is to use the SWOT method of analysis. Fisheries development strategy in Sabang city: 1). Develop cathing tool technology to replace the previous cathing tools that are non-environmentally friendly. 2). Conducting the coral reef conservation socialization where the coral fish live. 3). Cooperating with the society in controlling fishing areas by utilizing the local culture that is still very strong in protecting the sea to avoid illegal and excessive exploitation of fish. 4). Means of transportation and distribution for the export of coral fish, which results in a high selling price. 5. The development of the added value of coral fishery products for the welfare of fishermen.

“Made in China”: the displacement effect of China on Egyptian textile exports

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assem Abu Hatab
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In China

Purpose A growing number of studies indicate that the export growth of China’s textiles poses serious threats to many developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to empirically measure the extent to which the export growth of Chinese textiles has come at the expense of Egyptian textiles exports in third importing markets. Design/methodology/approach To measure this effect, an augmented gravity model equation was estimated using annual data covering the period 1994-2012 on Egyptian and Chinese textile exports to traditional importers of Egyptian textiles. Findings The empirical results suggest that Egyptian textiles are vulnerable to competitive threat posed by China, especially in the EU and US markets. In contact, Egyptian textile exports have moved hand-in-hand with Chinese textile exports to Asian markets. Moreover, the results suggest that the expiration of the Multi-fiber Agreement in 2005 has exposed Egyptian textile exports to fierce completion with China and resulted in declines in Egypt’s textile exports to the world. However, the trade agreements that Egypt signed with the world countries have given Egypt a competitive edge in major importing regions and mitigated the negative impacts of China in the post-2005 period. Finally, the paper argues that unless Egypt adjusts and develops its textile sector in response to such heightened competition from China, Egyptian textile exports undoubtedly would further be negatively impacted. Research limitations/implications In this study, Egypt’s textile products are aggregated to one group and analyzed as a whole, “textile exports.” Further research using a more disaggregated level of data would offer deeper insights into the impacts of China on Egyptian textile exports. Originality/value The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, it adds to the growing literature aiming to understand the impacts of China’s growth on developing countries exports by providing a case study of Egyptian textile export sector. Second, the policy implications drawn from this paper could be useful to Egyptian policy makers and stakeholders to address and respond to the competitiveness challenges posed by China to the Egyptian textile industry.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

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