scholarly journals Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Supervised Exercise

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous endocrinopathy affecting metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular health in women. Evidence indicates that women with PCOS present with a cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Physical activity (PA) interventions have been shown to reduce various CVD risk factors in women with PCOS. Research also suggests that sedentary behaviours have a distinct deleterious effect on cardiometabolic health. Thus, increasing PA and reducing sedentary behaviour may be a worthwhile therapeutic target to improve cardiovascular health in women with PCOS. The programme of research presented in this thesis investigates the feasibility and acceptability of two PA interventions to improve markers of CVD risk in women with PCOS using both quantitative and qualitive methods. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise interventions on CVD risk factors in women with PCOS provided an evidence base on which to design a supervised exercise intervention. A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of two physical activity interventions for women with PCOS was conducted. Participants were randomised to either a supervised exercise intervention, a lifestyle physical activity intervention (LPAG) aimed at reducing sedentary behaviours, or a control group, for 12 weeks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants from each group on completion of the RCT to explore the acceptability of the interventions, and barriers and facilitators to PA. Results The systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that moderate intensity aerobic exercise interventions of ≥three months in duration, with a frequency of three sessions/week, had favourable effects on CVD risk factors. These results informed the design of the RCT. Thirty-six women with PCOS were enrolled onto the feasibility RCT (12 per group). The recruitment rate was 56% and adherence rate to the exercise intervention was considered moderate at 53%. The retention rate was high at 89%, with only five participants lost to follow-up. Adherence to the LPAG was 100%. Two non-serious adverse events were reported in the exercise group, unrelated to trial procedures. For the secondary outcomes, trend data indicates a 14% reduction in oxidised LDL concentrations in the exercise group. In addition, the data indicates weight loss (kg) of 3.4% and 3.6% in the exercise group and the LPAG, respectively. Qualitative data from the interviews (n=11) indicated that the interventions were well received, but acceptability could be improved by providing social connectivity and implementing measures that encourage the adoption of long-term health-promoting behaviours. Conclusions iii The findings suggest that the procedures for recruitment, allocation, and outcome measurements were acceptable. However, adherence to the supervised exercise intervention was below an acceptable rate. The qualitative component provides valuable contextual data that will be crucial to addressing adherence for both the progression to a full-scale RCT, and community interventions for women with PCOS.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Isabel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apo B

The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to CVD is rather low in a paediatric population. Studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents are therefore mostly limited to CVD risk factors as outcome measures. For this reason, this chapter will focus on the association of physical activity and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. These risk factors can be divided into the so-called traditional CVD risk factors; that is, lipoproteins [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], blood pressure, body fatness, and diabetes, and ‘new’ CVD risk factors; that is, other lipoproteins [lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoA-1], coagulation and inflammation markers [fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP)], homocysteine, and heart rate variability.

Abstract P013: Prevalence, Correlates and Prognosis of Healthy Vascular Aging in a Western Community-dwelling Population

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Niiranen ◽  
Asya Lyass ◽  
Martin Larson ◽  
Naomi Hamburg ◽  
Emelia Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health Score ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Life’S Simple 7

Introduction: Although hypertension in the elderly is no longer considered harmless, increasing arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) are still widely seen as inevitable parts of the aging process. However, these phenomena may not be unavoidable as they are nearly absent in populations leading traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyles. Our study had 3 aims: 1) to define a new concept - healthy vascular aging (HVA); 2) to assess prevalence and correlates of HVA in a sample acculturated to a western life-style; and 3) to estimate the magnitude of cardiovascular (CVD) risk associated with HVA vs. absence of HVA. Methods: We studied 3197 Framingham Heart Study participants aged ≥50 years (62±9 years, 56% women) who underwent physical examination, interviews, and measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) in 1999-2008. We defined HVA as no hypertension (BP <140/90 mmHg without antihypertensive treatment) and PWV <7.6 m/s (equivalent to +2 SD above mean of non-hypertensive reference sample aged <30 years with no CVD risk factors). We used logistic regression models that included physical activity, caloric intake, and classical CVD factors as covariates to assess the correlates of HVA. For each participant, we constructed a cardiovascular health score based on presence vs. absence of 6 modifiable risk factors (cholesterol, plasma glucose, healthy diet score, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and smoking) defined as dichotomous variables according to the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 score (modified to exclude hypertension). We estimated odds ratios (OR) per 1-unit increase in cardiovascular health score for HVA. We used Cox regression models adjusted for classical CVD risk factors, including systolic BP, to assess the relationship between HVA and incident CVD events (CVD death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and unstable angina). Results: In our sample, only 566 (17.7%) had HVA. Lower age (OR per 1-SD increase 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.23), female sex (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.54-2.68), lower BMI (OR per 1-SD increase 0.54; 95% CI 0.47-0.63) and no diabetes (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02-0.36) were significantly associated with HVA. A 1-unit increase in the cardiovascular health score conferred 1.55-fold (95% CI 1.38-1.74) odds of HVA. During follow-up (median 9.6 years), 391 participants had CVD events. HVA was associated with an age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.22-0.60) and a multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.26-0.77) for CVD relative to absence of HVA. Conclusions: One in 6 individuals experiences HVA in our sample. Individuals with HVA are at a considerably low risk of CVD. Prevention strategies targeting modifiable factors and behaviors included in Life’s Simple 7 are important for preventing or delaying vascular aging and the associated risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Geographical profiles of cardiovascular risk and the risk factors in China: data from a nationwide population-based screening project

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q Wu ◽  
X Li ◽  
J.P Lu ◽  
B.W Chen ◽  
Y.C Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Food Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Activity Factor

Abstract Background In China, an abundance of cardiovascular risk factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which caused almost 4 million deaths per year. However, comprehensive evidence on the geographical profiles of cardiovascular disease risk in China is lacking, as findings in prior studies have been limited to relatively small sample sizes, had incomplete regional coverage, or focused on a narrow risk factor spectrum. Purpose To compare the population CVD risk among different regions across China, and to describe the geographical distributions of CVD risk factors and their clusters throughout the nation. Methods In a nationwide population-based screening project covering 252 counties of China, standardized measurements were conducted to collect information on 12 major CVD risk factors. Individuals of high CVD risk were identified as those with previous CVD, or with a predicted 10-year risk of CVD greater than 10% according to the WHO risk prediction charts. We applied factor analysis to generate “clusters” that characterized the clustering of these risk factors, then explored their relationship with the local ambient temperature and per capital GDP. Results Among 983476 participants included, 9.2% were of high CVD risk, with a range of 1.6% to 23.6% across counties. Among the seven regions in China, the rate was relatively high in the Northeast (11.8%) and North China (10.4%), while low in the South China (7.2%) and Northwest (7.8%). We identified 6 clusters underlying CVD risk factors, including Obesity factor, Blood pressure factor, Staple food factor, Non-staple food factor, Smoking and alcohol factor, and Metabolic and physical activity factor (Figure). We found high risk regions were facing different leading challenges, like obesity and blood pressure for the North China, while unhealthy non-staple food for the Northeast. The South China, as the region with the lowest CVD risk, still had the highest prevalence of unhealthy staple food. Lower annual average ambient temperature was associated with higher risk in Blood pressure factor, Obesity factor and Non-staple food factor, but lower risk in Staple food factor and Metabolic and physical activity factor (p&lt;0.001 for all), consistently between rural and urban. Higher per capital GDP was associated with lower risk in Non-staple food factor in urban and higher risk in Metabolic and physical activity factor in rural (p&lt;0.05 for both). The correlation between per capital GDP and Smoking and alcohol factor differed significantly between in rural and urban regions (p=0.042). Conclusions The geographical profile of CVD risk in China is complex - population risk levels varied substantially across regions, which were contributed by different risk factors. China needs geographically targeted intervention strategies considering environmental and socio-economic factors to control CVD risk and reduce the burden related to CVD. Geographical disparity of risk clusters Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science

Abstract P139: Association of Energy Flux with Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Weight Stable Individuals

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqiyyah Conway ◽  
Peter Giacobbi ◽  
Clemens Drenowatz ◽  
Stephen Blair ◽  
Gregory Hand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group Assignment

Background: It is generally accepted that body weight is maintained when there is energy balance between intake and expenditure. Energy balance can be achieved at different rates of expenditure through exercise and caloric intake which has been referred to as energy flux: high flux reflects high expenditure and high intake while low flux describes low energy expenditure and intake. Overweight, obesity, and diabetes are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and CVD risk factors tend to increase with hyperglycemia and BMI. Exercise is a viable way to achieve weight maintenance, however, there is limited data about the role of energy flux on CVD risk factors when individuals maintain their body weight. We investigated the effect of energy flux and change in energy flux on CVD risk factors in when body weight is maintained. Methods: One hundred and thirteen overweight or obese class I adults ages 21 to 45 were randomized to a control group, moderate exercise (17.5 kcal/kg/week) or high exercise group (35 kcal/kg/week). The exercise groups performed supervised exercise at and intensity of 70-75% of their heart rate maximum. Impaired fasting glucose was defined as a fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL. General linear models were used to test the relationship of exercise intensity and impaired fasting glucose on change in energy flux from baseline to six months, as well as the relationship of 6-month change in energy flux with change in CVD risk factors, namely, HDLc, LDLc, vLDLc, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and C-reactive protein. Results: Seventy-two percent of the population was overweight and 22% were obese. Mean change in energy flux from baseline to month six was 128.8 kcal/day. In multivariable analyses including age, sex, BMI, impaired fasting glucose, and energy expenditure group assignment, neither exercise group assignment nor baseline obesity status had any effect on change in energy flux, lipids, or inflammatory markers. Impaired fasting glucose was associated with a significantly greater increase in energy flux from baseline to six months (p=0.03). There was a stepwise change in C-reactive protein from baseline to six months, with a decrease (-2.46 mg/dL) in controls, a moderate increase (+0.32 mg/dL) in the moderate intensity exercise group and a larger increase (+0.82 mg/dL) in the very intensive exercise group, p= 0.03 for moderate intensity and p=0.02 for very intensive exercise groups compared to controls. Finally, increases in energy flux from baseline to six months were associated with increased ApoB (p=0.04), though there were no significant changes in energy flux by group assignment. Conclusion: Intensification of exercise and increases in energy flux while maintaining stable weight is associated with increases in certain cardiovascular risk factors, namely C-reactive protein and ApoB.

Physical activity less than the recommended amount may prevent the onset of major biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 198 919 adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martinez-Gomez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
Esther Lopez-Garcia ◽  
Esther García-Esquinas ◽  
Kabir P Sadarangani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia

ObjectivesWe examined the dose–response relationship between physical activity (PA) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults in Taiwan.MethodsThis study included 1 98 919 participants, aged 18–97 years, free of CVD, cancer and diabetes at baseline (1997–2013), who were followed until 2016. At baseline, participants were classified into five PA levels: inactive’ (0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week), ‘lower insufficiently active’ (0.1–3.75 MET-h/week), ‘upper insufficiently active’ (3.75–7.49 MET-h/week), ‘active’ (7.5–14.99 MET-h/week) and ‘highly active’ (≥15 MET-h/week]. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline and at follow-up by physical examination and laboratory tests. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for the main confounders.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 6.0±4.5 years (range 0.5–19 years), 20 447 individuals developed obesity, 19 619 hypertension, 21 592 hypercholesterolaemia, 14 164 atherogenic dyslipidaemia, 24 275 metabolic syndrome and 8548 type 2 diabetes. Compared with inactive participants, those in the upper insufficiently active (but not active) category had a lower risk of obesity (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95), atherogenic dyslipidaemia (0.96; 0.90 to 0.99), metabolic syndrome (0.95; 0.92 to 0.99) and type 2 diabetes (0.91; 0.86 to 0.97). Only highly active individuals showed a lower incidence of CVD risk factors than their upper insufficiently active counterparts.ConclusionCompared with being inactive, doing half the recommended amount of PA is associated with a lower incidence of several common biological CVD risk factors. Given these benefits, half the recommended amount of PA is an evidence based target for inactive adults.

Domestic Physical Activity in Relationship to Multiple CVD Risk Factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-327.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽  
Melvyn Hillsdon ◽  
Paola Primatesta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Mukhopadhay ◽  
Anindya Mukherjee ◽  
Dibbendhu Khanra ◽  
Biaus Samanta ◽  
Avik Karak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country. Aim To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India. Methods 433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio. Results 39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (β = 0.755) contributed the most. Conclusions High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.

Abstract 042: Accelerometer-measured Light Physical Activity is Heart Healthy in Older Women: The OPACH Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Z LaCroix ◽  
John Bellettiere ◽  
Eileen Rillamas-Sun ◽  
Kelly R Evenson ◽  
Chongzhi Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Morbidity Score ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: The longstanding, prevailing paradigm in physical activity (PA) research and US PA guidelines is that moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for at least 150 minutes/week, preferably in increments of at least 10 minutes, is needed to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. Because light physical activity (LPA; 1.1-<3 metabolic equivalents (METs)) is poorly measured by self-report, we know little about its association with CVD. Methods: Women’s Health Initiative participants in the OPACH Study (n=5861, mean age=78.5±6.7, 33.5% Black, 17.6% Hispanic) without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke wore accelerometers for up to 7 days and were followed for incident CVD for up to 4 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD and coronary heart disease (CHD) across awake wear time adjusted quartiles of MVPA and LPA. Fully adjusted models accounted for age, race-ethnicity, smoking, education, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, co-morbidity score, physical function, and self-rated health. We then examined the LPA association with CVD/CHD after adjustment for MVPA. Results: Higher levels of both LPA and MVPA were associated with reduced risks of CVD and CHD after adjusting for covariates (Table; p-trend <0.05, all). Women with the highest vs. lowest levels of MVPA had markedly reduced risks of CVD (31%) and CHD (50%). Women in the highest vs. lowest quartiles of LPA had 22% reduced risks of CVD and 39% reduced risks of CHD even after adjustment for many indicators of health status and CVD risk factors. The LPA association with CVD persisted after adjustment for MVPA (highest vs. lowest LPA quartile HR: 0.81 for CVD, p-trend=0.01; 0.74 for CHD, p-trend=0.04). Conclusions: LPA is associated with reduced risks of incident CVD and CHD in older women independent of health status indicators, CVD risk factors, and MVPA. Increasing levels of LPA is an achievable behavioral intervention for improving heart health in older women.

Modalities of physical activity and exercise in the management of cardiovascular health in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Dominique Hansen ◽  
Martin Halle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) are highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) via improvement of cardiovascular risk factors (CV RFs), such as blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, glycaemic control, body fat mass, and inflammation. In the first part of this chapter, we describe the currently observed effects of PA and exercise intervention on these RFs. In the second part, we explain which exercise modalities should be selected to optimize these CVD RFs, especially for those patients with multiple CVD RFs.

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