scholarly journals Arduino Sensor Integrated Drone for Weather Indices: A Prototype for Pre-flight Preparation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Karachalios ◽  
Dimitris Kanellopoulos ◽  
Fotis Lazarinis
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Map Reading ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller ◽  
Local Weather

Commercial weather stations can effectively collect weather data for a specified area. However, their ground sensors limit the amount of data that can be logged, thus failing to collect precise meteorological data in a local area such as a micro-scale region. This happens because weather conditions at a micro-scale region can vary greatly even with small altitude changes. For now, drone operators must check the local weather conditions to ensure a safe and successful flight. This task is often a part of pre-flight preparations. Since flight conditions (and most important flight safety) are greatly affected by weather, drone operators need a more accurate localized weather map reading for the flight area. In this paper, we present the Arduino Sensor Integrated Drone (ASID) with a built-in meteorological station that logs the weather conditions in the vertical area where the drone will be deployed. ASID is an autonomous drone-based system that monitors weather conditions for pre-flight preparation. The operation of the ASID system is based on the Arduino microcontroller running automatic flight profiles to record meteorological data such as temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, etc. The Arduino microcontroller also takes photos of the horizon for an objective assessment of the visibility, the base, and the number of clouds.

Early recognizing of a hurricanes from public satellite images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kuzmitsky ◽  
M.I. Truphanov ◽  
O.B. Tarasova ◽  
D.V. Fedosenko
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Moving Points

One of the key tasks associated with the fast identification of powerful tropical hurricanes, the assessment of the growth of their power, is the formation of such an input dataset, which is based on data that are technically easy and accurately recorded and calculated using existing sources located in the open accessibility. The presented work is based on the analysis of satellite images as the main data sources, and on weather data as peripheral. An obvious advantage of satellite images in comparison with other sources of data on weather conditions is their high spatial resolution, as well as the ability to obtain data from various satellites, which increases the timeliness and accuracy of retrieving primary information. The developed approach consists in performing the following main interconnected iteratively performed groups of subtasks: calculation of feature points describing the location of individual cloud areas at different points in time by using different descriptors; comparison of the same cloud areas at specified times to analyze the local directions of cloud movements; tracking of cloudiness for specified time intervals; calculation of local features for selected points of cloudiness to recognize the origin and analyze turbulence; the formation of the dynamics of changes in the local area near the trajectory of the point; recognition of primary characteristic features characterizing the transformation of local turbulences into a stable vortex formation; identification of signs of the growing of a hurricane and assessment of the primary dynamics of the increase in its power; generalization and refinement of a priori given features by analyzing similar features of known cyclones. To detect points, a modified algorithm for finding them has been introduced. To describe the points, additional descriptors are introduced based on the normalized gradient measured for the neighborhood of neighboring points and cyclically changing in the polar coordinate system. A comparative analysis of the results of applying the created method and algorithm when compared with known similar solutions revealed the following distinctive features: introduction of additional invariant orientations of features when describing characteristic points and greater stability of detecting characteristic points when analyzing cloudiness, identification of cloudiness turbulence and analysis of changes in their local characteristics and movement parameters, formation of a set of generalizing distributions when analyzing a set of moving points for the subsequent recognition of the signs of a hurricane at its initial stages of formation. The developed approach was tested experimentally in the analysis of hurricanes video recordings and their movement in the Atlantic region for the period from 2010 to 2020. The developed general approach and a specific algorithm for estimating hurricane parameters based on cloud analysis are presented. The approach is applicable for practical implementation and allows accumulating data for detecting hurricanes in real time based on publicly available data for the development of a physical and mathematical model.

Relationship Between Pavement Temperature and Weather Data: Wisconsin Field Study to Verify Superpave Algorithm

1998 ◽  
Vol 1609 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bosscher ◽  
Hussain U. Bahia ◽  
Suwitho Thomas ◽  
Jeffrey S. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Pavement Temperature

Six test sections were constructed on US-53 in Trempealeau County by using different performance-graded asphalt binders to validate the Superpave pavement temperature algorithm and the binder specification limits. Field instrumentation was installed in two of the test sections to monitor the thermal behavior of the pavement as affected by weather. The instrumentation was used specifically to monitor the temperature of the test sections as a function of time and depth from the pavement surface. A meteorological station was assembled at the test site to monitor weather conditions, including air temperature. Details of the instrumentation systems used and analysis of the data collected during the first 22 months of the project are presented. The analysis was focused on development of a statistical model for estimation of low and high pavement temperatures from meteorological data. The model was compared to the Superpave recommended model and to the more recent model recommended by the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. The temperature data analysis indicates a strong agreement between the new model and the LTPP model for the estimation of low pavement design temperature. However, the analysis indicates that the LTPP and Superpave models underestimate the high pavement design temperature at air temperatures higher than 30°C. The temperature data analyses also indicate that there are significant differences between the standard deviation of air temperatures and the standard deviation of the pavement temperatures. These differences raise some questions about the accuracy of the reliability estimates used in the current Superpave recommendations.

Influence of Weather and Time of Day on Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Tree Canopy Entry Behaviors and Evaluation of Traps for Predicting Fruit Injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie M. Dixon ◽  
Ronald J. Prokopy ◽  
Brian B. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Conotrachelus Nenuphar ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Local Weather

In the spring of 1997, tree canopy entry behaviors of adult plum curculios, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), were estimated by three types of traps examined five times each day from 24 May (bloom) until 15 June in an unmanaged apple orchard. In addition, presence of plum curculios in the canopy, ovipositional injury to fruit, and local weather conditions (temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and wind speed) were monitored. The principal means of entry into apple trees by plum curculios appeared to be direct flights from outside the canopy into the canopy. However, the major means of tree entry on days when large amounts of oviposition occurred appeared to be crawling up or flying onto the trunk. Ovipositional injury to fruit was correlated with high temperature and low barometric pressure. The greatest amount of tree entry occurred between 1800 and 2100h. The strongest correlation found between daily trap captures and daily occurrence of injury was between captures by flight interception traps placed just outside the canopy and injury occurring the following day. Based on this, captures by flight interception traps just outside the canopies of fruit trees may have potential for predicting episodes of plum curculio damage to fruit.

scholarly journals Experiencing climate change: revisiting the role of local weather in affecting climate change awareness and related policy preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Gärtner ◽  
Harald Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Local Weather

AbstractOver the last few years, climate change has risen to the top of the agenda in many Western democracies, backed by a growing share of voters supporting climate protection policies. To understand how and why these changes came about, we revisit the question whether personal experiences with increasingly unusual local weather conditions affect people’s beliefs about climate change and their related attitudes. We first take a closer look at the theoretical underpinnings and extend the theoretical argument to account for the differential impact of different weather phenomena, as well as the role of prior beliefs and individual reference frames. Applying mixed-effects regressions to a novel dataset combining individual-level multi-wave panel survey data from up to 18,010 German voters collected from 2016 to 2019 with weather data from 514 weather stations, we show that personally experiencing unusual or extreme local weather did not shape people’s awareness of climate change as a political problem or their climate policy preferences in a sustained manner. Even among people who may be considered most likely to exhibit such effects, we did not detect them. Moreover, we demonstrate that the common modeling strategy of combining fixed-effects regression with clustered standard errors leads to severely reduced standard errors and substantively different results. We conclude that it cannot be taken for granted that personally experiencing extreme weather phenomena makes a difference in perceptions of climate change and related policy preferences.

scholarly journals Inclement weather forces stopovers and prevents migratory progress for obligate soaring migrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Mallon ◽  
Keith L. Bildstein ◽  
William F. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Cathartes Aura ◽  
Thermal Development ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
Increasing Precipitation ◽  
Turkey Vultures ◽  
Local Weather

Abstract Background Migrating birds experience weather conditions that change with time, which affect their decision to stop or resume migration. Soaring migrants are especially sensitive to changing weather conditions because they rely on the availability of environmental updrafts to subsidize flight. The timescale that local weather conditions change over is on the order of hours, while stopovers are studied at the daily scale, creating a temporal mismatch. Methods We used GPS satellite tracking data from four migratory Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) populations, paired with local weather data, to determine if the decision to stopover by migrating Turkey Vultures was in response to changing local weather conditions. We analyzed 174 migrations of 34 individuals from 2006 to 2019 and identified 589 stopovers based on variance of first passage times. We also investigated if the extent of movement activity correlated with average weather conditions experienced during a stopover, and report general patterns of stopover use by Turkey Vultures between seasons and across populations. Results Stopover duration ranged from 2 h to more than 11 days, with 51 % of stopovers lasting < 24 h. Turkey Vultures began stopovers immediately in response to changes in weather variables that did not favor thermal soaring (e.g., increasing precipitation fraction and decreasing thermal updraft velocity) and their departure from stopovers was associated with improvements in weather that favored thermal development. During stopovers, proportion of activity was negatively associated with precipitation but was positively associated with temperature and thermal updraft velocity. Conclusions The rapid response of migrating Turkey Vultures to changing weather conditions indicates weather-avoidance is one of the major functions of their stopover use. During stopovers, however, the positive relationship between proportion of movement activity and conditions that promote thermal development suggests not all stopovers are used for weather-avoidance. Our results show that birds are capable of responding rapidly to their environment; therefore, for studies interested in external drivers of weather-related stopovers, it is essential that stopovers be identified at fine temporal scales.

scholarly journals Design of meteorological information database for forecasting and clustering in microgrid system

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
V. Osypenko ◽  
◽  
N. Kiktev ◽  
T. Lendiel ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Information System ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distributed Information System ◽  
Distributed Information

To build Microgrid systems, it is necessary to obtain data from the meteorological service, process them and make decisions about which source of electricity is advisable to use at a given time of day, season, under current weather conditions. The aim of the study is to develop and create a distributed information system database for cluster analysis, processing and storage of incoming meteorological data, a weather forecasting algorithm based on the values of the selected indicators to further determine the type of alternative energy sources used based on the forecast. The article describes designed and implemented distributed information system for reading from the Internet, storing and further processing meteorological data for any region with the aim of forecasting for the effective use of renewable energy sources in Microgrid system. The project is implemented on the basis of a relational database Microsoft SQL Server. Each of the tables has fields that describe the weather conditions necessary to solve the task – to determine the source of electricity, the use of which is cost-effective in a given period of the year, time of day, geographical location and weather conditions. The application that operates with a database has been developed in C # according to the Windows Forms Application template. The distribution of temperature indicators is realized depending on the time of the conducted research for a certain period using cluster analysis. Forecasting weather data is performed using an autoregressive time series model. The user interface was created with Microsoft Visual Studio tools. All data processing is performed on the local server side.

scholarly journals Global Warming, El Niño, and High-Impact Storms at Extreme Altitude: Historical Trends and Consequences for Mountaineers

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. K. Moore ◽  
J. L. Semple ◽  
G. Hoyland
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Western Disturbances ◽  
Extreme Altitude

AbstractThe twentieth century was bracketed by two high-profile events on Mount Everest: the 1924 Mallory and Irvine disappearance and the 1996 Into Thin Air storm. During both events, fatalities occurred high on the mountain during deteriorating weather conditions. Although there have been dramatic improvements in knowledge of the mountain and in the technology used on it, it is shown that an unappreciated change that has also occurred, as a result of warming in the region, is an increase in barometric pressure. A rare and unique set of meteorological data collected at various elevations on the mountain during the 1924 British Everest expedition as well as modern datasets are used to compare and contrast conditions during the two storms and the two climbing seasons. It is shown that both storms were associated with weather systems known locally as western disturbances that resulted in summit barometric pressure drops sufficient to have exacerbated altitude-induced hypoxia. It is further shown that the Mallory and Irvine attempt occurred later in the season than typically is the case now and that this was most likely the result of a concurrent El Niño event. Despite the trend of increasing barometric pressure, the pressure drop associated with storms in the region should remain a concern for those who venture to extreme altitudes. The authors therefore argue that success and failure on Everest and other Himalayan peaks requires knowledge of the variability and trends in both the weather and climate.

scholarly journals Exposure-lag-response associations between weather conditions and ankylosing spondylitis: a time series study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xin ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Yongjian Zhu ◽  
Yanyan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Local Weather

Abstract Background Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have reported that their pain becomes worse when the local weather changes. However, there is limited evidence verifying the short-term associations between meteorological factors and outpatient visits for patients with AS. Therefore, this study evaluates this possible association. Methods Meteorological data and data on daily AS outpatient visits to a general hospital in Hefei, China, from 2014 to 2019 were collected and analysed. Distributed lag nonlinear models and Poisson regression models were employed to determine the association between weather conditions and outpatient visits; the results were also stratified by gender and age. Results High relative humidity is significantly associated with all patient visits in lag 1 (RR = 1.113, 95% CI 1.021 to 1.213) and lag 7 days (RR = 1.115, 95% CI 1.014 to 1.227). A low relative risk to the nadir is observed in lag 4 days (RR = 0.920, 95% CI 0.862 to 0.983). Male and young patients (< 65 years) are more vulnerable to damp weather, and elderly people (≥ 65 years) are significantly affected by high temperatures in lag 7 days (RR = 3.004, 95% CI 1.201 to 7.510). Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential relationship between exposure to weather conditions and increased risk of AS outpatient visits. These results can aid hospitals in preparing for and managing hospital visits by AS patients when the local weather conditions change.

scholarly journals P134 Under the weather: The Meteorological correlation in Orthopaedic Trauma and within Hertfordshire

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vella-Baldacchino ◽  
J Hanrahan ◽  
S Islam ◽  
R Sofat ◽  
Martinique Vella-Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Trauma Service ◽  
Ankle Trauma ◽  
Neck Of Femur Fracture

Abstract Background The paper aims to understand the effect of meteorological factors on the number of referrals and volume of trauma operating cases within our local area. Method Trauma data was analysed in our database: (eTrauma), a digital clinical platform that co-ordinates all admissions and: trauma theatre activity. Data consisted of number of referrals per day, patient: age, mechanism of injury and type of orthopaedic injury. Weather data was: gathered from a local weather station which: records daily weather observations. Results 1160 consultations wereanalysed, 779 required an operative intervention. Neck of femur fractures: and ankle trauma were the two most common cause of trauma, accounting for 27% and 15% respectively. Neck of femur fracture pathology were not significantly correlated with any meteorological factor studied. On the contrary, ankle trauma were the only injuries significantly correlating with temperature (p &lt; 0.03) and due point (p &lt; 0.04). Conclusion Weather has no effect on neck of femur fractures, the most common trauma pathology treated in our department. In all seasons allocated specific trauma lists for the latter should be arranged irrelevant of the weather conditions. We identified the days receiving highest referral rate, using this data to shape the future on call trauma service.

Some International Implications of Weather Modification Activities

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita F. Taubenfeld ◽  
Howard J. Taubenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Weather Modification ◽  
Scientific Opinion ◽  
Local Weather

At the present time scientific opinion has shifted to the view that man can, in certain circumstances and at certain places, modify at least local weather conditions in limited ways. Many believe that man can dissipate certain “cold” fogs in limited areas for short periods; that he can increase rainfall or snowfall by perhaps ten to fifteen percent in a local area in narrowly limited circumstances; that he can probably convert hail into less dangerous forms of precipitation, also in narrowly limited circumstances.1 Some experiments are being conducted to learn more about such phenomena as hurricanes and lightning. Man still needs to learn much more and to develop faster computers before he can begin to think of safely undertaking intentional modification on anything more than a local and highly selected basis. Nevertheless, it is clear that even the limited effects thus far produced do not stop at some predetermined boundary; both nationally and internationally attempts to modify weather can be expected to cause dislocations and friction.

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