scholarly journals Disillusionment of Althusserism and Rebellious Individualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Farivar ◽  
Mahboobeh Mirzadeh Nodeh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Ideological Discourse ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This paper is a comparative study of two dramatic works of Henrik Ibsen’s “An Enemy of the people”, written in 1882, and Akbar Radi’s “The Savior in the Damp Morning” written in1986. It is an attempt at elaborating Althusser’s clarification of the term ‘Ideology’ as the disillusionment when the individualistic features are considered. This refers to the opposition which exists between how the ideological discourse functions and what an individual member of a society intents to establish. Rebelliousness is one of the significantly controversial characteristics of individualism which is regarded as its chaotic expression which can disrupt and rebuild the current ideology. In both Althusserism and Individualism, the subject holds the ideology that has been implicitly or explicitly defined due to the fact that the subject is exposed to as well as involved with it. Since the subject is the performer of certain acts and the conveyor of certain thoughts, the social relation which is constructed is determined according to the overall production or benefit for all those who are involved within the community. The ideology of social relation discredits the attempts of subjects at revealing self-governing and self-determining ideas which lead to disillusionment. This comparative study is, by and large, displaying the way two dramatists, who belong to completely distinct cultures and societies, presented the ideologies of their time and the true nature of invisible power discourses.

Tanks in the Spa Town. The New Book about the Events of the Year 1968 in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Regional Perspective ◽  
The Way

This review is devoted to the monograph by Jan Nedvěd “We do not decline our heads. The events of the year 1968 in Karlovy Vary”. The Karlovy Vary municipal museum coincided its publishing with the fiftieth anniversary of the Prague spring which, considering the way of the presentation, turned the book not only to scientific event but also to the social one. The book describes sociopolitical trends in the region before the year 1968, the development of the reformist movement, the invasion and advance of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and finally the decline of the reformist mood and the beginning of the normalization. Working on his writing, the author deeply studied the materials of the local archive and gathered the unique selection of the photographs depicting the passage of the soviet army through the spa town and the protest actions of its inhabitants. In the meantime, Nedvěd takes undue freedom with scientific terms, and his selection of historiography raises questions. The author bases his research on the Czech papers and scarcely uses the books of Russian origin. He also did not study the subject of the participating of the GDR’s army in the operation Danube, although these troops were concentrated on the borders of Karlovy Vary region as well. Because of this decision, there are no materials from German archives or historiography in the monograph. In general, the work lacks the width of studying its subject, but it definitively accomplishes the task of depicting the Prague spring from the regional perspective.

2. On the Preparation of Adamantine Carbon or Diamond

1882 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sydney Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Form ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

The preparation of adamantine carbon or diamond has exercised the genius of philosophers from the very earliest times; but it was not until the middle of the last century (1772) that Lavoisier established the diamond's true nature—notwithstanding the simplicity of the experiments required to demonstrate the fact—and showed it to consist of pure carbon in a crystallised state. Since that time very many attempts have been made to prepare it artificially, but until the recent and now famous experiments of Mr J. B. Hannay there has not been the slightest approach towards the solution of this problem. Great obstacles stood in the way of success, the chief being the complete insolubility of carbon in all known liquids, coupled with its non-volatility and infusibility; while the subject was rendered even more difficult and obscure, by ignorance of the conditions under which the diamond is produced in nature, its peculiar crystalline form, together with extreme rarity, indicating a probable very slow formation, and rare natural existence of the conditions necessary for its formation.

THE WORK OF THE ZEMSTVO SELF-GOVERNMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE IN THE ТAURIDE PROVINCE IN THE FIRST DECADE OF ZEMSTVO ACTIVITY (1866-1875)

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Kirill G. Morgunov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Third ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire

During the period of liberal reforms of Emperor Alexander II in Russia in 1864, the zemstvo reform began, which was a continuation of the peasant reform of 1861. Zemstvo institutions were introduced in the country, in the Tauride province they appear two years later - in 1866, zemstvo institutions were in charge of local social and economic issues. One of the important issues that fell on the shoulders of the zemstvos was the issue of the development of medicine. Taking care of the people's health was not one of the mandatory zemstvo duties, but the growth of infectious diseases and the high mortality rate largely prompted the zemstvo authorities to promote the development of medical affairs. The work of the zemstvo bodies was especially difficult at the very beginning of the formation of zemstvo medicine, when the zemstvos had to raise to a new level everything that they had inherited in 1866. The first decade of zemstvo activity for the development of medical science is the subject of this study. The article deals with the regional features of the districts of the Tauride province and their importance in the development of public health in the region. The relevance and novelty of the study is added by the reflection of the influence of the social composition of the county zemstvo vowels on the modernization of the social sphere of the province. In conclusion, information is provided on the results achieved by local self-government bodies by the end of the third zemstvo triennial in relation to 1866. The results of the research provide information on the state of medical affairs of the Tauride province in 1875 in relation to the rest of the zemstvo provinces of the Russian Empire.

Death Penalty in South Asia: A Comparative Study between India and Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962092653
Author(s):  
Sadiya S. Silvee ◽  
Ximei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Amnesty International ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

The death penalty has been the subject of controversy for a long time. South Asian countries have found themselves with this controversy by acquiring an ambivalent approach towards the death penalty. Out of eight South Asian countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan retain the death penalty law, and firmly believe that the death penalty can deter people from committing future crimes, whereas Sri Lanka and Maldives have chosen to retain the death penalty law but have abolished it in practice. Conversely, Nepal and Bhutan are the only two countries that have abolished death penalty both in law and practice. In this context, this comparative study of death penalty trials explores the approach taken by the judiciary of two South Asian jurisdictions, Bangladesh and India, towards the death penalty. This paper utilizes the findings of two original empirical research projects that explored judges’ opinions on the retention and administration of the death penalty in both jurisdictions. Amnesty International death penalty reports along with the case judgements are used, which helped to portray the true approach and flaws in the death penalty trials in both the jurisdictions. The paper will assess the death penalty trials and approach of the different stakeholders in the trial to highlight the distinct approaches taken by the two jurisdictions towards the death penalty. The paper argues that in both countries there is inconsistency in sentencing, the social cry for justice is prioritized over convicts’ rights and, from judges to legal representatives, all the stakeholders involved in a criminal trial hold a convictive approach, making a criminal justice system which presumes justice is served by awarding the death penalty.

Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century England: the social context of illegitimacy in rural Kent

Rural History ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Reay
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Local Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

More bad history has been written about sex than any other subject. Our ignorance about the sexual attitudes and behaviour of people in the past is compounded by a desire to rush to rash generalisation. This is unfortunate, for (consciously or not) our perceptions of the present are shaped by our assumptions about the past. Britain's current preoccupation with ‘Victorian values’ is but a politically visible example of a more general phenomenon. And, more specifically, we do not know a great deal about lower-class sexuality in nineteenth-century England. There are studies of bourgeois desires and sensibilities, but little on the mores of the vast bulk of the population.As Jean Robin has demonstrated recently, one of the most fruitful approaches to the subject is the detailed local study – the micro-study. It may not appeal to those with a penchant for the broad sweep, but such an approach can provide a useful entry into the sexual habits of the people of the past. This article is intended as a follow-up to Robin's work. It deals with a part of rural Kent and, like Robin's work, it covers an aspect of nineteenth-century sexuality – in this case, the social context of illegitimacy. More particularly, this study (and here I differ from Robin) will question the usefulness of the concept of a ‘bastardy-prone sub-society’ (more of which later), a term still favoured by many historical sociologists. The experience of rural Kent suggests that bearing children outside marriage should be seen not as a form of deviancy but rather as part of normal sexual culture.

Samson dux fortissime: an international Latin song

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

This Old Testament ‘annunciation’ prophesies the birth of Samson, one of the popular heroes of medieval story and art. There is a plenitude of evidence on this point, but his popularity could be deduced quite simply from the song which is the subject of this article. Samson dux fortissime is well known; it is often referred to, and it has been recorded at least twice in recent years. However, there is no adequate published edition of it, no comparative study of its sources and notations, and no analysis of the way in which the imposing rhetoric of its poetry is combined with an intricately patterned melody.1 This complex monophonic song offers a chance to examine melody and rhythm, rhetoric and rhyme, working together on a large scale in a harmonious and impressive whole.2

scholarly journals Genre searches in ukrainian playwrights’ plays about hybrid war

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Yevhenii Vasyliev
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Hybrid War

The tragic events of the Revolution of Dignity and the hybrid war have been reflected in various stylistics and genre parameters of dramatic works. The brightest of them were included in two recent anthologies, which were prepared and published thanks to the efforts of the Department of Drama Projects of the National Center for the Performing Arts named after Les Kurbas. The first of them, “Maidan. Before and After. Anthology of the Actual Drama” (2016), has absorbed 9 plays by the authors of different generations (Yaroslav Vereshchak, Nadiia Symchich, Oleg Mykolaychuk, Neda Nezhdana, Oleksandr Viter, Dmytro Ternovyi, etc.). The completely new second anthology “The Labyrinth of Ice and Fire” (2019) also consists of 9 plays (three of which are also part of the previous anthology), which are the reflections of the modern history of Ukraine. The texts about the hybrid war, which are included in two anthologies, are the subject of our analysis. The focus is on the genre specificity of these drama works. The genre modifications of archaic genres inherent in the Ukrainian theatrical tradition (vertep, mystery) are studied in the plays “Vertep-2015” by Nadiia Marchuk and “Maidan Inferno, or On the Other Side of Hell” by Neda Nezhdana. The functioning of the documentary and epic drama (“The Chestnut and the Lily of the Valley” by Oleg Mykolaychuk, “The People and Cyborgs” by Olena Ponomareva and Dario Fertilio) is analysed. The processes of episation and lyricization are considered. The peculiarities of intergeneric diffusion and the creation of a specific genre type — lyrico-epic drama are analysed. The actual monodramas of Neda Nezhdana “The Cat in Memory of the Darkness” and “OTVETKA@ UA” are highlighted, as well as the intermedial character of the genre transformations of Igor Yuziuk’s drama “C-sharp Sixth Octave”

scholarly journals Female Language in Malati maitri’s Sankaraparani

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (S-1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Padmavathi R
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social System ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Surplus Value ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Maternal Rights ◽  
The Way

Morgan found that the adi from of the clans formed on the basis of maternal rights, from which the clans based on paternal rights later developed. In this way we understand that the castes we see among the people who are tired of the ancient Social civilization are based on paternal rights and before that there were Social clans with maternal rights. As important as Darwin’s theory of evolution way in biology and how important Marx’s Philosophy of surplus value was in the field of Political, Economy, so important is the discovery that there was a Primitive maternal right that preceded patriarchy in civilized populations. The Social system that forgot this historical background enslaved the woman. set her aside from production. She was stripped of her rights and made to kneel before the man the began to paint her limbs. Myths about women and literary evidence in written form spilled out of masculine thought. Thus, the women become the most physically vulnerable in the attack on the country. In his poems, he shows the way in which the Tamil community considers activities that are considered sacred and pure. Malati Maitri writes about Social liberation, questioning the sacred practices of sacrifice, family morality, domesticity, motherhood and affection.

scholarly journals Pilar-Pilar Eksistensi Dan Keberlanjutan Kampung Kramat: Kampung Tematik Di TPU Kasin Kota Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Antonio Heltra Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Pattern ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

Di Kota Malang terdapat kampung tematik di TPU Kasin yaitu kampung Kramat.Kampung ini telah ada sejak 50 tahun lalu dan dulu dikenal sebagai kampung pelarian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu tentang pola kehidupan social masyarakat Kampung Kramat, dengan mendalami hal-hal terkait cara masyarakat kampung Kramat bertahan hidup ditengah-tengah lingkungan pemakaman, pola hubungan antara masyarakat yang satu dengan yang lain di Kampung Kramat, proses transformasi Kampung Kramat dari Kampung pelarian menjadi Kampung tematik dan basis keberadaan dan keberlanjutan Kampung Kramat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deksriptif-induktif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk menggali konsep warga Kampung Kramat bertahan hidup dan cara mereka mempertahankan kampungnya hingga sekarang menjadi kampung tematik. Hasilnya, kampung dapat bertahan keberadaannya karena memiliki konsep meruang-berkehidupan yang kontekstual-kompleks. Konsep-konsep ini menjadi pilar-pilar penyokong keberadaan dan keberlanjutan Kampung Kramat. Adanya studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan khusus mengenai arahan pemberdayaan kampung kota melalui konsep tematik agar dapat lebih mengena dan berdaya guna. Khususnya bagi kampung yang terletak di area pemakaman. Abstract:  In Malang regency, there is a thematic village in TPU Kasin namely Kramat Village. This village has existed since 50 years ago and was once known as an escape village. The purpose of this research is to find out about the social life pattern of the people of Kampung Kramat, by exploring the things related to the way the village of Kramat survive amid the  funeral environment, the pattern of relationship between Community that is one with the other in Kampung Kramat, the transformation process of Kampung Kramat from the runaway village becomes the thematic village and base of the existence and sustainability of Kampung Kramat. The method used in this research is a-inductive-qualitative dexsriptif with a phenomenological approach. This approach is used to excavate the concept of villagers survive and the way they defend their village is now a thematic village. As a result, the village can survive its existence because it has a contextual-complex living concept. These concepts are the pillars of the existence and sustainability of Kampung Kramat. The existence of this study is expected to be a specific consideration of the direction of empowerment of village city through thematic concept to be more effective and effective. Especially for the village located in the burial area.

scholarly journals Ecodomy: Taking risks and overstepping boundaries in the Book of Ruth

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Gerda De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Social Conventions ◽  
The People ◽  
Creative Initiative ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter examined the concept of ‘Ecodomy’ – life in its fullness – as it unfolds in the Book of Ruth. The book is dated to the post-exilic period in the history of Israel, and is read as narrative critique against the Moabite paragraph in Deuteronomy 23:3–5, and against the way that this text is interpreted and implemented in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Naomi, Ruth and Boaz, the protagonists in the narrative, become paradigmatic of the situation in post-exilic Israel. Their stories, dealing with loss and the actions they take in order to heal the brokenness become indicative for the post-exilic community. As the narrative plot develops, the chapter aims to indicate how ‘life in its emptiness’ is changed into ‘life in its fullness’ by the courage and creative initiative of individuals, even if it meant overstepping boundaries and challenging the social conventions of the time. Against the exclusivist policy of Ezra and Nehemiah, the Book of Ruth argues that foreigners may be included in the community of YHWH and that their solidarity with Israel is to the benefit of all the people. The point that the chapter wishes to make, is that life in its fullness cannot be taken for granted, but requires effort.

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