scholarly journals Clearing the Smoke to See the Screen: Ideological Manipulation in Audiovisual Translation

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Díaz Cintas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Audiovisual Translation ◽  
Ideological Manipulation ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Cultural Turn

In this article, a critical and methodological approach is offered concerning the subject of manipulation and translation in the realm of the audiovisual. Taking the potentialities unleashed by the cultural turn in Translation Studies as a starting point, the paper first provides an overview of the main hurdles and issues at stake when adopting a line of enquiry centred around the realisation that the way in which cultural values are translated depends not only on linguistic asymmetries between languages but also on fundamental decisions based on power, dominance, and ideology. As part of a debate that could prove fruitful in the world of audiovisual translation (AVT), the concept of manipulation is discussed in detail and a distinction between technical and ideological manipulation is put forward. After considering the special case of censorship and some of the new developments in the use of subtitling as a tool for local empowerment, it is suggested that the boundaries of research into AVT should be pushed beyond its traditionally parochial linguistic sphere by focussing more on unmasking the rationale behind ideologically motivated changes and by contextualising them within a wider socio-cultural environment.

scholarly journals A Methodological Approach to Arabic Literature in the Following of Western Literature Theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-86
Author(s):  
Hasan Harmancı
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Psychoanalytic Literature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Era

The concept of methodology, which we can meet with usûl or process, is the only element that provides the emergence of scientific research in a way that constitutes the starting point. It is certain that the concept of methodology, which has been the subject of discussion in both eastern and western works since ancient times, needs much more to be exam-ined in an age where we are confused in theory and practice as the Is-lamic world. The factor that reveals the subject of confusion is un-doubtedly the inevitable rise of the West and the reflection of this pro-gress on the world of social sciences / science in non-western societies. One other thing that should be the work of the modern era in the study of methodological problems encountered only said Turkey and the Ar-ab academia / non-Western literature is not in the world to emerge as a common problem in all of civilization. Academic books which are re-lated to the modern era in Arab Literature in Turkey this research, the-ses and studies in the article type of course is held primarily a screen-ing method and examined in terms of literary terminological; Then, the literary terms used in these studies, the methods of literary criticism based on, and the historical background that reveals these methods are tried to be given. Concepts such as Realism, Psychoanalytic Literature, Marxist Literary Theory - Socialist Realism, Romanticism, Nationalism and National Literature used in academic studies prepared in the field of Arabic Lit-erature will be discussed.

History and Theory in Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Barnard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post Colonialism ◽  
New Generation ◽  
History And Theory

In the past twenty years, there have been exciting new developments in the field of anthropology. This second edition of Barnard's classic textbook on the history and theory of anthropology has been revised and expanded to include up-to-date coverage on all the most important topics in the field. Its coverage ranges from traditional topics like the beginnings of the subject, evolutionism, functionalism, structuralism, and Marxism, to ideas about globalization, post-colonialism, and notions of 'race' and of being 'indigenous'. There are several new chapters, along with an extensive glossary, index, dates of birth and death, and award-winning diagrams. Although anthropology is often dominated by trends in Europe and North America, this edition makes plain the contributions of trendsetters in the rest of the world too. With its comprehensive yet clear coverage of concepts, this is essential reading for a new generation of anthropology students.

The Aspects of Latvian Traditional Culture and Multiculturalism in the Acquiring of Textile Technologies

2013 ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Māra Urdziņa-Deruma ◽  
Lolita Šelvaha ◽  
Mārīte Kokina-Lilo
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Home Economics ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
The Subject

Under development of globalization, there is an essential question in each field of education regarding balance of traditional Latvian cultural values and multiculturalism. Despite plenty of activities performed in Latvia in the field of multicultural education, in the subject of home economics and technologies the multicultural education has mostly appeared as bilingual education in national minority schools. There are many opportunities in multicultural education and Latvian traditional culture that have not been used in the acquisition of home economics and technologies. The aim of this research is to evaluate the educational opportunities of Latvian traditional culture and multicultural education during the process of mastering textile technologies. In the article conception of Latvian traditional culture and multicultural education is analysed and its determinative aspects are examined. A case study has been performed in order to analyse and evaluate the content of textile study course and the learning process as well as students’ concluding tasks regarding teaching methodology of textile and textile articles made by pupils within the frame of State Olympiad of household, home economics and technologies called “Ethnography”. In all courses designed for the prospective teachers of home economics and technologies as well as household elements of traditional and multicultural education are included. When acquiring traditional culture, textile techniques, forms and elements of composition, teaching of colours and materials, very often comparisons, illustrations and explanations in terms of traditional culture of other nations are used for comprehension of the subject. Specific tasks are made for acquiring culture of Latvia and other nations. Students make copies of fragments of completed articles and learn the technologies of making traditional articles. Several students in their graduation papers have studied the opportunities of acquiring traditional values of Latvian and other nationalities’ cultures in studies of home economics and technologies. The analysis of works completed in the Olympiad „Ethnography” shows that students make varied creative compositions, using ethnographic symbols as source of inspiration, and implement them in various textile techniques. At the end of the article proposals and conclusions regarding development of Latvian traditional culture and multicultural education studies for the prospective teachers of home economics and technologies are drawn. It is necessary to improve the content of home economics and technologies’ subject as well as the methodological approach in order to implement both traditional and multicultural education in schools and high-schools in the studies of the prospective teachers of home economics and technologies.

scholarly journals The Dialogue between Theology and Science as an Open-Ended Hermeneutics of the Human Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1338-1355
Author(s):  
Alexei V. Nesteruk
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Theology And Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science And Theology ◽  
Theology And Philosophy ◽  
The Human Condition

This paper represents a direct continuation and development of my stance on the sense of the dialogue between theology and science as it is seen through the eyes of phenomenological philosophy and its extension towards theology. I further interpret the paradoxical position of humanity in the world (being an object in the world and subject for the world) to be the cause in the split between science and theology. Since, according to modern philosophy, no reconciliation between two opposites in the hermeneutics of the subject is possible, the whole issue of the facticity of human subjectivity as the sensebestowing centre of being acquires theological dimensions, requiring new developments in both theology and philosophy. The intended overcoming of the unknowability of man by himself, tacitly attempted through the “reconciliation” of science and theology (guided by a purpose to ground man in some metaphysical substance), is not ontologically achievable, but demonstrates the working of formal purposefulness (in the sense of Kant). Then the dialogue between theology and science can be considered as a teleological activity without a purpose representing never-ending hermeneutics of the human condition

scholarly journals Australia’s Pursuit of Place in the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power And Powerlessness ◽  
Material Power ◽  
Central Claim

Australia’s place on the world stage has evolved dramatically over the past century. Although no longer preoccupied with isolation from the British Empire, Australia grapples with the challenges of its proximity at the apex of a diverse and dynamic Indo-Pacific. While holding out the aspirations of regional power with global interests, the island continent continues to be plagued by anxiety in its pursuit of place in a contested world. This chapter explores the contours of Australia’s contemporary place-making project. Recognizing the complexity of the subject matter, in which dimensions of history, memory, geography, economics, and culture collide, the chapter draws on the nation’s diplomatic practice as a lens through which to view the competing forces of change and continuity at play. It begins by noting that the theoretical underpinnings of Australian diplomacy raise interrelated concerns about material power and powerlessness, national security, and broad cultural values, all of which contribute to Australia’s evolving sense of place over key points in time. Despite claims that Australia’s approach to the outside world is gripped by repetitive impulses to ‘engage or retreat’, this chapter finds that ultimately, the nation’s place-making project tends towards openness over insularity, engagement over isolation, and activism over passivity. The central claim is that Australia’s constructive, yet pragmatic style of diplomacy—in its many forms—plays a critical though undervalued role in positioning the nation on the global and regional stage.

scholarly journals The invention of reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Viktor S. Levytskyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Integral Image ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Mind ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the article is the process of forming ideas about the world as reality, which is most accurately described by the word “invention”. The author, relying on classical texts in this respect (E. Husserl, M. Heidegger) and modern studies (A. Makushinsky, J.-F. Kurtin) substantiates the position according to which the idea of reality is not a cultural invariant. The notion that reality has always existed, and thanks to scientific reason has been most adequately reflected, understood and described, is a significant modernization. This has been evidenced by both the etymology of the concepts of “reality” and “reality”, which first appeared only in scholasticism (D. Scotus, M. Eckhart), and the process of their content filling, which is inextricably linked with the formation of scientific rationality. The article shows that both the scientific mind and the integral image of the world created by it, which we call reality, genetically date back to the Christian value-semantic universe. Initially, it was within the framework of the discourse of natural theology that the image of the autonomous world has been conceptualized, developing according to the universal principles established by God. In the first scientific programs (R. Descartes, G. Galilei, I. Newton), these ideas were continued, as a result of which the world began to be understood as an immanent reality that is subject to the laws of nature. The new ontological beliefs received the ultimate philosophical foundation in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, to whom the phenomenal world exhausts the reality available to man. Accordingly, the world turns into a one-dimensional detranscendentalized reality. This methodological approach allows the author to make the following conclusions: 1) the image of world “reality” is a rather modern “invention”, which was unknown in previous eras; 2) at the same time, it is genetically connected with the Christian semantic universe, outside of which it could not appear; 3) the world in it is understood as a one-dimensional immanent reality.

Conditions for Discussing and Comprehending Georationality

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Rozin
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Pluralistic Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Behavior

The article examines the debate between, on the one hand, the proponents of the position that European reason and logic are universal and therefore the dialogue between West and East will always be unequal and, on the other hand, the advocates of a pluralistic approach, who defend the equality of parties in the dialogue as well as the independence of cultures and ways of thinking in different regions of the world. The author expands the agenda of the debate, appealing to the authors of the book Dialogue of Cultures in a Globalizing World. In addition, the author clarifies the concept of globalization, used by many participants in the discussion, and also formulates his own understanding of philosophy. The author considers philosophy, firstly, as a way of deconstructing reality that has ceased to respond to the challenges of time, secondly, as a process of the creation of schemes defining new reality and objects and, thirdly, as personal and professional methods for solving these problems. The article also discusses the condition of the comprehension of procedural phenomena. Thus, there is a methodological approach that makes possible, according to Kant, to grasp the essence of complex systemic phenomena. Therefore, the author examines a case in which C.G. Jung talks about one of his own child experiences. The author argues that the conditions of the comprehension of processuality are, on the one hand, the formation of a special integrity that is personality and, on the other hand, its actions, which make it possible to assemble the discrete states identified by the researcher into a single process. The personality is considered as the subject who, starting from ancient culture, aims for independent behavior, partially overcomes social and cultural dependence, begins to build his own world and himself in this world.

XVIII: Man and Animals in Recent Poetry

PMLA ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-283
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Atkins
Keyword(s):  
American Poetry ◽  
Robert Frost ◽  
Hart Crane ◽  
World War ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
World War One ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Robinson Jeffers

In American poetry written since the World War one of the most significant new developments is now seen to be the fascination which animal life holds for the poet. In American periodicals during the last fifteen years, 236 writers have been publishing earnest and philosophical poems about animals. In 1933 and 1934 the newest poets—Frederick Prokosch, Frances Frost, Marie Welch, Audrey Wurdemann, Joseph Auslander, Laura Benét, and above all Robert Tristram Coffin—were writing of little else. And practically every one in the older groups, whether traditional or radical, simple or esoteric, has written occasional poems about them. Notably Robert Frost, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Elinor Wylie, Hart Crane, Robinson Jeffers, Padriac Colum, and D. H. Lawrence have dealt with the subject repeatedly.

scholarly journals Przestrzeń cyfrowa i internet jako przedmiot zainteresowań w badaniach geograficznych = Digital space and the Internet as the subject of interest of geographical research

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Janc
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Real Space ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Data ◽  
Digital Spaces

The development of the Internet drove significant changes in the social and economic functioning of people and spatial units. In the case of geography, the Internet changed its nature as a science about space, by expanding on the available topics and methods of study by which geographers come to know the world. New possibilities were a result, though also challenges, above all in relation to the role in geographical research played by the Internet and digital space (data generated through the use of the Internet). Major developments to the World Wide Web and to the Internet as a whole, as well as new solutions made possible by the latter’s creation combine with phenomena subject to scientific analysis to leave as insufficient previous state-of-the-art research methods in the field of Internet geography. The aim of this article is therefore to identify the main problems with research in digital space. Emphasis is put on relationships between real and digital space from the two complementary perspectives of digital space as a source of information about real space for research and of digital space as the subject of research. Explored first is the way in which digital space furnishes data upon which descriptions of real space can be based. An attempt is then made to discover the nature of digital space in its spatial aspects, with the relationship between digital and real space determined. A literature review further serves as the basis for the presentation of four research topics relating to the geography of the Internet, i.e. digital-divide analysis, issues of the management of socio-economic processes, cyber-balkanisation, and the relationships between real and digital spaces. The digital divide relates to access or skills, as well as to individual motivations and socio-cultural preferences, which can also be observed in the different ways people use the Internet. The digital divide is subject to constant change amid the rapid development of the Internet and the increasing importance of the Web in everyday life. Growing interest in concepts relating to the functionality of various areas in so-called smart cities and smart rural areas arises out of issues of spatial management. Cyber-balkanisation in turn constitutes a fragmentation of the Internet more and more manifested by users as they have increased control over online content. The final research topic, concerned with the relationships between real and digital spaces, is crucial to an understanding of the Internet’s role in geography. The presented areas of research on the Internet and digital space, as well as the research directions referred to, should be treated as a starting point for a broader discussion. In the case of analyses of Internet geography, it is essential for basic terms to be determined and defined. Also of importance is a general determination of the role and importance of the Internet in geography.

scholarly journals MO618BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON PHYSICAL REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING DIALYSIS IN THE LAST 24 YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Salazar ◽  
Maryorie Sandoval ◽  
Paula Moscoso ◽  
Cristian Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) exposed to renal replacement therapy (RRT) have many consequences, both physical and psychological. Dialysis patient rehabilitation is a way to improve the well-being and quality of life of users, but it is an area that has not been commonly explored and where there is much to know. The participation of the Physiotherapist in the rehabilitation of these patients has increased mainly in the last period. The present study aims to carry out an analysis of how the scientific field has behaved in relation to rehabilitation in patients undergoing dialysis, exploring the existing bases for new studies and knowing how it has varied between the years 1996 to 2020. Method The present study is a bibliometric analysis. Through this type of study, it is possible to analyze the scientific production and how is the activity on some subject. It allows, among others, the development of research topics that are little studied, in addition to evaluating the countries, institutions and authors in a certain period. A search for scientific articles was carried out using the web of science (WOS) page, obtaining 236 articles. The search key was TS = (“rehabilitation”) AND TS = (physical exercise or haemodialysis or renal dialysis or peritoneal dialysis) AND TS = (hemodialysis) NOT TS = (fistula). In the same WOS platform, a filter was carried out where only articles, reviews and conference articles were included, excluding editorial material, book chapters and early accesses, articles that are in the range of years between 1990 and 1995 were also excluded. These years were chosen because it was observed that from 1996 an increase in the trend on the subject under study can be observed. With this filtration the articles decrease to 191 results. The Scimat and Bibliometrix biblioshiny softwares were used for their analysis. Results A total of 191 records were compiled among which we have been able to identify different bibliometric indicators that allow us to know the scientific performance and how it has behaved over the years. Figure 1 shows a descriptive graph obtained from biblioshiny bibliometrix where it was shown the annual scientific production of the documents, with dates that fluctuate between 1996 and 2020. It is observed that the scientific production on this issue of rehabilitation in dialysis patients through the years has been developing exponentially since 1996. However, there are years in which production decreased significantly. It was also found the authors who have published the most, the journals and their categorizations, and the network of collaborations that exist between authors from different countries, being the United States the pioneer country in scientific production. Finally, emerging studies on the subject were found. Conclusion In this study we have addressed different points to show and publicize the issue of rehabilitation in dialysis patients, with its greatest contributors in recent years. We can say that many studies are still missing to be able to have a solid base in the rehabilitation of these patients, who are increasing more every day in the world population. Although, we have compiled a significant number of studies, it is probably not all of them, studies that complement the information are needed with other search engines. This study can serve as a starting point for future research, which is necessary in the field of dialysis, although the production rate has increased over the years it is still quite low, it is important that new authors appear who can work among them to advance and thus obtain knowledge that allows us to help and benefit patients around the world. In addition, we have considered it very important to mention and suggest so that Latin American countries can become more interested in this topic, since they are part of the countries that produce the least, however, their population on dialysis increases progressively over the years.

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