FAMILY FARMS IN AUSTRIA, ITALY AND POLAND

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika QUENDLER ◽  
Adriano CIANI ◽  
Malgorzata PINK
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Scale Land

Recently there has been a surge of interest in family farms – in particular because2014 was declared by the United Nations as the International Year of FamilyFarming. This focus on family farms is mainly a reaction to several trends, such aseconomic pressures, large-scale land grabbing or the restructuring of agrifoodchains, etc. Yet it has to be acknowledged that the changes taking place inagriculture and agrifood systems put into question the role of family farms. Thispaper responds to the need for a review of family farms by examining the situationin Austria, Italy and Poland. It uses the legal form ‘sole holder’ as the criteria toidentify the family farm. It analyses the status of family farms in terms of (I)numbers, area cultivated, livestock and labour force, (II) their contribution tonutrition and food security, and (III) their consideration within the relevantagricultural policies. The situations in Austria, Italy and Poland are outlined usingofficial agricultural census data, 2013. The results show that family farms are byfar the prevailing form of agriculture in these three countries. Furthermore, weexplore the country specific characteristics within the policy environment given inwhich family farms operate and how this policy supports them. Finally, this formof farm poses significant challenges for food production and systematic policydesign. We conclude by giving some suggestions on future perspectives and theareas for further research.

scholarly journals Implementation of sustainable development goals of Ukraine in the context of the transformation of personal farmers in the family

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Malik ◽  
Oleksandr Shpykuliak ◽  
Volodymyr Mamchur
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development Goals

It is proved that the institutionalization of family farming in the market environment as an organizational and legal form, in addition to ensuring the growth at the present stage of economic and social standards of rural residents, directly capable of achieving the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine until 2030. Ukraine operates small farms and private farms that, by a set of identification criteria, can change their status by creating a stateless family farm Su legal entity organized independently or jointly with members of his family under the contract (declaration). The study found that modern legal innovations, designed to ensure the implementation of the mechanism of institutionalization of the family economy in a market environment, are characterized by an appropriate level of implementation: legal – arranged, methodically constructed laws and codes, establishing simple and transparent tax rules; the market – the family farmer is still in the "gray" zone of the market, that is, the majority of such entrepreneurs do not belong to the relevant entities of this organizational form; public (informal) - generally established as a motivated type of economic activity; economic – small farms acquire the status of economically viable in the market, but are already recognized by economic entities capable of receiving significant additional income. However, this did not significantly affect the significant positive tendency of their creation and development. This situation is caused, in particular, by the lack of scientific and methodological approaches to ensure their transformation into a market environment of the economy, appropriate mechanisms for their promotion and support. Thanks to the efficiency of solving these problems, it is estimated that by 2030, about 300,000 private farms can be legalized into a market economy mechanism in the status of a family farm, and about 5,000 functioning small farms, which can be defined according to the established family farms criteria of its legal form of management . The analysis of the conducted potential of formation and development of family farms allows confirming that the specified economic unit is capable to provide both economic development of rural territories, growth of well-being of villagers, and achievement of the set goals set by the Sustainable Development Goal of Ukraine for the period until 2030. The study outlines the main directions of ensuring the achievement of the set goals in the context of ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture.

scholarly journals The Role of Land–Sea Topography in Blocking Formation in a Block–Eddy Interaction Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3056-3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehai Luo ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Westerly Jet ◽  
Blocking High ◽  
Dipole Component ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract This paper is an extension of a theoretical study by Luo on the effect of large-scale land–sea contrast (LSC) topography on the formation of an eddy-driven blocking. It is found that the topography term can be included explicitly in the blocking evolution equation because of the inclusion of the higher-order wave–topography interaction. Although the blocking flow cannot be excited purely by the LSC topography, the LSC topography is found to be capable of enhancing the amplification of the dipole component in a blocking flow associated with upstream synoptic-scale eddies. In this case, a strong omega-type blocking high can be driven by the joint action of synoptic-scale eddies and LSC topography. This seems to provide an explanation of a difference in blocking intensity between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The most important finding of this paper is that in the presence of LSC topography the double jets that appear during the onset of an eddy-driven dipole block collapse into a strong single westerly jet that is within the south side of an omega-type blocking high, which is different from the result predicted by the theoretical model proposed in Luo’s previous work.

scholarly journals A large-scale national study of gambling severity among immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents: The role of the family

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natale Canale ◽  
Alessio Vieno ◽  
Mark D Griffiths ◽  
Alberto Borraccino ◽  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Study ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gambling Severity

scholarly journals DISORIENTASI PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Hasan Basri
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Will ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changing Schools ◽  
Further Development

Madrasah in the Middle East has known eight or nine centuries before madrasah in Indonesia, which emerged as a reaction to the reform movement as well as a response to the policy of Dutch colonizers secular education. Madrasah got a decent place in Indonesia after rising SKB 3 minister (Minister of Interior, Minister of Education and Culture, and the Minister of Religious Affairs) in 1975, where madrasas equated with other schools in terms of the status of the diploma, graduates continuing education opportunities and changing schools. In a further development, the school as disoriented. It is caused by two things: first, a paradigm shift towards sekularistik. Education implementation has marred even be interpreted as a partial instead of a holistic paradigm as desired by Islam. Supposedly, the madrasa education as a whole should make Islam as a principle in the determination of educational objectives, the formulation of the curriculum and standard of value of science and the learning process, including determining the qualifications of teachers and school culture that will be developed in the madrasas. Second, the functional institutional weakness as a result of shifting the orientation and function of the family and their influence and societal demands materialistic-hedonistic.The weakness seen in a mess madrasa curriculum, not optimal role of teachers as well as school culture that is not in line with the will of Islam.

scholarly journals Farms worldwide: 2020 and 2030 outlook

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110255
Author(s):  
Olaf Erenstein ◽  
Jordan Chamberlin ◽  
Kai Sonder
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Census Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Existing Data

Rural development objectives are often framed relative to a targeted number of beneficiary farms and farm households. Yet the data available on the number and distribution of the world’s farms has been surprisingly fragmented and coherent estimates of the number of farms in a given region for a given year have not been available. We take a set of simple rules to use existing data sources to generate a harmonized set of farm number estimates at the national level. We estimate there are 656 million farms globally in 2020, with a projected decline to 624 million farms globally by 2030. These estimates can be used to better inform policy and large-scale investment programming and design. We also articulate the need for further investments in basic agricultural census data, and outline an agenda for the generation of farm distribution data that would be most useful for further policy guidance.

scholarly journals Kepemimpinan Dalam Keluarga: Perspektif Fiqh dan Analisis Gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Bani Syarif Maulana
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Gender Discourse ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

Islam is a religion which has attempted to elevate the status of women so that there should be no discrimination between women and men from the Islamic perspective. However, in some fiqh texts, which are based on selected Qur'an and hadith, there is discrimination against women. On the other side, gender discourse now becomes an important issue and is used to improve the status of women. This article attempts to explore both the jiqh texts and gender discourse on the models of leadership in a family, especially on the role of women and men in the family and on the sexual relations, from the Islamic perspective.

scholarly journals The Role of TRP Channels in Migraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Stephen Oxford ◽  
Joyce Harts Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Trp Channels ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Trigeminovascular System ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Pain Transduction

TRP channels are members of a large family of non-selective cation channels. The family which numbers over 30 is classified into 6 groups based on amino acid sequence homology. TRP channels are distributed in many peripheral tissues as well as central and peripheral nervous system. These channels are important in sensing a wide range of chemical and physical stimuli. Several TRP channels, including TRPV1 and TRPA1 are important in pain transduction pathways. This review will focus on the function of TRP channels in the trigeminovascular system and other anatomical regions which are relevant to migraine. We will discuss the possible role of TRP channels in migraine, including the potential role of TRPV1 in the hypersensitivity and allodynia frequently observed in migraine patients. We will review the status of TRP channel drugs in migraine therapeutics. We will also discuss the possible roles of TRP channels in triggering migraine attacks, a process which is not well-understood.

scholarly journals Progress towards rabies elimination from Pemba Island, Southern Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy S. Lushasi ◽  
Sarah Cleaveland ◽  
Joel J. Changalucha ◽  
Daniel Haydon ◽  
Rudovick Kazwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pemba Island ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Elimination Programme

ObjectiveUsing active surveillance approaches to investigate the transmissiondynamics of rabies on Pemba Island and across Southern Tanzania,whilst a large-scale dog vaccination program was underway1, to gaina greater understanding of the dynamics of infection as the disease isdriven towards elimination.IntroductionRabies is endemic in Tanzania and has circulated on Pemba Islandsince the late 1990s. In 2010, an elimination programme was initiatedin Southern Tanzania to demonstrate that human rabies deathscan be eliminated through mass dog vaccinations. We used activesurveillance approaches2to investigate the dynamics of rabies acrossthe area where this programme was implemented.MethodsGovernment census data and post-vaccination transects were usedto estimate the dog population and coverages achieved by vaccinationcampaigns. Routine surveillance of animal bite injuries using a mobilephone-based surveillance system3and active contact tracing wereused to identify animal rabies cases and human exposures. Epidemictrees were constructed using spatiotemporal distances between casesand used to estimate the effective reproduction number (Re). Weexamined factors affecting rabies incidence and transmission usinggeneralized linear mixed models.ResultsWe estimated a small dog population of 4095 and low dog:humanratio on Pemba (1:105). Overall island-wide vaccination coverageincreased from 16.8% in 2011 to 68.2% in 2014. We found a further48 human exposures (343%), who either were not reported or did notobtain post exposure prophylaxes (PEP). Routine surveillance wasfound to detect less than 10% (~8.75%). There was a rapid declinein cases detected on Pemba, from 42 before mass dog vaccinationswere implemented in 2011, to 2 cases in 2014 (Figures 1). Since May2014, no rabies cases have been detected. Similarly, Redeclined from1.02 to 0 and a significant relationship was found with rabies casesdecreasing with increasing vaccination coverage (p= 0.013, Figure 2).Across seven other districts on the Tanzanian mainland we alsoobserved major declines in rabies cases with very few cases of rabiesin dogs detected in 2016 (Figure 3).ConclusionsWe conclude that rabies has been eliminated from domestic dogpopulations on Pemba over the five years since vaccination campaignshave been implemented. Continued surveillance and investigationsof any bite incidents are therefore needed to ensure any subsequentincursions are controlled and freedom from rabies is maintained.On the Tanzanian mainland, it has taken longer to control rabies,however trajectories look promising with several districts close toeliminating the disease. However, detection of some wildlife casesin the last 12 months in these districts indicates the need to furtherinvestigate remaining foci and the role of wildlife in maintenance.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN A HIGH-INCOME NATION: IS MALAYSIA READY?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zaharah Jamaluddin ◽  
Mohammad Abu Taher ◽  
Ng Seng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
National Income ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Income ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Industrial relations is one of the most delicate and complex issues in a modern industrial society. Industrial progress is well-nigh impossible without the cooperation of the labour force and the harmonious relationship between employers and employees. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain the good relationship between employers and employees. Malaysia, as one of the South East Asian countries, hopes to be a high-income nation by 2024. In order to achieve the status of high income nation, the government of Malaysia has introduced the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). ETP will help Malaysia to triple its Gross National Income (GNI) from RM 660 billion in 2009 to RM 1.7 trillion in 2020. The status of high income nation is said to be achieved, among others, via innovation, creativity, higher productivity, new technology and the development of a multi-skilled and highly skilled workforce as well as healthy industrial relations. As such, in underlining industrial relations in a high-income nation, this article is an attempt to examine the role of the Malaysian industrial relations of today. It will also portray whether changes are required in Malaysian industrial relations in order to be relevant in a high-income nation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document