Managing the Recycling Business in Istanbul

The global waste market is estimated at US$410 billion a year and growing, while only 25 per cent of total waste is known as recovered and recycled. Besides, this figure does not include the informal segment in which around 20 million people work as waste pickers in developing countries. Solid waste management policy and recycling practices differ among certain parts of the world to a large extent. Industrialized countries generally have formal and automated waste management systems, whereas developing countries rely on the informal sector. In Istanbul, which is one of the few megacities in the world appear to be at the crossroad of a policy choice. Authorities will either privatize the recycling business for large firms or try to follow more inclusive approach for more than 100,000 waste pickers in the city. Based on the literature, this study will review the formal waste management systems and describe the integration of informal recycling sector in particular world regions that may have policy implications for Istanbul.

Improved Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Eastern Europe

The chapter provides a bird-eye view of Romania's position in view of its development of national and regional entrepreneurial ecosystems, before presenting a hands-on perspective of entrepreneurs in their quest for profit and impact. The methodology relies mainly on a qualitative critical description of the current situation in Romania, based on previous in-depth studies, focusing on public policies and entrepreneurial attitudes. The main objective of the chapter is to provide the reader with a clear view of the possibilities and potential of Romania in terms of developing sustainable, resilient regions, the obstacles it faces in this respect, its quest for more impact investments and its need for a holistic approach to strategic regional development.

Entrepreneurial Thinking in the Educational System

Education is the critical vein for human development, for society and economic growth. Because the context nowadays is vacillating, sometimes turbulent even, mankind needs empowerment through a belief system. We believe that an educated man is key to a sustainable economy, one that promotes values, lucidity and rationality. Education is modelled by and models society, through the way we think, act and react. The individual is the main actor on life's scene and he is responsible of the various shapes and forms of the socio-economic systems, of different contexts and behaviours in general. In this chapter, we aim to highlight the importance of entrepreneurship, management, creativity in managing an educational institution (system). We will analyse how an entrepreneurial system should look like, how creative thinking helps and how it will contribute to an “educated development”.

Oil and Gas Discoveries in Kenya

This chapter introduces the key constituent activities of the oil and gas industry and aims to outline the core benefits that the recent oil and gas discoveries in Kenya herald to the country's expectant population. It describes and analyzes the global oil and gas industry with a focus on its strategic, financial, and business aspects. It also identifies the opportunities for participation in the industry value chain through which the oil and gas revenues can be of benefit to the Kenyan people. However, the study's focus is on the creation of social value at the community or country level rather than on private shareholder value. Moreover, the chapter only examines upstream activities—that is, exploration and production—even though the implications might also apply to midstream and downstream activities.

A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Renewable Energy Deployment on Sustainability

Renewable energy sources have a large potential to contribute the sustainable development as environmentally and socioeconomically. However, the existing literature includes theoretical framework in general and there is a lack of both comprehensive theoretical and empirical framework on the relationship between sustainable development and RE technologies. This paper aims to theoretically synthesise the literature on renewable energy technologies and sustainable development for Turkey, and then classify the results by broad categories. After all, the present paper uses conceptual and quantitative analysis, which reviews each concept with conceptual framework and evaluates data with quantitative method. From this point of view, this paper attempts to make a contribution by developing a conceptual framework which allows a wide-ranging analysis of the impact of renewable energy on sustainability and which can be empirically applied to classify these benefits in Turkey.

Investors' Reactions to the Announcement of New Constituents of BIST Sustainability Index

This study investigates the reaction of investors to the announcement of firms included in BIST Sustainability Index. Stock returns of BIST 50 firms, which are also constituents of BIST Sustainability Index, with those of BIST 50 firms that could not qualify for inclusion in BIST Sustainability Index, are compared. Based on mean/median tests, no significant difference between various returns of two groups of firms is found. Except for interval 0 to +4 days, the findings of event study indicates no significant abnormal returns for BIST Sustainability Index Constituents in the event window of 10 days surrounding the announcement day, but indicates significant positive cumulative abnormal returns for intervals 0 to +4 days, 0 to +5 days, 0 to +7 days, 0 to +8 days, 0 to +9 days and 0 to +10 days, which is an indication that investors valued the BIST Sustainability Index Constituents a few days after the announcement by investing in the stocks of these firms.

Created Shared Value and Sustainable, Inclusive Development of Developing Countries

The created shared value represents a paradigm shift in business corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability strategy. Apart from addressing the limitations inherent in the traditional CSR which is mainly philanthropic, short-lived and separated from the core business strategy and activities, it enhances the company's competitiveness while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the community of operation. Companies can create shared values through re-conceiving products and markets, redefining productivity in the value chain and building supportive industry clusters at the company's locations and solving society problems. Despite the criticisms and challenges of the shared value concept, there are convincing evidences that the created shared value is a veritable instrument for addressing the bottom of the pyramid resulting in inclusive, sustainable development of developing countries and it has the potentials to unleash the next wave of global economic growth, prosperity and sustainable development when governments, companies and non-government organizations in developing countries demonstrate commitment to their roles in shared value creation and companies start to think and take long-term views of social investments and economic prosperity, and look at corporate decisions and opportunities through the lens of shared value by incorporating social and societal values into their economic agenda.

Corporate Social Responsibility

A sense of responsibility keeps human on the edge which continuously reminds one of where their pursuit lies. Of course, Responsibility keeps piling up as one grow. In a society where the globe is technologically upgrading every second, the businesses are assigned the challenge to keep the surroundings at balance; this is where the term corporate social responsibility gains momentum. In constantly growing economies, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the force which keeps organizations stay afloat and is the make or break point. Realising this, the economies of world are jointly or individually pursuing the corporate goals towards society in different areas. CSR is the vantage point which is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for its consumers. The aim of the chapter is to articulate how corporate social responsibility has become the most valuable touch point of the society to survive among different companies and highlight the various issues and challenges in CSR implementation and regulation.

The Advent of the Value Sharing Model

This chapter reviews the field of Shared Value (<SV>) to develop insights into how <SV> research is developing, offer a critique of the research to date, and outline future research opportunities. The authors find that most published <SV> research presents normative arguments for <SV> and there is little research examining <SV> in practice. Thus, the authors call for more research that critiques <SV>'s rhetoric and practice. Thus, this chapter offers an insightful critique into an emerging management issue and widespread business practice. The research findings provide insights into future research needs on Shared Value.

The Italian Doctrine Economia Aziendale and the Primary Interest of the Organizations

The aim of this chapter is to enter into the debate on the objective of the firm and more in general of the organizations, in order to discuss the contribution that the Italian doctrine Economia Aziendale (EA) can give to this debate and to the sustainable economic development. To this end, it is pro-posed the concept of primary interest of the organizations, the aziende according to the EA (i.e., business entities, public administrations and non-profit organizations), which is to satisfy human needs through the production of useful goods and services (the objective of the azienda) ensuring a sustainable value creation in the short and long term (the condition for the survival and growth of the azienda). For business entities, the primary interest supports the so called ‘integration thesis' according to which business and ethics can be achieved together, since the profit is considered as a condition that allows the survival and growth of the firm favouring all stakeholders and the community.