scholarly journals Glacial Isostatic Adjustment of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin: Using the Empirical Record of Strandline Deformation for Reconstruction of Early Holocene Paleo-Lakes and Discovery of a Hydrologically Closed Phase*

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Michael Lewis ◽  
Steve M. Blasco ◽  
Pierre L. Gareau
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Abstract In the Great Lakes region, the vertical motion of crustal rebound since the last glaciation has decelerated with time, and is described by exponential decay constrained by observed warping of strandlines of former lakes. A composite isostatic response surface relative to an area southwest of Lake Michigan beyond the limit of the last glacial maximum was prepared for the complete Great Lakes watershed at 10.6 ka BP (12.6 cal ka BP). Uplift of sites computed using values from the response surface facilitated the transformation of a digital elevation model of the present Great Lakes basins to represent the paleogeography of the watershed at selected times. Similarly, the original elevations of radiocarbon-dated geomorphic and stratigraphic indicators of former lake levels were reconstructed and plotted against age to define lake level history. A comparison with the independently computed basin outlet paleo-elevations reveals a phase of severely reduced water levels and hydrologically-closed lakes below overflow outlets between 7.9 and 7.0 ka BP (8.7 and 7.8 cal ka BP) in the Huron-Michigan basin. Severe evaporative draw-down is postulated to result from the early Holocene dry climate when inflows of meltwater from the upstream Agassiz basin began to bypass the upper Great Lakes basin.

scholarly journals Establishment of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems for Ecological Restoration in the Great Lakes Basin, USA. I. Genotype × Environment Interactions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Zalesny ◽  
Andrej Pilipović ◽  
Elizabeth R. Rogers ◽  
Joel G. Burken ◽  
Richard A. Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Soil

Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phyto-recurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal health. Mean first-, second-, and third-year volume ranged from 71 ± 26 to 132 ± 39 cm3; 1440 ± 575 to 5765 ± 1132 cm3; and 8826 ± 2646 to 10,530 ± 2110 cm3, respectively. Fourth-year mean annual increment of 2017 buffer group trees ranged from 1.1 ± 0.7 to 7.8 ± 0.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1. We identified generalist varieties with superior establishment across a broad range of buffers (‘DM114’, ‘NC14106’, ‘99038022’, ‘99059016’) and specialist clones uniquely adapted to local soil and climate conditions (‘7300502’, ‘DN5’, ‘DN34’, ‘DN177’, ‘NM2’, ‘NM5’, ‘NM6’). Using generalists and specialists enhances the potential for phytoremediation best management practices that are geographically robust, being regionally designed yet globally relevant.

Paleohydrology of the upper Laurentian Great Lakes from the late glacial to early Holocene

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Breckenridge ◽  
Thomas C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Freshwater Fluxes

AbstractBetween 10,500 and 9000 cal yr BP, δ18O values of benthic ostracodes within glaciolacustrine varves from Lake Superior range from − 18 to − 22‰ PDB. In contrast, coeval ostracode and bivalve records from the Lake Huron and Lake Michigan basins are characterized by extreme δ18O variations, ranging from values that reflect a source that is primarily glacial (∼ − 20‰ PDB) to much higher values characteristic of a regional meteoric source (∼ − 5‰ PDB). Re-evaluated age models for the Huron and Michigan records yield a more consistent δ18O stratigraphy. The striking feature of these records is a sharp drop in δ18O values between 9400 and 9000 cal yr BP. In the Huron basin, this low δ18O excursion was ascribed to the late Stanley lowstand, and in the Lake Michigan basin to Lake Agassiz flooding. Catastrophic flooding from Lake Agassiz is likely, but a second possibility is that the low δ18O excursion records the switching of overflow from the Lake Superior basin from an undocumented northern outlet back into the Great Lakes basin. Quantifying freshwater fluxes for this system remains difficult because the benthic ostracodes in the glaciolacustrine varves of Lake Superior and Lake Agassiz may not record the average δ18O value of surface water.

scholarly journals New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Kulp ◽  
Benjamin H. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Global Mean Sea Level ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract Most estimates of global mean sea-level rise this century fall below 2 m. This quantity is comparable to the positive vertical bias of the principle digital elevation model (DEM) used to assess global and national population exposures to extreme coastal water levels, NASA’s SRTM. CoastalDEM is a new DEM utilizing neural networks to reduce SRTM error. Here we show – employing CoastalDEM—that 190 M people (150–250 M, 90% CI) currently occupy global land below projected high tide lines for 2100 under low carbon emissions, up from 110 M today, for a median increase of 80 M. These figures triple SRTM-based values. Under high emissions, CoastalDEM indicates up to 630 M people live on land below projected annual flood levels for 2100, and up to 340 M for mid-century, versus roughly 250 M at present. We estimate one billion people now occupy land less than 10 m above current high tide lines, including 230 M below 1 m.

Some implications of crustal movement in engineering planning

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Clark ◽  
N. P. Persoage
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Crustal Movement ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Movements of the earth's crust causing progressive changes in the levels of large bodies of water relative to their shorelines may influence the formulation of water resource projects and/or their continuing effectiveness with time. In the Great Lakes basin there is evidence of an uplift of the earth's crust, of about 1 ft per 100 y, in the northeasterly part of the basin relative to that in the southwest. This results in a corresponding lowering of water levels along the northeasterly shorelines and a rise in water levels along the southwest shores. In at least two of the lakes, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario, the average depth of water will change with time. In Lake Huron, it will gradually decrease because the bed underlying the lake is rising with respect to the lake outlet. In Lake Ontario, the depth of water will increase since the lake outlet is rising with respect to the remainder of the lake. This paper reviews some of the engineering implications of the relative rates of crustal movement in the Great Lakes region on long-term management of the water levels of the Great Lakes.

scholarly journals Visualizations of the Doblar Accumulation Basin Based on the UAV Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski ◽  
Gašper Štebe ◽  
Dušan Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Elevation Model

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Our research is based on a large case study of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys, modelling and visualizations of the Doblar accumulation basin. The various approaches for UAV surveying of large, demanding terrain configurations, and the benefits of surveying products used as a basis for other interdisciplinary hydrological and environmental services were researched. The demanding mountainous terrain, the steep slopes and deep and narrow streams required detailed pre-planning of the survey, including the pre-survey terrain overview. The accumulation basin was emptied merely for a short period; thus, the survey was performed in unfavourable weather conditions, which included coldness, snowfall and wind. Point clouds were generated and georeferenced from the 4377 recorded photos. The dense point cloud contained approximately 222 million points in the medium setting and more than a billion in the high setting. A 3D model was built from the data. This became the basis for numerous further analyses and for the presentation using cartographic principles: a digital elevation model with a resolution of 10&amp;thinsp;cm, an orthophoto with a resolution of 10&amp;thinsp;cm, a 3D model draped with orthophoto, contour lines with a 1&amp;thinsp;m interval, topographic profiles, calculations of volumes at different water levels, a flythrough, augmented reality and a video simulation of the water level changes. The model can also serve as a basis for hydraulic and environmental analysis and simulations or used for analyses of the accumulation and deposition of river material compared with previous and future surveys.</p>

Tumor Frequencies in Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) and Sediment Contaminants in Tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1804-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Baumann ◽  
Michael J. Mac ◽  
Stephen B. Smith ◽  
John C. Harshbarger
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Liver Neoplasms ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Brown Bullhead ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus

To better characterize neoplasm epizootics in the Great Lakes basin and their association with families of contaminants, we sampled five locations: the Fox and Menominee rivers, Lake Michigan; Munuscong Lake, St. Mary's River; and the Black and Cuyahoga rivers, Lake Erie. Frequencies of external and liver tumors were determined for brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) from all locations except the Black River and for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from the Lake Michigan and St. Mary's River sites. Sediment samples were analyzed for metals, polychlorinated aromatics, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Liver neoplasms occurred in brown bullhead from the Cuyahoga River and Munuscong Lake; brown bullhead captured from Munuscong Lake were older than those collected from the other locations. Brown bullhead from these same two rivers had elevated hepatosomatic indexes. No liver neoplasms were found in brown bullhead from the Fox and Menominee rivers, although polychlorinated aromatics were highest in both Fox River sediment and Fox and Menominee brown bullhead, and arsenic was highest in Menominee River sediment and fish. Liver neoplasms in brown bullhead from the Cuyahoga River fit the prevailing hypothesis that elevated PAH in sediment can induce cancer in wild fish. The cause of the liver neoplasms in Munuscong Lake brown bullhead is undetermined.

A Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Elkwater Lake, Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dion J. Wiseman ◽  
Garry L. Running ◽  
Andrea Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
The West ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractCores retrieved from two slump blocks at the west end of Elkwater Lake, Alberta were used to determine which of two mass wasting events was responsible for impounding the lake and to establish a maximum age of lake formation. A high resolution Digital Elevation Model of the study area was used to estimate the volume of material involved in each mass wasting event, recreate pre-slump topographic conditions, determine the probable extent and elevation of the lake at different periods in time, and evaluate the viability of alternative outlets. Results suggest that the lake formed no more than 9440 BP as a result of impoundment by the eastern slump block. The lake rose to its highest mid-Holocene elevation prior to 7245 BP, establishing an outlet through Feleski Creek 3.5 km northeast of the present shoreline. Lake levels then dropped during the comparatively dry Altithermal, concurrent with a period of rapid sediment influx and the development of the alluvial fan on which the Stampede site is located. As water levels rose during the late Holocene, and with the former outlet cut off by progradation of the alluvial fan, Elkwater Lake established its present outlet though Ross Creek.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF LONGSHORE BARS IN THE GREAT LAKES

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Saylor ◽  
Edward B. Hands
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Sediment Properties ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
The Stability

Longshore bars are permanent features of nearshore bathymetry along the windward coasts of the Great Lakes The stability and permanency of these features have been noted by numerous investigators, but movements of the bars and troughs vn relation to varying lake levels and incident wave energies are not fully understood Studies of nearshore bathymetry and sediment properties were conducted during 1967 and 1969 along a forty-five kilometer reach of the eastern coast of Lake Michigan Results show that the offshore bars migrate significantly due to changes in lake level, a rise of one-half meter in the surface of Lake Michigan between 1967 and 1969 was accompanied by a shoreward movement of bar crests and troughs over a distance averaging SO meters Elevations of the crests and troughs are also built upward toward new equiblibrium levels during rising water levels, but elevating of the crests lags the increase in stage Extensive shore erosion occurs because of the reduced effectiveness of longshore bars in dissipating incident wave energy The average crest depth was found to increase linearly in the offshore direction Average distances between crests increase exponentially These relationships are preserved during the bar growth and shifting that accompanies long term changes in lake level Bar troughs are characteristically crescent shaped, with no abrupt changes in slope Fathograms from several ranges show atypical trough configurations consisting of flat bottoms with discontinuities in slope on ascent to adoacent crests This unusual trough shape is indicative of an immobile stratum exposed along the bottom of the trough.

Holocene coastal morphologies and shoreline reconstruction for the southwestern coast of the Bohai Sea, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxia Liu ◽  
Haijun Huang ◽  
Yali Qi ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Xiguang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractGround-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection profiles were interpreted and combined with sedimentological data to highlight the morpho-evolutionary history of the southwestern sector of the Bohai Sea. The internal structures in GPR images obtained near the Holocene maximum transgression boundary revealed concave-upward and onlap types of transgressive paleotopography. The relationship between historical courses of the Yellow River and the distribution of shell ridges at three periods (6 ka, 2 ka, and recent times) showed that the concave-upward types derived from the marine sediments overlap the fluvial sediments, and the onlap types from the marine sediments cover the coastal lagoon sediments. Based on the above paleogeographical setting, previous sea-level markers were corrected, taking into account uncertainties of their relationship to former water levels. The rates of vertical tectonic displacement, evaluated through comparison of the relative sea level (RSL) data from the GPR images and the Holocene predicted sea-level elevation, markedly affected RSL changes. The fitted RSL curves from the corrected sea-level indicators showed that the accuracy of former sea-level determinations can be improved by comparing with the maximum transgressive position of GPR detection. A topographic digital elevation model (DEM) for 6 ka is reconstructed based on the corrected data.

scholarly journals Productivity of Osprey, Pandion haliaetus, Nesting on Natural and Artificial Structures in the Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, 1991-2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Martin ◽  
Shane R. De Solla ◽  
Peter J. Ewins ◽  
Michael E. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
South Central ◽  
Utility Poles ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) declined throughout the Great Lakes basin during the 1950s to 1970s due to usage of organochlorine pesticides. Following the banning of DDT in 1972, artificial elevated nest structures were erected in the Kawartha Lakes region of south-central Ontario to aid in their recovery. As the population grew, large stumps of flooded trees, < 1 m above the surface of the water became important nesting sites, despite their propensity to flood in turbulent weather conditions. We compared the productivity of Ospreys among nest substrates and longevity of the nests in this area from 1991 to 2001. Of 260 individual nesting attempts made over the 11 years, 57% used man-made structures, primarily either quadrupod nesting platforms or utility poles. Of nests on natural substrates, stump nests accounted for 37% of total nesting attempts; elevated tree nests were relatively uncommon (6%). Productivity of stump nests was significantly greater than that of artificial or tree nests (1.48 versus 1.16 and 0.73 chicks produced per occupied nest, respectively). Nevertheless, survivorship of stump nests was less than that of platform nests after 3 years of age, as high water levels, storms or winter ice activity destroyed some of these low nests between breeding seasons. Ospreys were able to attain greater productivity in these stump nests than on man-made nesting substrates.

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