scholarly journals Who Doesn’t Want to Share Leadership? The Role of Personality, Control Preferences, and Political Orientation in Preferences for Shared vs. Focused Leadership in Teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Anna Olga Kuzminska ◽  
◽  
Dominic Schulze ◽  
Anna Koval ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Equal Division ◽  
Leadership Model

An increasing number of institutions decide to adopt the premises of shared or distributed leadership models and reduce the level of organizational hierarchy. Such models were shown to positively affect employee well-being, creativity, and – indirectly – effectiveness. However, while shared leadership assumes a relatively equal division of control in interdependent situations, some people display preferences to dominate or submit. What is more, unequal/equal division of power may be preferable to people with a more conservative/liberal political orientation. In the current research we examine whether the shared leadership model is likely to be equally attractive to all employees. We focus on the effect of personality traits, control preferences, and political orientation on preferences for shared vs. focused leadership. One-hundred-and-eighty-four participants declared their team preferences (focused vs. shared leadership), as well as answered questions regarding their personality (HEXACO), control preferences, and political orientation through the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. Control preferences, as well as political orientation were related to preferences for shared vs. focused leadership. Specifically, while dominance and conservative political orientation was associated with higher preference for focused leadership, collaboration predicted higher preference for shared leadership. Personality traits did not predict the preferences for focused vs. shared leadership

scholarly journals Predictors of Mental Health in Adolescence: The Role of Personality, Dispositional Optimism, and Social Support

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402091796
Author(s):  
Iva Burešová ◽  
Martin Jelínek ◽  
Jaroslava Dosedlová ◽  
Helena Klimusová
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Dispositional Optimism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Orientation Test

In line with the current psychological approach to health in general, mental health is perceived not only as the absence of psychopathological disorders, but also the presence of well-being. The study contributes to the identification of possible sources affecting mental health in adolescence. This cross-sectional study focuses on the role of personality traits, dispositional optimism, and perceived social support in predicting mental health in adolescence. Mental health was assessed using Mental Health Continuum, personality traits using Big Five Inventory, dispositional optimism using Life Orientation Test—Revised and social support by Close Relationships and Social Support Scale. The research sample consisted of 1,239 respondents aged 12 to 19 years (mean age 15.56 years), 54.3% females and 45.7 % males. Sequential regression analysis revealed that demographic variables and personality characteristics together explained 33.5% of mental health variance, the strongest predictors being extraversion and neuroticism. Including dispositional optimism and perceived social support resulted in a significant increase of the explained variance. All predictors together explained 46.0% of the mental health variance.

Personality traits and the role of gender in swimmers at the leisure level

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido M. Cavallera ◽  
Andrea Passerini ◽  
Alessandro Pepe
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Close Relationship

We used the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ; Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993) with swimmers engaged in indoor practice at the leisure level (50 male, 50 female) to measure whether personality traits are associated with swimming. We also examined the concept that scores on some personality traits can have a reciprocal closely intermingled influence on other personality traits, and that gender can play a role in modulating personality. We found that the swimmers were characterized by evidence of personality traits distributed within moderate middle scores in personality factors, contributing to well-being and satisfaction with life. We also found correlations within factors and subfactors, showing a close relationship among personality traits. Gender also plays a role in the measurement of personality traits as gender has a statistically significant effect on extraversion.

scholarly journals The Role of the Five–factor Personality Traits in General Self–rated Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisi Kööts–Ausmees ◽  
Monika Schmidt ◽  
Tõnu Esko ◽  
Andres Metspalu ◽  
Jüri Allik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Objective Health

Self–ratings of health (SRH) are widely used in large surveys and have been shown to predict mortality over and above more objective health measures. However, the debate still continues about what SRH actually represents and what the processes underlying people's assessments of their health are. The main aim of this study is to examine the role of the Five–Factor Model personality traits in general SRH assessment while controlling for the effects of objective health indicators, health–related quality of life and subjective well–being in a large population–based dataset of Estonian adults. A hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that only self–rated, but not informant–rated, neuroticism explained additional variance in SRH when the other aforementioned variables were taken into account. Our findings indicate that people's general SRH is a relatively good reflection of their objectively measured health status, but also that the way in which people experience and evaluate the quality of their lives—both in terms of subjective well–being and more specific aspects of health—plays a significant role in general SRH assessments. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Online Workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Jamie Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Online Communication ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Labour Process

The focus shifts in this chapter towards online workers. It first differentiates between microworkers and online freelancers, discussing the role of automation and the technical composition of these kinds of work. The chapter contrasts the challenges of organising in this kind of work with transport platforms, particularly the lack of opportunities to meet face-to-face. It draws attention to the digital networks that form around this work in response to the challenges of the labour process. Recent struggles involving Amazon Mechanical Turk and Rev (transcription) workers show the potential for these workers to coordinate and build shared subjectivities through online communication. This case study is explored as an example with a significantly more challenging technical composition, yet shows how new moments of struggle are still coming to the fore.

Look Who’s Talking: Mediums of Contact Among Mid-to Later-Life Siblings

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502091295
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Hill ◽  
Alexander C. Jensen ◽  
Sarah M. Coyne ◽  
Jeremy B. Yorgason
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Adult Siblings ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Telephone Contact ◽  
Sibling Closeness

Adult siblings maintain contact and remain close to one another. The current study used participants recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk ( n = 491) to conduct regression analyses examining five methods of contact (in person, telephone, email, texting, and social media) predicting sibling closeness and conflict. Further, two- and three-way interactions assessed the role of sibling dyad composition (e.g., women with a sister and women with a brother). Results suggested that as contact in person, through social media, the telephone, or email increased, sibling closeness increased, while increased contact through email indicated less conflict. Assessing sibling dyad composition suggested as telephone contact increased, sibling closeness increased for all sibling dyads, especially for women with a sister compared to men with a brother. In-person and texting contacts were beneficial for women with a brother. Even in mid- to later-life, siblings connect through synchronous and asynchronous mediums, and this contact appears beneficial for sisters.

scholarly journals Effect of Prior Gameplay Experience on the Relationships between Esports Gameplay Intention and Live Esports Streaming Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8019
Author(s):  
Wooyoung (William) Jang ◽  
Kevin K. Byon ◽  
Hyunseok Song
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
And Behavior

This study examined the effect of prior experience with esports gameplay on its antecedents and consequences. Prior experience is considered a significant factor in consumers’ intention and behavior, and in gameplay engagement it is considered the amount of gameplay time. While esports consumers are heterogeneous, only a few esports studies have been conducted. Thus, this study focused on prior esports gameplay experience to explain consumers’ behavior better and examine antecedents, esports gameplay intention, and live esports streaming content across two groups (i.e., high and low frequencies of esports gameplay). Data were collected via an online survey in Amazon Mechanical Turk (M-Turk) from esports consumers who engaged in esports gameplay and live-streaming. One-third of the median cases were excluded to create two groups designated by weekly esports gameplay hours. The results revealed different patterns in the two groups. Specifically, esports gameplay had no effect on engagement in live esports streaming content for consumers who played esport games frequently. However, gameplay intention predicted live esports streaming content engagement successfully in the group who played infrequently. These findings contributed to (1) esports research by demonstrating consumers’ heterogeneity, and the (2) extension of technology acceptance and use research in esports engagement by identifying the role of prior gameplay experience.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to Sunk Costs Depends on Attention to the Delay

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kazinka ◽  
Angus W. MacDonald ◽  
A. David Redish
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Parallel Tasks ◽  
Economic Behaviors

In the WebSurf task, humans forage for videos paying costs in terms of wait times on a time-limited task. A variant of the task in which demands during the wait time were manipulated revealed the role of attention in susceptibility to sunk costs. Consistent with parallel tasks in rodents, previous studies have found that humans (undergraduates measured in lab) preferred shorter delays, but waited longer for more preferred videos, suggesting that they were treating the delays economically. In an Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) sample, we replicated these predicted economic behaviors for a majority of participants. In the lab, participants showed susceptibility to sunk costs in this task, basing their decisions in part on time they have already waited, which we also observed in the subset of the mTurk sample that behaved economically. In another version of the task, we added an attention check to the wait phase of the delay. While that attention check further increased the proportion of subjects with predicted economic behaviors, it also removed the susceptibility to sunk costs. These findings have important implications for understanding how cognitive processes, such as the deployment of attention, are key to driving re-evaluation and susceptibility to sunk costs.

scholarly journals Development of a Model to Predict love Trauma Syndrome in Students According to Personality Traits, Initial Maladaptive Schemas and Spiritual Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Etemadnia ◽  
◽  
Shohreh Shiroodi ◽  
Javad Khalatbari ◽  
Shahnam Abolghasemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Correlational Research

Objectives Love trauma syndrome is a common occurrence among college students that can result to psychological and educational problems. The current research supposed to illustrate the role of personality traits, early maladaptive Schemas and spiritual health in prediction of love trauma syndrome. Methods The present study was a correlational research based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The population includes all students of Tehran universities who suffers love trauma syndrome. 500 subjects were selected by cluster random sampling and answered the Love Trauma Inventory(LTI), Hexaco Personality Questionnaire(HEXACO), Young Schema Questionnaire(YSQ-SF) and Spirituality Index of Well-Being(SIWB). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using LISREL software. Results SEM model showed a root mean square error of 0.043 which indicate good model fit. Conclusion The provided model for predicting LT syndrome was a good fitting model. Personality traits, early maladaptive schemes, and the spiritual health could predict LT syndrome. Extraversion, excitement, humility/honesty, sacrifice, abandonment/ instability and life plan are the best predictors for intensity of love trauma syndrome.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Role of Mediator of Emotion Regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Khalatbari ◽  
Vahid Hemmati Sabet ◽  
Farinaz Tabibzadeh ◽  
Akbar Hemmati Sabet
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being in people with irritable bowel syndrome with mediating role of emotional regulation. Methods: Research method according to the applied purpose, and the data collection method was a descriptive correlation and a quantitative data type. The statistical population of this study was all the patients with irritable bowel syndrome referring to Danesh Gastrointestinal Clinic in Tehran in 1396. The sample size was 390 participants selected by calculate sample size in structural equations and using a sample purposive sampling method. In order to measure the variables, personality traits Neo Costa & McGary (1992), Psychological well-being Ryff (1989), and of emotional regulation Gross and John (2003) questionnaires were used. Evaluation of the proposed model was done using structural equation modeling and SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 18 as well as Amos. The reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity of the questionnaire, were investigated.  Moreover, path coefficients and software significance coefficients were used to examine the research hypotheses. Results: The results showed that the degree of appropriateness of the proposed model was appropriate to the components of the research; personality traits and psychological well-being were found to be correlated with the role of mediator of emotional regulation in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (p <0.0001). Conclusion: This research confirms the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being with the mediating role of emotional regulation in people with irritable bowel syndrome. Because of Numerous scientific evidence in the ontology of this syndrome, further study on emotional skills and related problems in people with irritable bowel syndrome are required.

scholarly journals Does perfectionism lead to well-being? The role of flow and personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Tamar Kamushadze ◽  
Khatuna Martskvishvili ◽  
Maia Mestvirishvili ◽  
Mariami Odilavadze
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Dispositional Flow ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hexaco Model

Perfectionism is a personality trait that plays an important role in understanding human behavior and functioning. There has been a focus on the negative aspects and outcomes of perfectionism, and less is known about whether and how perfectionism relates to adaptive characteristics of personality and normal functioning. We investigated associations between different aspects of perfectionism and psychological well-being in two studies by determining the role of dispositional flow and personality traits in this relationship. In Study 1, participants completed questionnaires for perfectionism, psychological well-being and flow. In Study 2, personality traits from the HEXACO model of personality were additionally measured. We found that psychological well-being had a positive correlation with conscientious perfectionism and a negative correlation with self-evaluative perfectionism. Flow mediates the relationship between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being. There was no correlation between self-evaluative perfectionism and dispositional flow. After controlling for relevant personality traits, dispositional flow remains the mediator between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being, but the relation becomes negative. Implications for the understanding of how different components of perfectionism are related to psychological well-being and how flow experience contributes to this relationship are discussed.

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