scholarly journals PRELIMINARY RESEARCH OF WASTE BIOMASS AND PLASTIC PYROLYSIS PROCESS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Papuga ◽  
Igor Musić ◽  
Petar Gvero ◽  
Ljiljana Vukić
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Eu Policies

Most plastic materials are non-biodegradable. Thus, disposing of such materials in landfills is undesirable, not only because of environmental concerns but also because of relevant EU policies requiring a certain degree of recycling and reuse of plastic materials. Furthermore, significant quantities of biomass waste, particularly waste sawdust as a consequence of intensive wood processing, represents another problem. Co-pyrolysis techniques have received much attention in recent years because they provide an alternative way to dispose of and convert waste plastic and biomass into high value feedstock and fuels. Recent investigations have shown that biomass and plastic co-pyrolysis achieve a synergistic effect, in the form of increased yield of liquid products, and the improvement of the overall process efficiency. This paper presents the results of technical analysis of waste plastics, waste biomass and mixtures biomass/plastic in the ratio 1:1; 3:1 and 1:3. The most common types of plastic waste in municipal waste: high density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene, as well as two distinctive types of biomass, sawdust beech and spruce sawdust were selected for this investigation. The following parameters were determined: moisture, ash, coke residue, bonded carbon, volatile matter and combustible materials. During the test, the conditions of pyrolysis were simulated, in order to observe the changes of volatile substances in a mixture of biomass/plastic in comparison to theoretically expected values. The results of conducted measurements show that there is an increase in volatile matter, in all the mixtures and their ratios. The largest deviation of volatile matter in relation to the expected theoretical values was observed in the mixtures of sawdust beech/ polystyrene in the ratio 1:1.

scholarly journals CO2 emission from combustion of lignite, waste plastics and biomass mixture pellets

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Neslihan Duranay
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Gain Energy ◽  
Plastic Ratio

Combustion is a familiar technique for disposal of urban wastes such as plastics when their recycling is impractical. It offers energy recycling and waste diminution. In this paper, combustion behaviours of blend pellets composed of binary and triple mixtures of plastic wastes, biomass and lignite in a laboratoryscale fixed-bed combustion system were examined. The materials chosen as waste plastic, biomass and lignite were, respectively, market plastic bags, furniture plant waste powder and Bing?l Karl?ova lignite. The effect of varied blend pellet composition on the combustion behaviour and CO2 emission in flue gas during combustion was examined. It was observed that the rate and efficiency of combustion increased with increasing plastic ratio in the blend pellets. It was found that the amount of carbon increased with the ratio of waste plastics added to blends, which also increased the CO2 ratio in the flue gas during the volatile matter combustion period. It was concluded that burning waste plastic bags with low-quality lignite or waste biomass could be a viable option to get rid of them and to gain energy.

scholarly journals Lignin Extraction from Waste Pine Sawdust Using a Biomass Derived Binary Solvent System

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Solange Magalhães ◽  
Alexandra Filipe ◽  
Elodie Melro ◽  
Catarina Fernandes ◽  
Carla Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Lignin Extraction

Lignocellulosic biomass fractionation is typically performed using methods that are somehow harsh to the environment, such as in the case of kraft pulping. In recent years, the development of new sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives has grown significantly. Among the developed systems, bio-based solvents emerge as promising alternatives for biomass processing. Therefore, in the present work, the bio-based and renewable chemicals, levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA), were combined to fractionate lignocellulosic waste (i.e., maritime pine sawdust) and isolate lignin. Different parameters, such as LA:FA ratio, temperature, and extraction time, were optimized to boost the yield and purity of extracted lignin. The LA:FA ratio was found to be crucial regarding the superior lignin extraction from the waste biomass. Moreover, the increase in temperature and extraction time enhances the amount of extracted residue but compromises the lignin purity and reduces its molecular weight. The electron microscopy images revealed that biomass samples suffer significant structural and morphological changes, which further suggests the suitability of the newly developed bio-fractionation process. The same was concluded by the FTIR analysis, in which no remaining lignin was detected in the cellulose-rich fraction. Overall, the novel combination of bio-sourced FA and LA has shown to be a very promising system for lignin extraction with high purity from biomass waste, thus contributing to extend the opportunities of lignin manipulation and valorization into novel added-value biomaterials.

A review on bio-based graphene derived from biomass wastes

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9756-9785
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqi-udeen Safian ◽  
Umirah Syafiqah Haron ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Biomass Waste

Biomass waste has become a new source for producing graphene due to its carbon-rich structure and renewable nature. In this paper, the research on the conversion of bio-based graphene from different biomass wastes is summarised and discussed. This paper reviews the methods for converting biomass to bio-based graphene. There are two approaches for thermal degradation of biomass: thermal exfoliation and carbon growth. The purpose of the thermal treatment is to increase the carbon content by removing volatile matter from the biomass polymer chain. Pre-treatments that help to break down the complex structure of the biomass are discussed; pre-treatments also remove impurities from the said biomass. Lastly, the characteristics of bio-based graphene produced from different biomass and thermal treatments are summarised.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OFWASTE BIOMASS FROM GREENHOUSE ROSE CULTIVATION AND PACKAGING

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cascone ◽  
Alessandro D'Emilio ◽  
Erika Buccellato
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waste Biomass

In this work a characterization of the waste biomass originating from a rose cultivation under greenhouse was carried out. Two types of biomass were examined: one made of both branches and leaves, and the other made up only of branches. For each type of biomass the following properties were determined: percentage of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, content of moisture, volatile matter and ashes, gross and net calorific value. The results show that the biomass made of only branches has a better quality than the biomass with leaves for use in thermo-chemical processes.

Plastic waste as a significant threat to environment – a systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Waqas Ahmad ◽  
Hizbullah Khan ◽  
Saeeda Yousaf ◽  
Kifayatullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol

Abstract Context Materials which exceed the balance of their production and destruction lead to the deterioration in the environment. Plastic is one such material which poses a big threat to the environment. A huge amount of plastic is produced and dumped into the environment which does not readily degrade naturally. In this paper, we address the organization of a large body of literature published on the management of waste plastics being the most challenging issue of the modern world. Objectives To address the issue of the management of waste plastics, there is a dire need to organize the literature published in this field. This paper presents a systematic literature review on plastic waste, its fate and biodegradation in the environment. The objective is to make conclusions on possible practical techniques to lessen the effects of plastic waste on the environment. Method A systematic literature review protocol was followed for conducting the present study [Kitchenham B, Brereton OP, Budgen D, Turner M, Bailey J, Linkman S. Systematic literature reviews in software engineering – A systematic literature review. Inf Softw Technol 2009;51(1):7–15.]. A predefined set of book sections, conference proceedings and high-quality journal publications during the years 1999 to September 2017 were used for data collection. Results One hundred and fifty-three primary studies are selected, based on predefined exclusion, inclusion and quality criteria. These studies will help to identify the fate of different waste plastics, their impact and management and the disposal techniques frequently used. The study also identifies a number of significant techniques and measures for the conversion of waste plastic materials into useful products. Conclusion Five fundamental strategies are used for the handling of plastic waste. These strategies include: recycling, depositing in landfill, incineration, microbial degradation and conversion into useful materials. All of these methods have their own limitations, due to which there is need to explore the studies for optimum solutions of the management of plastics waste.

Analisis Proximate Briket Tempurung Kelapa dan Ampas Tebu

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Vivin Setiani ◽  
Adhi Setiawan ◽  
Mey Rohma Dhani ◽  
Risya Dwi Maulidya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
Coconut Shells

Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source and their existence will be depleted. An alternative is needed that can reduce fossil fuels by using biomass. Biomass waste in the form of bagasse and coconut shell can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of biobriquette. This study aims to analyze the quality value of briquettes from the proximate test of the composition of bagasse and coconut shell produced with briquette quality standards that refer to SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. The variables in this study consisted of five variables. The variables in this study were mass ratio coconut shells to bagasse were 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%; 30%, 60%: 40% and 50%: 50% respectively. The results of the test of water content, ash content, and volatile matter of the best quality briquettes of five variables were 90% coconut shell and 10% bagasse.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Alpian ◽  
Raynold Panjaitan ◽  
Adi Jaya ◽  
Yanciluk ◽  
Wahyu Supriyati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

scholarly journals Obtaining a diesel fuel component from liquid products of oxidative pyrolysis of wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052040
Author(s):  
F A Buryukin ◽  
V A Safin ◽  
S S Kositcyna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Pyrolysis ◽  
Oxidative Pyrolysis ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Recycling and rational use of wood-processing industry waste is an urgent task for the economy and industry. On the basis of experimental studies on the oxidative pyrolysis of Siberian pine and Downy birch, a basic technological scheme for components of motor fuels obtaining is proposed. It is shown that the main components of liquid products of wood pyrolysis in water vapor are aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons, as well as oxygen-containing compounds that need to be hydrogenated.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Fuel Property Comparison of Four Different Waste Biomass with A Commercial Counterpart

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kaan Baltacıoğlu ◽  
Mustafa Tunahan Başar ◽  
Hüseyin Turan Arat ◽  
Yasin Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Pomegranate Seed ◽  
Pomegranate Seeds ◽  
Pellet Form

Abstract This study focuses on determining the fuel properties of apple pulp, pomegranate seeds, pomegranate peel and orange peel wastes and converting them into pellet fuel. Within the scope of the study, the organic wastes were dried, ruined into small pieces and then pressed to take the pellet form. Moisture content, ash content, volatile matter determination, fixed carbon content, total sulfur content, hydrogen content, lower heating value and higher heating value were analyzed as solid fuel characterization process. Experiments were carried out in an internationally accredited laboratory in accordance with ASTM and TS EN ISO/IEC 17025 Standards. Considering the results, it was determined that the pellet obtained from fully dry state pomegranate seed had a calorific value of 4244 kcal/kg, whereas the commercial pellet was 4759 kcal/kg under the same conditions. On the other hand, the moisture contents of the commercial pellet and pomegranate seed sample were 5.42% and 1.83%, respectively. The drying process was one of the costliest stages of pellet production. The low moisture contents can reduce the production cost and shorten the time.

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