Effect of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L) planting density on weed suppression, crop growth, physiological responses, and fibre yield in the subtropics

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was used for textile and cordage more than 4000 years. The cultivation of industrial hemp declined in the 19th century but it remains one of the oldest crops in history. Despite of the decline, nowadays interest for this crop has recently been renewed within various European countries (Roman et al., 2012). The aim of the research is to observe the evolution of production values and physical parameters (MMB- grain) under the influence of different seeding space and organic fertilization level recorded in some hemp varieties approved in Romania, with a low level of THC.

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Effect of hot air and infrared drying on the retention of cannabidiol and terpenes in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 172 ◽

pp. 114051

Author(s):

Chang Chen ◽

Ivan Wongso ◽

Daniel Putnam ◽

Ragab Khir ◽

Zhongli Pan

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Infrared Drying ◽

Hot Air ◽

Industrial Hemp

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Green extraction of cannabidiol from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) using deep eutectic solvents coupled with further enrichment and recovery by macroporous resin

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 110957 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Changyong Cai ◽

Wang Yu ◽

Chaoyun Wang ◽

Lianglei Liu ◽

Fenfang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Macroporous Resin ◽

Green Extraction ◽

Industrial Hemp

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(‒)-Cannabidiolic Acid, a Still Overlooked Bioactive Compound: An Introductory Review and Preliminary Research

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2638 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marialuisa Formato ◽

Giuseppina Crescente ◽

Monica Scognamiglio ◽

Antonio Fiorentino ◽

Maria Tommasina Pecoraro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Potential Health ◽

Cannabidiolic Acid ◽

Health Related ◽

Preliminary Research ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

Inexpensive Procedure ◽

Introductory Review

Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is the main phytocannabinoid in fiber and seed-oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants, but its potential health-related capabilities have been masked for years by a greater scientific interest towards its neutral derivative cannabidiol (CBD). This review aims to collect from the literature and critically discuss all the information about this molecule, starting from its biosynthesis, and focusing on its bioactivity, as an anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancerogenic drug. Furthermore, in the awareness that, despite its multiple bioactive effects, currently poor efforts have been made to achieve its reliable purification, herein, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and inexpensive procedure for its recovery from pollen of industrial hemp cultivars. Spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques allowed us to unequivocally identify pure isolated CBDA and to distinguish it from the constitutional isomer tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A).

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Effect οf Genotype and Growing Year on the Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seeds

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8100491 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 491 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Maria Irakli ◽

Eleni Tsaliki ◽

Apostolos Kalivas ◽

Fotios Kleisiaris ◽

Eirini Sarrou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Major Effect ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

Phytochemical Components

Cannabis sativa L. seeds have been an important source of protein, oil, and dietary fiber for human and animals. Currently, there is a growing interest in the commercial products of these seeds, which are recognized as a legitimate source of medicaments, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant properties of seeds from seven hemp cultivars grown in Greece for three consecutive years. All the measured parameters strongly varied under the influence of growing year and genotype. In particular, protein, oil, and carbohydrates’ content of hemp seeds as well as fatty acids’ composition were mainly affected by genotype, whereas the growing year had a major effect on phytochemical components and antioxidant activity, which was determined by the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Moreover, a predominant effect of the year was observed for phenolic profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and total carotenoids’ content. This study suggests that hemp seeds could be a promising food crop as a result of their high nutritive traits and antioxidant potential. A comparison of the studied cultivars, showed that Finola seeds had the highest oil and protein contents and, thus, appeared to be the most promising cultivar for cultivation in Greece.

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Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity?

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4631

Author(s):

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Vladimir Sikora ◽

Ivayla Dincheva ◽

Miroslava Kačániová ◽

Tess Astatkie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

The Usa ◽

Total Oil ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

Selection Of

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is currently one of the most controversial and promising crops. This study compared nine wild hemp (C. sativa spp. spontanea V.) accessions with 13 registered cultivars, eight breeding lines, and one cannabidiol (CBD) hemp strain belonging to C. sativa L. The first three groups had similar main essential oil (EO) constituents, but in different concentrations; the CBD hemp had a different EO profile. The concentration of the four major constituents in the industrial hemp lines and wild hemp accessions varied as follows: β-caryophyllene 11–22% and 15.4–29.6%; α-humulene 4.4–7.6% and 5.3–11.9%; caryophyllene oxide 8.6–13.7% and 0.2–31.2%; and humulene epoxide 2, 2.3–5.6% and 1.2–9.5%, respectively. The concentration of CBD in the EO of wild hemp varied from 6.9 to 52.4% of the total oil while CBD in the EO of the registered cultivars varied from 7.1 to 25%; CBD in the EO of the breeding lines and in the CBD strain varied from 6.4 to 25% and 7.4 to 8.8%, respectively. The concentrations of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the EO of the three groups of hemp were significantly different, with the highest concentration being 3.5%. The EO of wild hemp had greater antimicrobial activity compared with the EO of registered cultivars. This is the first report to show that significant amounts of CBD could be accumulated in the EO of wild and registered cultivars of hemp following hydro-distillation. The amount of CBD in the EO can be greater than that in the EO of the USA strain used for commercial production of CBD. Furthermore, this is among the first reports that show greater antimicrobial activity of the EO of wild hemp vs. the EO of registered cultivars. The results suggest that wild hemp may offer an excellent opportunity for future breeding and the selection of cultivars with a desirable composition of the EO and possibly CBD-rich EO production.

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Impact of Spring Wheat Planting Density, Row Spacing, and Mechanical Weed Control on Yield, Grain Protein, and Economic Return in Maine

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-11-00118.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 244-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Lauren N. Kolb ◽

Eric R. Gallandt ◽

Ellen B. Mallory

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Planting Density ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Management Options ◽

Weed Density ◽

Net Returns ◽

Farmer Practices

Effective in-season weed management options are limited for organic cereal farmers. Two alternatives to current farmer practices are improving efficacy of physical weed control through use of interrow cultivation or increasing the competitive ability of the crop through elevated seeding rates and more uniform spatial planting patterns. It is unknown how these two methods affect yield, quality, and economic returns. Field experiments were conducted in the northeast United States to determine whether the yield gain from increased weed control from these contrasting weed management strategies resulted in increased net returns and how these different systems affected grain quality. Wheat was planted at two seeding rates (400 and 600 plants m−2), in three row spacings (11, 18, and 23 cm). A fourth crop arrangement that approaches a more uniform spatial distribution through a combination of drilling and broadcasting seed was included. For weed control, treatments received tine harrowing. Wheat sown in wide rows also received interrow cultivation. Each system was sown in the presence and absence of condiment mustard, which was sown as a surrogate weed. Increased seeding rate reduced weed density 64% compared to a crop-free check and 30% compared to regional farmers' practices of 18-cm rows and 400 plants m−2. Increased seeding rates lowered grain protein 5% compared to standard seeding rates. Wide rows, in combination with interrow cultivation, reduced weed density 62%, increased yield 16%, and net returns 19% compared to regional organic practices. Significant increases in grain N were limited to weed-free plots. While increased seeding rates improved weed suppression, the high input cost of organic seed make this an unsatisfactory alternative to interrow cultivation and current farmer practices, as yield would need to be. 15 t ha−1higher at elevated density to offset the extra cost of seed.

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