scholarly journals Geographical profiles of cardiovascular risk and the risk factors in China: data from a nationwide population-based screening project

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q Wu ◽  
X Li ◽  
J.P Lu ◽  
B.W Chen ◽  
Y.C Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Food Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Activity Factor

Abstract Background In China, an abundance of cardiovascular risk factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which caused almost 4 million deaths per year. However, comprehensive evidence on the geographical profiles of cardiovascular disease risk in China is lacking, as findings in prior studies have been limited to relatively small sample sizes, had incomplete regional coverage, or focused on a narrow risk factor spectrum. Purpose To compare the population CVD risk among different regions across China, and to describe the geographical distributions of CVD risk factors and their clusters throughout the nation. Methods In a nationwide population-based screening project covering 252 counties of China, standardized measurements were conducted to collect information on 12 major CVD risk factors. Individuals of high CVD risk were identified as those with previous CVD, or with a predicted 10-year risk of CVD greater than 10% according to the WHO risk prediction charts. We applied factor analysis to generate “clusters” that characterized the clustering of these risk factors, then explored their relationship with the local ambient temperature and per capital GDP. Results Among 983476 participants included, 9.2% were of high CVD risk, with a range of 1.6% to 23.6% across counties. Among the seven regions in China, the rate was relatively high in the Northeast (11.8%) and North China (10.4%), while low in the South China (7.2%) and Northwest (7.8%). We identified 6 clusters underlying CVD risk factors, including Obesity factor, Blood pressure factor, Staple food factor, Non-staple food factor, Smoking and alcohol factor, and Metabolic and physical activity factor (Figure). We found high risk regions were facing different leading challenges, like obesity and blood pressure for the North China, while unhealthy non-staple food for the Northeast. The South China, as the region with the lowest CVD risk, still had the highest prevalence of unhealthy staple food. Lower annual average ambient temperature was associated with higher risk in Blood pressure factor, Obesity factor and Non-staple food factor, but lower risk in Staple food factor and Metabolic and physical activity factor (p<0.001 for all), consistently between rural and urban. Higher per capital GDP was associated with lower risk in Non-staple food factor in urban and higher risk in Metabolic and physical activity factor in rural (p<0.05 for both). The correlation between per capital GDP and Smoking and alcohol factor differed significantly between in rural and urban regions (p=0.042). Conclusions The geographical profile of CVD risk in China is complex - population risk levels varied substantially across regions, which were contributed by different risk factors. China needs geographically targeted intervention strategies considering environmental and socio-economic factors to control CVD risk and reduce the burden related to CVD. Geographical disparity of risk clusters Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science

Abstract P156: Assessing the Effect of the Heart of New Ulm Project: a Population-Based Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbey C Sidebottom ◽  
Arthur Sillah ◽  
David M Vock ◽  
Michael M Miedema ◽  
Raquel Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Matched Control Population

Background: Despite a highly recognized priority for public health and healthcare to implement population-level strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), limited evidence exists on the most effective strategies. Data collection and evaluation of large scale, community based-prevention programs can be challenging and costly to achieve. The Heart of New Ulm (HONU) Project, begun in 2009, is a population-based initiative with healthcare, community, and workplace interventions addressing multiple levels of the social-ecological model designed to reduce modifiable CVD risk factors in rural New Ulm, MN. The community is served by one health system, enabling the use of electronic health record (EHR) data for surveillance. Objective: To assess trends for CVD risk factors, events, and healthcare utilization for New Ulm residents compared to a matched control population. Methods: We matched New Ulm residents (n = 4,077) with controls (n = 4,077) from a regional community served by the same health system using refined covariate balance techniques to match on baseline demographics, CVD risk factors, and health care utilization. Mixed effects longitudinal models with adjustment for age and gender, and an interaction for time by community, were run. Model based estimates were constructed for the entire cohort at each time period. Results: Over the first 6 years of the HONU Project,blood pressure, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were managed better in New Ulm than the matched comparison community. The proportion of New Ulm residents with controlled blood pressure increased by 6.2 percentage points while the control group increased by 2 points. 10-year ASCVD risk scores showed less decline for New Ulm residents than controls (16 vs. 18.4). The intervention and control groups did not differ with regard to inpatient stays, CVD events, smoking, or glucose. Conclusions: Compared to a matched control population, we found improved control of CVD risk factors in the New Ulm Population exposed to the HONU Project.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a 10-week lifestyle and weight management programme on cardiovascular disease risk factors in a group of people living with obesity referred from a specialist bariatric clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Harris ◽  
D Keegan ◽  
S Seery ◽  
D Dunne ◽  
Z Mc Crudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Factor Reduction

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Health Service Executive Health and Wellbeing, Saolta University Healthcare Group OnBehalf Croí the West of Ireland Cardiac Foundation, Galway, Ireland and the National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health Introduction People living with obesity are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While development of obesity is multifactorial, lifestyle modification is fundamental to obesity treatment and risk factor reduction. We sought to measure the effects of a structured lifestyle modification programme on the physical and mental health of people living with obesity. Purpose This study investigated the impact of a 10-week, community based, lifestyle modification programme on CVD risk factors in people living with obesity (BMI ≥35kg/m2 with a co-morbidity or BMI ≥40kg/m2) who were referred from a specialist bariatric service. Methods Delivered by an interdisciplinary team (Nurse, Dietitian & Physiotherapist) the programme included weekly group-based exercise sessions and health promotion workshops. A wide range of topics were addressed in workshops, including nutrition, food labels, emotional eating, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, stress management and CVD risk factor reduction. Outcomes were measured at initial and end of programme assessments. Results 1122 people participated in the intervention between 2013 and 2019 with 78% (n = 877) completing the programme. At initial assessment 26.7% of participants had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes; 37.3% were at high or very high risk of CVD; 44.7% were hypertensive and 31.4% had a history of depression. Mean BMI was 47.0kg/m2 with 56.4% of participants having a BMI >45kg/m2. The intervention had significant positive impacts on key outcomes such as psychosocial health, lipid profiles, blood pressure, adiposity and cardiovascular fitness. One of the most significant outcomes observed was the improvement in psycho-social health. Scores of anxiety and depression, assessed using the HADS, decreased by 1.5 and 2.2 points respectively (p <0.001). Mean EQ-VAS score increased by 11 points (p <0.001). There were significant changes in total cholesterol levels with a mean reduction in total cholesterol from 4.69mmol/l to 4.54mmol/l (p <0.001) and LDL cholesterol from 2.79mmol/l to 2.64mmol/l (p <0.001). There were also significant improvements in blood pressure with mean systolic blood pressure reducing by 15.7mmHg (p <0.001) and diastolic blood pressure reducing by 1.4mmHg (p <0.001). For people with type 2 diabetes, there was an increase in those achieving the recommended HbA1c target (<53mmol/l) from 47.6% to 57.4% (p <0.001). Mean reduction in bodyweight was 2.0kg (p <0.001), with 27.2% achieving a weight loss of >3% of initial bodyweight. The percentage of participants achieving the recommended physical activity guidelines increased by 31% (p <0.001). Conclusions A lifestyle modification programme delivered by an interdisciplinary team, aimed at individuals living with obesity, is not only acceptable to participants but also significantly reduces CVD risk factors. These findings should influence the design of future programmes and healthcare policies in Ireland and abroad.

Blood pressure risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women: physical activity and hormone replacement

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 652-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith T. Stevenson ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Pamela P. Jones ◽  
Christopher A. Desouza ◽  
and Douglas R. Seals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Physically Active

Stevenson, Edith T., Kevin P. Davy, Pamela P. Jones, Christopher A. Desouza, and Douglas R. Seals. Blood pressure risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women: physical activity and hormone replacement. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 652–660, 1997.—The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases with advancing age in women, particularly after menopause. CVD risk is lower in physically active women relative to their sedentary peers, but the responsible mechanisms are not well understood. The aims of this study were to test the hypotheses that 1) physically active postmenopausal women demonstrate more favorable blood pressure (BP)-related risk factors for CVD than do sedentary healthy women and 2) women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) also have more favorable levels of these CVD risk factors. BP-related CVD risk factors were measured in physically active women ( n = 18; age 55 ± 1 yr; n = 8 on HRT) and in healthy less-active controls ( n = 34; age 59 ± 1 yr; n = 17 on HRT). Maximal oxygen consumption was higher in the active group, whereas waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference were lower (all P < 0.005). The active women demonstrated marginally lower (5–8 mmHg; P ≤ 0.10) levels of casual, 24-h, and daytime systolic BP (SBP). They also tended to have lower ( P = 0.11) daytime SBP loads (percentage of BP recordings >140/90 mmHg) and lower daytime and nighttime BP variabilities ( P = 0.04) and a reduced ( P < 0.007) SBP response to submaximal exercise. Women on HRT tended to have lower (3–4 mmHg; P = 0.07) levels of 24-h and nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) relative to the nonusers and smaller ( P < 0.04) daytime and 24-h DBP loads. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that waist circumference was the primary predictor of most of the SBP-related CVD risk factors while HRT use was the best predictor for DBP loads. These findings indicate that, in general, physically active postmenopausal women demonstrate more favorable SBP-related CVD risk factors relative to their less-active healthy peers, which may be mediated, in part, by their lower levels of abdominal adiposity. In addition, HRT use tends to be associated with lower levels of DBP-related CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals Effects of Training and Detraining on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Patterns, Cardiovascular Variables, and HRQoL after 3 Health-Promotion Interventions in Institutionalized Elders

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Lobo ◽  
Joana Carvalho ◽  
Paula Santos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of different strategies of health on the levels of physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF), cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and quality of life (QoL) of the institutionalized elderly. Concurrently studies were made of the effect of detraining on these same variables. In this investigation we carried out a prospective longitudinal study with an experimental design, with 1 year plus 3 months of a detraining period. Methodology. (a) A questionnaire with socio-demographic characteristics and a QoL scale (MOS SF-36); (b) Functional Fitness Test to assess PF; (c) An MTI Actigraph to evaluate the PA; (d) Biochemical analysis of blood, blood pressure and bio-impedance. The Main Results Indicated That: (i) ST significantly improved strength and body flexibility and AT the aerobic endurance, agility/dynamic balance and lower strength and flexibility; (ii) Implications of detraining were more evident on the PA groups in the lower body flexibility, which is associated with agility/dynamic balance and lower strength in the AT group; (iii) Cardiovascular variables improved significantly especially blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose in the ST and HDL in the AT group; not having undergone significant changes with the detraining. The results of this thesis contribute positively to highlight the importance of PA in the promotion of health, prevention and reduction of CVD risk factors and the improvement of the PF and QoL.

Abstract P355: Variable associations of dehydroepiandrosterone with cardiovascular risk factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monik C Jimenez ◽  
Kathrine Tucker ◽  
Fatima Rodriguez ◽  
James B Meigs ◽  
Lenny Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Low blood levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) have been shown to have strong positive associations with diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and stroke. However, the underlying pathways remain unclear, given limited data to systematically examine associations of DHEAS with CVD risk. In exploratory analyses we tested the association between CVD risk factors and DHEAS levels in a large population of Latinos. Methods: Among 1,450 participants in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study between the ages of 45-75 years at baseline, socio-demographic, behavior, medical history, anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected at in-home interviews conducted by trained staff. A certified phlebotomist collected fasting blood samples. All samples were assayed for DHEAS, lipids, and C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, insulin and glucose (GL). Spearman correlations were estimated between DHEAS and continuous CVD risk factors (lipids, systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP], CRP, GL, HbA1c, insulin, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, physical activity and alcohol consumptions). We used robust multivariable linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders and intermediates with α=0.05 to estimate the association selected CVD risk factors and DHEAS levels. CVD risk factors were identified from a set of potential candidate predictors (age, female gender, history of heart disease, diabetes status, SBP, DBP, total and high density cholesterol [TC, HDL], triglycerides [TG], GL, CRP) using stepwise linear regression with an entry criterion of α=0.20 and exit criterion of α=0.10. Results: The mean DHEAS concentration among women was 70.7 μg/dL (s.d. 53.9; median=70.7) and among men was 119 μg/dL (s.d. 87.7; median=100). In age and sex adjusted Spearman correlations, TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, physical activity and alcohol were positively significantly correlated with DHEAS, while BMI and waist circumference were inversely correlated. In robust multivariable linear regression adjusted for potential confounders, age (-8.3; 95%CI:-10.0,-6.5; per 5 yrs), sex (β=-32.5; 95%CI:-38.4,-26.6) and TG (β=-0.5; 95%CI:-0.7,-0.2; per 10 mg/dl) were significantly inversely associated with DHEAS concentration, while TC (β=0.9; 95%CI:0.2,1.6;per 10 mg/dL) and GL (β=0.7; 95%CI:0.2, 1.2;per 10 mg/dL) were positively associated, albeit non-statistically significant. Adjustment for history of CVD, diabetes and BMI, only marginally attenuated these associations. Conclusions: Our data provide support for a significant association between TG levels and DHEAS concentrations even after adjustment for potential confounders and intermediates, which has been previously untested. These results suggest that DHEAS may work through lipid pathways.

scholarly journals Dietary fat Intake Had a Different Influence on Body Mass Index in Active and Inactive Subjects: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriella Pereira Alves ◽  
Mário Flávio Cardoso Lima ◽  
Maria Sebastiana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

The understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and their association with food and physical activity is not yet completely clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CVD risk factors with dietary intake, according to the physical activity level. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Brazilian individuals attended by the Public Health System. Demographic, blood pressure, physical activity practice, anthropometry and food intake data were collected and evaluated. Of the 83 participants, 61.4% were active. No difference were observed in the frequency of CVD risk factors, anthropometric data, blood pressure, estimated energy requirement, energy and nutrient intake between the active and inactive subjects (p ≥ .05). There was also no difference in the frequency of energy and nutrient intake adequacy between groups (p ≥ .05). Among the inactive subjects, it was found that the consumption of total (OR: 1.021, p = .035) and saturated (OR: 1.060, p = .033) fat was predictor of being overweight, with no relationship between food intake and the risk factors for CVD when the total participants or active individuals were considered (p ≥ .05). No difference was observed in the frequency of CVD risk factors between active and inactive individuals, however, total and saturated fat consumption increased the chance of being overweight among the inactive individuals. Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases. Food Consumption. Exercise. Body Weight. Health Systems. Resumo O conhecimento da associação entre os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares com a alimentação e atividade física ainda não está totalmente elucidada. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre os fatores de risco cardiovascular e o consumo alimentar, segundo o nível de atividade física. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com individuos brasileiros atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram coletados e avaliados dados demográficos, pressão arterial, prática de atividade física, antropometría e consumo alimentar. Dos 83 participantes, 61,4% eram ativos. Não foi observado diferença na frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, dados antropométricos, pressão arterial, estimativa da necessidade energética, consumo de energía e nutrientes entre os individuos ativos e inativos (p ≥ 0,05). Também não houve diferença na frequência de adequação no consumo de energia e nutrientes entre os grupos (p ≥ 0,05). Entre os participantes inativos, observou-se que o consumo de gordura total (OR: 1,021; p = 0,035) e saturada (OR: 1,060; p = 0,033) foram preditores do sobrepeso, sem relação entre o consumo alimentar e os fatores de risco cardiovascular quando se considerou todos os participantes ou apenas os indivíduos ativos (p ≥ 0,05). Não foi observado diferença na frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular entre os sujeitos ativos e inativos, entretanto o consumo de gordura total e saturada aumentou a chance de sobrepeso entre os indivíduos inativos. Palavras-chave: Doenças Cardiovasculares. Consumo de Alimentos. Exercício Físico. Peso Corporal. Sistemas de Saúde.

scholarly journals Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Ivar Bekkelund
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Abstract Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

scholarly journals Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghaedi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Hamed Mohammadi ◽  
Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie ◽  
Janmohamad Malekzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACTThere is some evidence supporting the beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This diet advises consuming lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and avoiding intake of grains, dairy products, processed foods, and added sugar and salt. This study was performed to assess the effects of a PD on CVD risk factors including anthropometric indexes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers using data from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to August 2018. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size. Meta-analysis of 8 eligible studies revealed that a PD significantly reduced body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.68 kg; 95% CI: −2.86, −0.49 kg], waist circumference (WMD = −2.72 cm; 95% CI: −4.04, −1.40 cm), BMI (in kg/m2) (WMD = −1.54; 95% CI: −2.22, −0.87), body fat percentage (WMD = −1.31%; 95% CI: −2.06%, −0.57%), systolic (WMD = −4.75 mm Hg; 95% CI: −7.54, −1.96 mm Hg) and diastolic (WMD = −3.23 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.77, −1.69 mm Hg) blood pressure, and circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.04 mmol/L), triglycerides (WMD = −0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.06 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (WMD = −0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.01 mmol/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = −0.48 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.16 mg/L) and also significantly increased HDL cholesterol (WMD = 0.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11 mmol/L). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of a PD on lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, and circulating CRP concentrations were sensitive to removing some studies and to the correlation coefficients, hence the results must be interpreted with caution. Although the present meta-analysis revealed that a PD has favorable effects on CVD risk factors, the evidence is not conclusive and more well-designed trials are still needed.

Abstract P052: Circulating Natural Killer Cells and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy S Jenny ◽  
Nels C Olson ◽  
Alicia M Ellis ◽  
Margaret F Doyle ◽  
Sally A Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Agatston Score ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction: Clinically, natural killer (NK) cells are important in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As part of innate immunity, NK cells produce chemokines and inflammatory cytokines, potentially linking them to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development and progression as well. However, their role in human CVD is not clear. Hypothesis: NK cells are proatherogenic in humans and are associated with CVD risk factors and subclinical CVD measures. Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations of circulating NK cell levels with CVD risk factors, subclinical CVD measures and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in 891 White, Black, Chinese and Hispanic men and women (mean age 66 y) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at Exam 4 (2005-07). NK cell percent, percent of circulating lymphocytes that were CD3 - CD56 + CD16 + , was measured in whole blood by flow cytometry. CAC presence was defined as Agatston score > 0. Results: Mean (standard deviation) NK percent differed by race/ethnicity; 8.2% (4.7) in Whites, 11.3% (7.5) in Chinese (p<0.001 compared to Whites), 7.1 (4.2) in Blacks (p=0.007) and 8.4 (5.2) in Hispanics (p=0.6). NK cell percent was positively associated with age (p<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.003) in the full group. However, NK cell percent was lower in current smokers than in never smokers (p=0.002). Adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia, NK cell percent was negatively associated with common carotid intima media thickness (IMT; β coefficient -0.01; 95% confidence interval -0.03, -0.003) but was not associated with internal carotid IMT (-0.002; -0.037, 0.033). Likewise, NK cell percent was not associated with the presence of CAC (compared those with no detectable CAC; relative risk 1.02; 95% confidence interval 0.96, 1.08) or continuous Agatston score in those with a positive score (β coefficient 0.16, 95% confidence interval -0.003, 0.32) in the full group (models adjusted as above). Results were similar across race/ethnic groups. Conclusions: Of clinical interest, CD3 - CD56 + CD16 + NK cell percent varied significantly by race/ethnicity in these men and women from MESA. However, NK cell percent was inconsistently associated with CVD risk factors; positively with age and systolic blood pressure, and negatively with smoking. NK cell percent was also negatively associated with common carotid IMT. Larger sample sizes and longitudinal analyses will be required to clarify the potential relationship between NK cells and atherosclerosis in humans.

Physical activity less than the recommended amount may prevent the onset of major biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 198 919 adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martinez-Gomez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
Esther Lopez-Garcia ◽  
Esther García-Esquinas ◽  
Kabir P Sadarangani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia

ObjectivesWe examined the dose–response relationship between physical activity (PA) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults in Taiwan.MethodsThis study included 1 98 919 participants, aged 18–97 years, free of CVD, cancer and diabetes at baseline (1997–2013), who were followed until 2016. At baseline, participants were classified into five PA levels: inactive’ (0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week), ‘lower insufficiently active’ (0.1–3.75 MET-h/week), ‘upper insufficiently active’ (3.75–7.49 MET-h/week), ‘active’ (7.5–14.99 MET-h/week) and ‘highly active’ (≥15 MET-h/week]. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline and at follow-up by physical examination and laboratory tests. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for the main confounders.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 6.0±4.5 years (range 0.5–19 years), 20 447 individuals developed obesity, 19 619 hypertension, 21 592 hypercholesterolaemia, 14 164 atherogenic dyslipidaemia, 24 275 metabolic syndrome and 8548 type 2 diabetes. Compared with inactive participants, those in the upper insufficiently active (but not active) category had a lower risk of obesity (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95), atherogenic dyslipidaemia (0.96; 0.90 to 0.99), metabolic syndrome (0.95; 0.92 to 0.99) and type 2 diabetes (0.91; 0.86 to 0.97). Only highly active individuals showed a lower incidence of CVD risk factors than their upper insufficiently active counterparts.ConclusionCompared with being inactive, doing half the recommended amount of PA is associated with a lower incidence of several common biological CVD risk factors. Given these benefits, half the recommended amount of PA is an evidence based target for inactive adults.

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