Creating character

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ifill
Keyword(s):  
Wilkie Collins ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Braddon ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Social Circumstance ◽  
The Way

This book explores the range of ways in which the two leading sensation authors of the 1860s, Mary Elizabeth Braddon and Wilkie Collins, engaged with nineteenth-century ideas about how the personality is formed and the extent to which it can be influenced either by the subject or by others. Innovative readings of Braddon’s and Collins’s sensation novels – some of them canonical, others less well-known – demonstrate how they reflect, employ, and challenge Victorian theories of heredity, degeneration, willpower, inherent constitution, education, insanity, upbringing and social circumstance. Far from presenting a reductive depiction of ‘nature’ versus ‘nurture’, Braddon and Collins show the creation of character to be a complex interplay of internal and external factors that are as much reliant on chance as on the efforts of the people who try to exert control over an individual’s development. Their works raise challenging questions about responsibility and self-determinism and, as the analyses of these texts reveals, demonstrate an acute awareness that the way in which character formation is understood fundamentally influences the way people (both in fiction and reality) are perceived, judged and treated. Drawing on material from a variety of genres, including Victorian medical textbooks, scientific and sociological treatises, specialist and popular periodical literature, Creating character shows how sensation authors situated themselves at the intersections of established and developing, conservative and radical, learned and sensationalist thought about how identity could be made and modified.

Adolescence in Jewish medieval society under Islam

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-281
Author(s):  
MIRIAM FRENKEL
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adolescent Experience ◽  
The Way

Adolescent experience has been the subject of an intensive interdisciplinary discourse for the last century; a subject whose roots go back to the basic issue of ‘nature versus nurture’. In examining this topic in Jewish medieval society under Islam, an incongruity is revealed between the normative attitudes at the time and the reality. The normative attitudes, as exhibited in religious law (halakha) and in the moral literature represent man's life as a journey which peaks upon reaching full adulthood. The different stages of life along the way are acknowledged but they are perceived as subsidiary, sometimes even dangerous. But the reality does not concur: adolescents were far from invisible during this period. Indeed, their presence was prominent and reflected in the poetry and the prevailing images of youth from the time. Jewish society had developed an efficient system for socializing its adolescents, which included an apprenticeship system, higher education (the beit midrash) and early marriage.

Essential Education

2030 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger van Santen ◽  
Djan Khoe ◽  
Bram Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The People ◽  
Equal Chance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

The helplessness of newborn babies is very endearing. They can just about breathe unaided, but they are otherwise entirely unadapted and dependent. Babies can barely see, let alone walk or talk. Few animals come into the world so unprepared, and no other species is as dependent on learning as human beings are. Elephant calves, for instance, can stand up by themselves within a few minutes of being born. Most animals are similarly “preprogrammed.” Female elephants carry their young for no fewer than 22 months, whereas we humans have to go on investing in our offspring long after they are born. Children need years of adult protection. They guzzle fuel, too; their brains consume fully 60 percent of the newborn’s total energy intake. In the first year of life, the infant’s head buzzes with activity as neurons grow in size and complexity and form their innumerable interconnections. The way the brain develops is the subject of the next chapter (chapter 5.2). Here we concentrate on the way we are educated from the first day on. There is virtually no difference between Inuits and Australian aborigines in terms of their ability—at opposite ends of the earth and in climates that are utterly different—to bear children successfully. Other animal species are far more closely interrelated with their environment. Other primates have evolved to occupy a limited biotope determined by food and climate. Humans are much more universal. Every human child has an equal chance of survival wherever they are born. As a species, we delay our maturation and adaptation until after birth, which makes the inequality of subsequent human development all the more acute. Someone who is born in Mali or Burkina Faso is unlikely ever to learn to read. A person whose father lives in Oxford, by contrast, might have spoken his or her first words of Latin at an early age. Inuit and aboriginal babies may be born equally, but their chances begin to diverge the moment they start learning how to live. We are not shaped by our inborn nature but by the culture that is impressed upon us by the people with whom we grow up.

Book reviews - Schrödinger: life and thought

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-315
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Erwin Schrödinger ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
Great Energy ◽  
The Way

Walter Moore, Schrödinger: life and thought Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. 513, £25.00. ISBN 0-521-35434-X. Erwin Schrödinger, as one of the most famous physicists of this century, amply merits a book, and it is warmly to be welcomed that Walter Moore has taken on the task of writing one with great energy. To talk about any major figure in science is a big undertaking, the more so if, as in this case, the author attempts to make clear to a wider audience the scientific contributions of the subject. Indeed, one may well regard Schrödinger as demanding a broader canvas than most, since there is a most-complex interplay of the scientific, the personal, and the political-historical factors to be described. There can be only admiration for the way in which Walter Moore has woven these elements together and made a readable, if massive, whole of it. Indeed, it is intriguing to see how the author has come to grips with so elusive a personality. The chosen method is historical, starting with a substantial treatment of Schrödinger’s ancestry. Inevitably, this means that there have to be jumps of aspect, and it is not always easy for the ‘dipping in’ reader to discover where to find the continuation or beginning of a particular detail. Thus, in my impatient way, I never discovered who the mother of Schrödinger’s second daughter was. The fascination of Schrödinger’s character and life come across very well, but it is hardly to be expected that such a complex personality is ‘understood’ by the reader.

scholarly journals Liderança e Comportamento Organizacional: uma Relação Intrínseca na Gestão

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (37) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Francisco Sousa da Silva ◽  
Maika Rodrigues Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre comportamento organizacional e liderança, bem como a relação existente entre as duas temáticas. A metodologia utilizada foi de cunho bibliográfico, fundamentada em livros e artigos científicos já publicados sobre o tema em questão. Para tanto, foi abordado o comportamento organizacional, seus modelos, habilidades e competências, bem como as teorias mais conhecidas sobre a temática em questão. Inicialmente, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico. Ao abordar a temática: Comportamento Organizacional e Liderança é impreterível abordar as relações de pessoas, no ambiente organizacional, uma vez que esse é composto por pessoas, dando-lhe vida e personalidade própria, porém a maneira por meio da qual as pessoas se comportam, tomam decisões, trabalham, varia de diferentes formas, sendo que tal variação vai depender, em sua maioria, das políticas e diretrizes das organizações na maneira como lidar com as pessoas em suas atividades. Para mobilizar e utilizar toda a capacidade das pessoas, em suas atividades, as organizações têm buscado modificar seus conceitos, alterando suas práticas gerenciais, investindo diretamente nas pessoas, que entendem dos produtos e serviços, em vez de focar somente nos clientes. Do exposto se conclui que os estilos de liderança possuem estreita relação com o comportamento organizacional, conclui-se ainda que a figura do líder é fundamental dentro desses arranjos do comportamento organizacional, liderando as pessoas, as equipes para que essas possam desenvolver suas atividades em consonância com os interesses da organização.Palavras-chave: Comportamento Organizacional. Liderança. Relações Interpessoais.Abstract This article aims to discuss organizational behavior and leadership, as well as the relationship between the two themes. The methodology used was bibliographic, based on books and scientific articles already published on the subject in question. For this, the organizational behavior, its models, skills and competences, as well as the most well-known theories on the subject matter were approached. When addressing the theme: Organizational Behavior and Leadership, it is imperative to approach the people’s relationships in the organizational environment, since it is composed of people, giving it life and personality, but the way people behave, take decisions, work, varies in different ways, and such variation will depend, for the most part, on the policies and guidelines of the organizations on how to deal with people in their activities. In order to mobilize and utilize all the people’s capacity in their activities, organizations have sought to modify their concepts, changing their managerial practices, investing directly in the people who understand the products and services instead of focusing only on the clients.From the foregoing, it is  concluded that leadership styles are closely related to organizational behavior, it is also concluded that the leader is fundamental within these arrangements of organizational behavior, leading people, and the teams so that they can develop their activities in line with the interests of the organization.Keywords: Organizational Behavior. Leadership. Interpersonal Relationships.

scholarly journals Disillusionment of Althusserism and Rebellious Individualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Farivar ◽  
Mahboobeh Mirzadeh Nodeh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Ideological Discourse ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This paper is a comparative study of two dramatic works of Henrik Ibsen’s “An Enemy of the people”, written in 1882, and Akbar Radi’s “The Savior in the Damp Morning” written in1986. It is an attempt at elaborating Althusser’s clarification of the term ‘Ideology’ as the disillusionment when the individualistic features are considered. This refers to the opposition which exists between how the ideological discourse functions and what an individual member of a society intents to establish. Rebelliousness is one of the significantly controversial characteristics of individualism which is regarded as its chaotic expression which can disrupt and rebuild the current ideology. In both Althusserism and Individualism, the subject holds the ideology that has been implicitly or explicitly defined due to the fact that the subject is exposed to as well as involved with it. Since the subject is the performer of certain acts and the conveyor of certain thoughts, the social relation which is constructed is determined according to the overall production or benefit for all those who are involved within the community. The ideology of social relation discredits the attempts of subjects at revealing self-governing and self-determining ideas which lead to disillusionment. This comparative study is, by and large, displaying the way two dramatists, who belong to completely distinct cultures and societies, presented the ideologies of their time and the true nature of invisible power discourses.

The Civil Justice Reform Debate

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Francis Kofi Korankye-Sakyi
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
The People ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Civil Justice System ◽  
The Way ◽  
Reform Debate

Civil justice comprises the entire system of the administration of justice in civil matters. One significant discourse concerning the civil justice system in the last three decades is reform. This is due to various controversies around the subject resulting in crises. African approaches to civil justice jurisprudence encompass a variety of theoretical and normative elements that shape the way Africans conceive justice delivery. Over the years of the reform debate, not enough light has been shed on this to explain the existence of such perspective. It is argued that the African position to civil justice in the current reforms debate must not be pinned to just the doctrinal option imbedded in statutes but also be based on methods and procedures nurtured on the soil of Africa that align with the practical needs of the people encompassing social, political, cultural, and religious values. The chapter concludes that the African system of justice delivery is largely mirrored in the Ghanaian experience to justice system in civil jurisprudence.

Admirals as Heroes: Patriotism and Liberty in Hanoverian England

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Jordan ◽  
Nicholas Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

In recent years historians have significantly broadened the parameters of popular politics in the eighteenth century to include the ceremonial and associational aspects of political life, what might be aptly described as popular political culture. Whereas the subject of popular politics was conventionally confined to the programmatic campaigns of post-1760 radicals and to the crucial but episodic phenomenon of popular disturbance, historians have become increasingly attentive to the anniversaries, thanksgivings, processions, and parades—to the realm of symbolism and ritual—that were very much a part of Georgian society. This cultural perspective has radically revised our notion of the “popular,” which can no longer be consigned unproblematically to the actions and aspirations of the subaltern classes but to the complex interplay of all groups that had a stake in the extraparliamentary terrain. It has also broadened our notion of the “political” beyond the confines of Parliament, the hustings, and even the press to include the theater of the street and the marketplace with their balladry, pageantry, and iconography, both ribald and solemn.Within this context, the theme of the admiral-as-hero in Georgian society will be explored by focusing on Admiral Edward Vernon, the most popular admiral of the mid-eighteenth century, and Horatio Nelson, whose feats and flamboyance are better known. Of particular interest is the way in which their popularity was ideologically constructed and exploited at home. This might seem an unorthodox position to take. Naval biographers have assumed that the popularity of admirals flowed naturally and spontaneously from their spectacular victories and exemplary feats of valor. This may be taken as a truism. But it does not entirely explain their appeal.

The Regional Context of Upper-Egyptian Sufism

2015 ◽  
pp. 181-201
Author(s):  
Nathan Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Historical Record ◽  
European Language ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Way

The first Sufis in Upper Egypt appear in the historical record at the end of the Fatimid period.1 By the early Mamluk era the region’s towns and villages boasted some of the most famous and enduring personalities of medieval Egyptian Sufism. But despite their prominence in medieval Arabic sources, these Sufis have received almost no attention in studies of Sufism or in Mamluk studies more broadly. There is no monograph in a European language on Upper-Egyptian Sufism. Apart from a few studies in Arabic there are only a handful of articles on the subject.2 This state of affairs is regrettable, although perhaps not surprising given that these Sufis left very little in the way of literature or enduring social formations. The most important source for Sufism in Upper Egypt during this period is Ibn Nūª al-Qū‚ī’s (d.708/1308) al-Waªīd fī sulūk ahl al-tawªīd (‘The Unique Guide Concerning the Comportment of the People of Unity’). This text is a large compendium of diverse biographical and doctrinal material, the publication of which is a major desideratum for the study of medieval Sufism.3 And as far as I know the existence of Sufi-related manuscripts at the shrines and mosques of Upper Egypt has not been explored. Thus, other than Denis Gril’s preliminary studies, without which my work here would have been impossible, the subject of Upper-Egyptian Sufism is mostly terra incognita.

Seeing Tyranny in More’s History of King Richard III

Moreana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (Number 191- (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-157
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Richard Iii ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Way

As they embark upon a dialectical examination of justice in Plato’s Republic, Socrates admonishes his interlocutors that the pursuit of justice is for those who “see clearly”. Indeed, the dialogue itself is meant to bring about such clear-sightedness as the interlocutors dialectically winnow the various accounts of justice proposed. In like manner, Thomas More’s History of King Richard III helps his readers to see clearly the tyrant and tyranny. In the History, More presents a portrait of a tyrant and the conditions that make his tyranny possible. Crucial to this portrait is what the various characters see as well as when they see within the dramatic context. Why are so many blind to Richard’s machinations? Is their blindness willful? What internal and external factors contribute to their blindness? Who does see and how, if at all, do they respond? In answering these questions, we as readers come to see the nature of the tyrant and tyranny. Along the way, four characters are considered in detail: King Edward, Lord Hastings, Queen Elizabeth, and the people of London.

The subject of the East in Joseph Arthur de Gobineau heritage

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Aliya Arastun Samadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
East West ◽  
The Way

The French diplomat, sociologist, and writer Joseph Arthur de Gobineau always addressed the subject of the East in his works. Both in art and in publicist work Gobineau appeals to the description of the way of life and thinking, the criteria of life of the people of the East. His works are distinguished by high art and imagery. His works on the East are relevant and interesting in modern times through the prism of East-West relations. Key words: Arthur de Gobineau, diplomat, France, Europe, East

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