Seedling resistance to pea aphid of lucerne, annual medic and clover species in Victoria

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Ridland ◽  
GN Berg
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
High Level

Twenty-two lines of lucerne, six of annual Medicago spp., seven of Trifolium subterraneum, six of T. repens and six of several other Trifolium spp. were tested for seedling resistance to pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in glasshouse tests at Burnley, Victoria. In general, lucerne cultivars selected for resistance to North American biotypes of the aphid were resistant to the Victorian aphid population. However, in our tests, two cultivars (Matador and Pioneer Brand 545) that were classed as susceptible to pea aphid in the USA. were as resistant as WL 31 8, a cultivar selected in the U.SA. for resistance to pea aphid. Medicago truncatula cvv. Borung and Cyprus were highly susceptible to pea aphid. They were more severely damaged than M. sativa cv. Hunter River, which was the most susceptible of the lucerne cultivars tested. M. rugosa cv. Paragosa had a high level of resistance while M. truncatula cvv. Hannaford and Jemalong, and M. littoralis cv. Harbinger were stunted but had only a low level of seedling mortality. Of the seven cultivars of T. subterraneum tested, only cv. Clare had a high level of aphid resistance, and all lines of T. repens were susceptible. The lines of T. fragiferum, T. incarnatum and T. pratense were more resistant than the susceptible check, T. subterraneum cv. Daliak, and should at least be tolerant in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alfalfa resistance to the pea aphid, Acyrtosiphon pisum [Homoptera : Aphididae] – Methodological aspects to improve a standardized speedling test

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Girousse ◽  
R. Bournoville ◽  
I. Badenhausser
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Cotyledon Stage ◽  
Methodological Aspects

This study proposes a guide for the design of experiments to test alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for resistance to pea aphid infestation (Acyrthosiphon pisum). This test was conducted in controlled conditions on alfalfa seedlings. For the infestation, aphid population maintained on alfalfa was found to be more efficient than an aphid population reared on broad bean. When comparing alfalfa cultivars, a non-choice test gave the same results as a choice test, that was more difficult to perform. When infesting a unit of 54 seedlings at the cotyledon stage on the 1st and 5th day of the experiment, 360 mg compared with 180 mg and 540 mg aphids, led to the best compromise between levels of infestation and aphid stock culture availability. Infestation was stopped when more than 60% of susceptible cultivar seedlings were wilted or dead. Under these conditions, we calculated the number of replicates necessary to obtain a fixed level of difference. Six units per cultivar would distinguish between cultivars differing from 20% in their seedling mortality.

Seedling resistance to spotted alfalra aphid of lucerne and annual medic species in Victoria

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Ridland ◽  
GN Berg
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Annual Medicago

Fifty lines of lucerne and 15 lines of annual Medicago spp. were tested for seedling resistance to Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) f. maculata in glasshouse tests at Burnley, Victoria. Thirty-seven lines of lucerne from the USA were tested and of these, 36 had greater (P < 0.05) seedling survival than M. sativa cv. Hunter River, while 29 had greater (P < 0.05) seedling survival than M. sativa cv. Falkiner. The results demonstrated that lucerne cultivars selected for resistance to North American biotypes of the aphid were resistant to the Victorian aphid population. The lucerne seedling screening technique was successfully adapted for annual medics. There was a wide range of reaction to aphids between the 13 lines of M. truncatula tested. However, no lines were superior to cv. Jemalong. Surviving seedlings in this species were generally stunted, unlike M. rugosa cv. Paragosa, where very little seedling damage occurred.

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON CULTIVARS OF FIELD PEAS IN MANITOBA AND ITS EFFECTS ON PEA GROWTH AND YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Soroka ◽  
P.A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Yield Responses

AbstractPopulations of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were sampled through the summer of 1984 on five cultivars and in 1985 and 1986 on six cultivars of field peas, Pisum sativum L., grown in field plots in southern Manitoba. Patterns of pea aphid population growth were generally similar among cultivars in any one year. Aphid populations on all cultivars in all years remained relatively low until mid-July, then increased rapidly, peaked at about the beginning of August, and declined sharply to low levels in late August. At the time of peak aphid numbers, significant differences in aphid population densities were found among cultivars in 2 years; the lowest densities were found on the cultivars Century and Tipu, and the highest densities on Triumph or Trapper. Pea aphid feeding was not detrimental to any yield parameters except 1000 seed weight. In 1984 Triumph and Tara, and in 1985 Triumph had significantly decreased 1000 seed weights in plots in which aphid densities were not controlled. Differences in the abundance of the aphid among cultivars were not reflected in their yield responses. Over 3 years the regression line of aphid densities upon Century seed weight was significantly steeper than those of Trapper, Lenca, or Tara. Trapper was least affected by aphid feeding. Results indicated that the economic threshold of pea aphids on peas other than Century needs to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201493
Author(s):  
Gaurav Pandharikar ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Pierre Frendo ◽  
Marylène Poirié
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is therefore worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one ( Hamiltonella defensa , Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica ) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated, NI). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 ( PR1 ) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI) , respective markers for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.

Genetic analysis of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) seedling resistance to pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris)

Euphytica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Julier ◽  
R. Bournoville ◽  
B. Landré ◽  
C. Ecalle ◽  
S. Carré
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals The RAP1 Gene Confers Effective, Race-Specific Resistance to the Pea Aphid in Medicago truncatula Independent of the Hypersensitive Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1645-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Alice Stewart ◽  
Simon Hodge ◽  
Nurul Ismail ◽  
John W. Mansfield ◽  
Bart J. Feys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Locus Mapping

Plant resistance to pathogens is commonly associated with a hypersensitive response (HR), but the degree to which the HR is responsible for incompatibility is subject to debate. Resistance to aphids is likely to share features with resistance to pathogens but is less well understood. Here, we report effective resistance to the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in Medicago truncatula. Aphids lost weight and died rapidly (within two days) on the resistant genotype Jemalong, which developed necrotic lesions following infestation. Lesions were induced by nonvascular intracellular stylet punctures by aphids, remained localized to the site of stylet entry, stained for the presence of reactive oxygen species, and were similar to the HR induced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. The implication that aphid-induced lesions confer resistance was tested by quantitative trait loci analysis using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Jemalong and the susceptible genotype DZA315.16. One major locus, RAP1, was identified that was sufficient to confer race-specific resistance against the pea aphid and was mapped to the middle of chromosome 3. Surprisingly, a separate locus, mapping to the top of chromosome 3, governed aphid-induced HR, indicating that the HR-like lesions are not required for RAP1-mediated aphid resistance.

Does phloem-based resistance to aphid feeding affect host-plant acceptance for reproduction? Parturition of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on two near-isogenic lines of Medicago truncatula

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jung Nam ◽  
G. Powell ◽  
J. Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Aphid Clone ◽  
Plant Acceptance

AbstractProbing behaviour (prior to parturition) and parturition of two clones (PS01 and N116) of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum on two genotypes (near-isogenic lines (NILs)) (Q174_5.13 and Q174_9.10) of Medicago truncatula were investigated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) coupled with simultaneous visual monitoring for parturition. Line Q174_5.13 has been reported to show a phloem-based resistance to feeding in the clone PS01 but to be susceptible to the clone N116, whereas Q174_9.10 has shown to be susceptible to both aphid clones. The time taken to first parturition by clone PS01 was similar on Q174_5.13 and Q174_9.10. Prior to parturition, no aphids on Q174_5.13 contacted phloem, but 5% of the aphids on Q174_9.10 showed phloem salivation (recognized by EPG pattern E1). No phloem contact was observed with aphid clone N116 on either NILs of Medicago before first parturition occurred, and the time taken to first larviposition was similar on Q174_5.13 and Q174_9.10. The results indicate that the initiation of parturition of the clone PS01 and N116 on both NILs does not require the phloem contact and seems unchanged by a phloem-based resistance mechanism to feeding on Medicago. This finding suggests that host recognition and decisions about parturition occur before phloem contact or ingestion, and act independently on R-gene-mediated resistance.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics and Yield Loss Assessment for Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Lentil in Morocco

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Karim El Fakhouri ◽  
Abdelhadi Sabraoui ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Mustapha El Bouhssini
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is the major insect pest of lentil in Morocco. We investigated pea aphid mean numbers and yield losses on three lentil varieties at one location during three successive cropping seasons during 2015–2018. The effects of several weather factors on pea aphid population dynamics were investigated. Population density increased in early spring followed by several peaks during March–April and then steeply declined during the late spring. Aphid populations peaked at different times during the three years of the study. In 2016, higher populations occurred during the second and third weeks of April for Abda and Zaria varieties with averages of 27 and 28 aphids/20 twigs, respectively. In 2017, higher populations occurred on the 12th and 13th standard meteorological weeks (SMWs) for Zaria with averages of 24.7 and 27.03 aphids/20 twigs, respectively. In 2018, the population peaked for all varieties at three different times, 11th, 13th, and 17th SMW, with the highest for Zaria being 26.00, 47.41, and 32.33 aphids/20 twigs. Pea aphid population dynamics changed with weather conditions. The number of aphids significantly and positively correlated with maximum temperature, but significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed. The minimum temperature and rainfall had non-significant correlations. Pea aphid infestation resulted in losses of total seed weight for all lentil varieties, with the highest avoidable losses for Bakria being 12.51% followed by Zaria with 7.72% and Abda with 4.56%. These losses may justify the development of integrated management options for control of this pest.

scholarly journals Trehalose and glucose levels regulate feeding behavior of the phloem-feeding insect, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yuping Gou ◽  
Peter Quandahor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Trehalose Content

AbstractTrehalose serves multifarious roles in growth and development of insects. In this study, we demonstrated that the high trehalose diet increased the glucose content, and high glucose diet increased the glucose content but decreased the trehalose content of Acyrthosiphon pisum. RNA interference (RNAi) of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (ApTPS) decreased while RNAi of trehalase gene (ApTRE) increased the trehalose and glucose contents. In the electrical penetration graph experiment, RNAi of ApTPS increased the percentage of E2 waveform and decreased the percentage of F and G waveforms. The high trehalose and glucose diets increased the percentage of E2 waveform of A. pisum red biotype. The correlation between feeding behavior and sugar contents indicated that the percentage of E1 and E2 waveforms were increased but np, C, F and G waveforms were decreased in low trehalose and glucose contents. The percentage of np, E1 and E2 waveforms were reduced but C, F and G waveforms were elevated in high trehalose and glucose contents. The results suggest that the A. pisum with high trehalose and glucose contents spent less feeding time during non-probing phase and phloem feeding phase, but had an increased feeding time during probing phase, stylet work phase and xylem feeding phase.

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