A review of microbiological root canal sampling: updating an emerging picture

The first step in the origination of caries is the formation of a dental plaque. Dental caries can lead to destruction of enamel and dentin resulting in bacterial invasion of the pulp. Invasion of the pulp and the periapical areas can promote the development of dento-alveolar abscess and spread of the infection to other anatomical areas. Several oral acid producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces viscosus, are capable of initiating the carious lesion. The organisms that predominate in pulpitis and dento-alveolar abscess are Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus spp. Treatment of caries involves removal of all affected tooth structure and proper replacement with a restorative material. Once pulpitis has developed the infected tissue should be removed and root canal therapy instituted, or the tooth should be extracted. Extraction, root canal therapy and/or drainage of pus usually are indicated for an abscess. Antimicrobial therapy supplementing the dental care should be considered, especially when local or systemic spread of the infection is suspected. Penicillin or amoxicillin are generally effective against most of the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria recovered. The patient whose oral cavity may harbor penicillin-resistant organisms should be considered for treatment with drugs effective against these organisms. These agents include amoxicillin-clavulanate, clindamycin or the combination of metronidazole plus amoxicillin or a macrolide.

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Determining of the Most Optimal Parameters of Monopolar High Frequency Diathermocoagulation in Endodontic Practice

Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 252-256

Author(s):

Daurova Fatima Yuryevna ◽

Tomaeva Diana Islanbekovna ◽

Gasanova Zarema Magomedovna ◽

Butaeva Natalia Taymurazovna ◽

Podkopaeva Svetlana Vasilevna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

High Frequency ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Thermal Imager ◽

Tooth Root ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Root Canals ◽

The Third

The main criterion for successful endodontic treatment is thorough cleaning of the root canal from microorganisms. Modern technologies are being developed to decontaminate the root canal system due to local temperature increase. High-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation refers to one of these technologies. Aim. To determine the optimal parameters of monopolar high-frequency diathermocoagulation providing a distinct antibacterial effect and which are safe for the surrounding tissues in endodontic dental treatment. Materials and methods. Root canals of single-root removed teeth from the group of upper and lower jaw incisors (12 samples). The DC-35 MS device (2640 kHz, 1. 5 kOhm) was used to study various modes of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation. 6 exposure modes were studied. To determine the heating degree of the tooth root surface, thermometry using a compact infrared radiation converter of the Seek Thermal imager was used, and a remote infrared thermometer Testo 830-T1 was used for temperature monitoring. After determining of the diathermocoagulation modes that are not able to cause significant heating of the surrounding tooth tissues, the antibacterial effect of diathermocoagulation in these modes was studied. To do this, we used clinical strains of optionally anaerobic bacteria obtained from the teeth root canals in pulpitis: Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. Results. When performing diathermocoagulation of the root canal contents, the third, fourth and sixth modes of the device settings with the power given to the tissue within three seconds of energy in the range of 3.06 W to 5.4 W are safe for the tissues surrounding the tooth root. When treating root canals in the third and sixth modes, the power of diathermocoagulation is 5.4 W and 4.1 W. A multiple, significant decrease in microbial contamination of root canals by all kinds of pathogenic optional anaerobic microflora obtained from the teeth root canals in pulpitis was found.

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Identifikasi bakteri pada saluran akar gigi dengan diagnosis periodontitis apikalis kronis (Identification of bacteria in dental root canal diagnosed with chronic apicalis periodontitis)

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v13i3.412 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Yeyen Sutasmi ◽

Nurhayati Natsir

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Root Canals ◽

Different Types ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Conservative Dentistry ◽

Periapical Diseases ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Dominant Bacteria

Chronic apical periodontitis is one of common periapical diseases. Inflammation in the periapical tissue is caused bybacteria from the root canal necrotic. If the tooth is not treated, the infection can progress to periapical region causingchronic apical periodontitis. The variety of bacteria can be found in root canal with chronic apical periodontitis. Thisstudy aims to determine the type of bacteria in chronic apical periodontitis. Samples were obtained from fifteen patientswith teeth that have chronic apical periodontitis in the Department of Conservative Dentistry in Dental Hospital ofHasanuddin University. Bacteria collected from a sample specimen using paper points which were inserted into the rootcanal. Subsequent, bacterial specimens identified in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of the Medical Faculty,Hasanuddin University. This study found seven different types of bacteria with varying percentages. Type of Grampositivefacultative anaerobic bacteria Streptococcus spp. is the most dominant bacteria found in the root canal withchronic apical periodontitis. This study concluded that the dominant bacteria in the root canals with chronic apical periodontitis were Streptococcus spp.

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Microbiological Aspects of Naturally Occurring Primary Endodontic Infections in Dogs

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/0898756419873639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 124-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Špela Srečnik ◽

Irena Zdovc ◽

Urška Javoršek ◽

Tina Pirš ◽

Zlatko Pavlica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Root Canals ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Endodontic Infections ◽

Aseptic Conditions ◽

Endodontic Disease ◽

Microbiological Aspects

Dental fractures are common in dogs, but data on microbiology of naturally occurring primary endodontic infections, and their relation to clinical and radiographic signs, are lacking. Samples were obtained from root canals of 32 periodontally healthy fractured teeth under aseptic conditions and immediately cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Cultures were further identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time of flight technology. Sixty-one bacteria (30 bacterial species) were isolated from root canals; 54% were Gram-negative bacteria, 53% were facultative anaerobic, and 42% were anaerobic bacteria. Number of bacterial species in the root canals declined with the duration of fractures over 12 months. No statistically significant association was found between the number of bacterial species involved in the root canal infection and any of the clinical or radiographic signs of endodontic disease. Naturally occurring primary endodontic infections in dogs appear to be polymicrobial and involve only a selected number of opportunistic pathogen species.

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Identification of Cultivable Microorganisms from Primary Teeth with Necrotic Pulps

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.34.4.20124lu111544377 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 329-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gildardo Ledezma-Rasillo ◽

Hector Flores-Reyes ◽

Ana Ma. Gonzalez-Amaro ◽

Arturo Garrocho-Rangel ◽

Ma. del Socorro Ruiz-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Sinus Tract ◽

Operative Field ◽

Root Canals ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Clostridium Spp

The objective of this study was to identify cultivable microorganisms from primary teeth with necrotic pulps. This experimental study included 21 patients of both sexes between 4 and 7 years of age with necrotic pulps in primary teeth. Twenty-one maxillary and mandibular molars containing at least 1 necrotic canal, an abscess or sinus tract, one or more radiolucent areas in the furcation or periapical region, teeth having at least two thirds of root length, and carious lesions directly exposed to the oral environment were included. After antisepsis of the oral cavity, anesthesia of the affected tooth, and isolation and disinfection of the operative field, 3 sterile absorbent paper points were sequentially placed for 30 seconds for the collection of samples. The samples were immediately processed in an anaerobic chamber, and all isolated microorganisms were identified. Anaerobic species (anaerobic facultative and moderate anaerobes) were isolated in all root canals; 68.4% of root canal samples studied showed a polymicrobial nature. Most of the isolate consisted of Bifidobacterium Spp2 and Streptococcus intermedius. Other less frequently encountered species were Actinomyces israelii, Bifidobacterium spp 1, Clostridium spp, and Candida albicans. Results indicate the existence of combinations of bacterial species in root canal infections of the primary dentition with necrotic pulps, anaerobic bacteria predominating.

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OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS

Российский стоматологический журнал ◽

10.18821/1728-28022017;21(2):85-89 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. A Pavlovich ◽

L. A Skorikova ◽

N. P Bazhenova ◽

N. V Lapina

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Breeding Ground ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canals ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Root Canal System ◽

A Priority ◽

Positive Results

Increase of efficiency of treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis is a priority in dentistry. A root canal is a breeding ground for microorganisms. The main reason for unfavourable treatment outcomes of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis is incomplete debridement of the root canal system. Optimizing the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis with the use of complex drugs galodent No. 4 (clotrimazole, tracert and calcium hydroxide) is a priority in dentistry. As a result of researches it is established that the antibacterial effect of the temporary investment of complex drugs galodent No. 4 and clotrimazole in the root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis is 2,9 times higher and the proportion of positive results is, on average, 1,5 times higher compared to the practiced methods in the comparison groups

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Determining of the Most Optimal Parameters of Monopolar High Frequency Diathermocoagulation in Endodontic Practice

Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 368-372

Author(s):

Daurova Fatima Yuryevna ◽

Tomaeva Diana Islanbekovna ◽

Gasanova Zarema Magomedovna ◽

Butaeva Natalia Taymurazovna ◽

Podkopaeva Svetlana Vasilevna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

High Frequency ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Thermal Imager ◽

Tooth Root ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Root Canals ◽

The Third

The main criterion for successful endodontic treatment is thorough cleaning of the root canal from microorganisms. Modern technologies are being developed to decontaminate the root canal system due to local temperature increase. High-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation refers to one of these technologies. Aim. To determine the optimal parameters of monopolar high-frequency diathermocoagulation providing a distinct antibacterial effect and which are safe for the surrounding tissues in endodontic dental treatment. Materials and methods. Root canals of single-root removed teeth from the group of upper and lower jaw incisors (12 samples). The DC-35 MS device (2640 kHz, 1. 5 kOhm) was used to study various modes of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation. 6 exposure modes were studied. To determine the heating degree of the tooth root surface, thermometry using a compact infrared radiation converter of the Seek Thermal imager was used, and a remote infrared thermometer Testo 830-T1 was used for temperature monitoring. After determining of the diathermocoagulation modes that are not able to cause significant heating of the surrounding tooth tissues, the antibacterial effect of diathermocoagulation in these modes was studied. To do this, we used clinical strains of optionally anaerobic bacteria obtained from the teeth root canals in pulpitis: Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. Results. When performing diathermocoagulation of the root canal contents, the third, fourth and sixth modes of the device settings with the power given to the tissue within three seconds of energy in the range of 3.06 W to 5.4 W are safe for the tissues surrounding the tooth root. When treating root canals in the third and sixth modes, the power of diathermocoagulation is 5.4 W and 4.1 W. A multiple, significant decrease in microbial contamination of root canals by all kinds of pathogenic optional anaerobic microflora obtained from the teeth root canals in pulpitis was found.

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The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.766 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽

Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽

Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Root Canals ◽

Etiologic Agents ◽

Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

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Аpplying of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic pulpitis

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-12-40-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

F. Yu. Daurova ◽

D. I. Tomaeva ◽

S. V. Podkopaeva ◽

Yu. A. Taptun

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

High Frequency ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

The Third ◽

Before And After

Relevance: the reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.Aims: a study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis.Materials and methods: 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.Results: it was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth.

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