scholarly journals Discrimination of Picea chihuahuana Martinez populations on the basis of numerous dendrometric, climatic and edaphic traits and genetic diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Karina Dominguez-Guerrero ◽  
Samantha Mariscal-Lucero ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Berthold Heinze ◽  
José Ángel Prieto-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Mean

Background. Picea chihuahuana, which is endemic to Mexico, is currently listed as “Endangered” on the Red List. Chihuahua spruce is only found in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Mexico. About 42,600 individuals are distributed in forty populations. The populations are fragmented and can be classified into three distinct clusters in the SMO of the two States (south, center and north), each group separated by a distance of about 300 km. The total area covered P. chihuahuana trees is less than 300 ha. A recent study suggested assisted migration as an alternative to the ex situ conservation of P. chihuahuana, taking into consideration the genetic structure and diversity of the populations and also predictions regarding the future climate of the habitat. However, detailed background information is required to enable development of plans for protecting and conserving species and for successful assisted migration. Thus, it is important to identify differences between populations in relation to environmental conditions. The vitality and genetic diversity of populations, which affect vigour, evolution and adaptability of the species, must also be considered. In this study, we examined the P. chihuahuana tree community growing in fourteen different locations, with the overall aim of discriminating the populations and clusters of this species using 22 climatic, 27 edaphic and 15 dasometric variables and three genetic diversity indices. Methods. Each location was represented by one 50 x 50 m plot established in the center of the location in which was measured the climate, soil, dasometric and genetic variables. The putative neutral and adaptive AFLP were used to calculate genetic diversity. Multivariate discriminant analysis including cross-validation was considered to test for significant differences in variables in the southern, central and northern populations and locations of the P. chihuahuana tree community. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the relationships between genetic diversity, population size, and the climatic, soil and dasometric variables. Results. The discriminant analysis revealed 22 highly significant variables, which separated the southern, central and northern populations. The mean genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana was significantly correlated with the mean temperature in the warmest month. Genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana calculated with putative adaptive AFLP was not statistically significantly correlated with any environmental factor. Finally, no significant correlations were observed between any of the three genetic diversity indices and population size. Discussion. At least three different ecotypes of P. chihuahuana probably exist, as local adaptation may take place because of the different environmental conditions. Therefore, future reforestation programs should take into account these different ecotypes and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Picea chihuahuana Martinez populations on the basis of numerous dendrometric, climatic and edaphic traits and genetic diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Karina Dominguez-Guerrero ◽  
Samantha Mariscal-Lucero ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Berthold Heinze ◽  
José Ángel Prieto-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Mean

Background. Picea chihuahuana, which is endemic to Mexico, is currently listed as “Endangered” on the Red List. Chihuahua spruce is only found in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Mexico. About 42,600 individuals are distributed in forty populations. The populations are fragmented and can be classified into three distinct clusters in the SMO of the two States (south, center and north), each group separated by a distance of about 300 km. The total area covered P. chihuahuana trees is less than 300 ha. A recent study suggested assisted migration as an alternative to the ex situ conservation of P. chihuahuana, taking into consideration the genetic structure and diversity of the populations and also predictions regarding the future climate of the habitat. However, detailed background information is required to enable development of plans for protecting and conserving species and for successful assisted migration. Thus, it is important to identify differences between populations in relation to environmental conditions. The vitality and genetic diversity of populations, which affect vigour, evolution and adaptability of the species, must also be considered. In this study, we examined the P. chihuahuana tree community growing in fourteen different locations, with the overall aim of discriminating the populations and clusters of this species using 22 climatic, 27 edaphic and 15 dasometric variables and three genetic diversity indices. Methods. Each location was represented by one 50 x 50 m plot established in the center of the location in which was measured the climate, soil, dasometric and genetic variables. The putative neutral and adaptive AFLP were used to calculate genetic diversity. Multivariate discriminant analysis including cross-validation was considered to test for significant differences in variables in the southern, central and northern populations and locations of the P. chihuahuana tree community. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the relationships between genetic diversity, population size, and the climatic, soil and dasometric variables. Results. The discriminant analysis revealed 22 highly significant variables, which separated the southern, central and northern populations. The mean genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana was significantly correlated with the mean temperature in the warmest month. Genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana calculated with putative adaptive AFLP was not statistically significantly correlated with any environmental factor. Finally, no significant correlations were observed between any of the three genetic diversity indices and population size. Discussion. At least three different ecotypes of P. chihuahuana probably exist, as local adaptation may take place because of the different environmental conditions. Therefore, future reforestation programs should take into account these different ecotypes and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Discrimination ofPicea chihuahuanaMartinez populations on the basis of climatic, edaphic, dendrometric, genetic and population traits

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Karina Dominguez-Guerrero ◽  
Samantha del Rocío Mariscal-Lucero ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Berthold Heinze ◽  
José Ángel Prieto-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Binomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundPicea chihuahuana, which is endemic to Mexico, is currently listed as “Endangered” on the Red List. Chihuahua spruce is only found in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Mexico. About 42,600 individuals are distributed in forty populations. These populations are fragmented and can be classified into three geographically distinct clusters in the SMO. The total area covered byP. chihuahuanapopulations is less than 300 ha. A recent study suggested assisted migration as an alternative to theex situconservation ofP. chihuahuana, taking into consideration the genetic structure and diversity of the populations and the predictions regarding the future climate of the habitat. However, detailed background information is required to enable development of plans for protecting and conserving species and for successful assisted migration. Thus, it is important to identify differences between populations in relation to environmental conditions. The genetic diversity of populations, which affect vigor, evolution and adaptability of the species, must also be considered. In this study, we examined 14 populations ofP.chihuahuana, with the overall aim of discriminating the populations and form clusters of this species.MethodsEach population was represented by one 50 × 50 m plot established in the center of its respective location. Climate, soil, dasometric, density variables and genetic and species diversities were assessed in these plots for further analyses. The putatively neutral and adaptive AFLP markers were used to calculate genetic diversity. Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering technique andk-means clustering algorithm were used to classify the populations in the optimal number of clusters. Later stepwise binomial logistic regression was applied to test for significant differences in variables of the southern and northernP. chihuahuanapopulations. Spearman’s correlation test was used to analyze the relationships among all variables studied.ResultsThe binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that seven climate variables, the geographical longitude and sand proportion in the soil separated the southern from northern populations. The northern populations grow in more arid and continental conditions and on soils with lower sand proportion. The mean genetic diversity using all AFLP studied ofP. chihuahuanawas significantly correlated with the mean temperature in the warmest month, where warmer temperatures are associated to larger genetic diversity. Genetic diversity ofP. chihuahuanacalculated with putatively adaptive AFLP was not statistically significantly correlated with any environmental factor.DiscussionFuture reforestation programs should take into account that at least two different groups (the northern and southern cluster) ofP. chihuahuanaexist, as local adaptation takes place because of different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of native and cultivated Ugandan Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner): Climate influences, breeding potential and diversity conservation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245965
Author(s):  
Catherine Kiwuka ◽  
Eva Goudsmit ◽  
Rémi Tournebize ◽  
Sinara Oliveira de Aquino ◽  
Jacob C. Douma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Adaptive Diversity ◽  
Southern Central

Wild genetic resources and their ability to adapt to environmental change are critically important in light of the projected climate change, while constituting the foundation of agricultural sustainability. To address the expected negative effects of climate change on Robusta coffee trees (Coffea canephora), collecting missions were conducted to explore its current native distribution in Uganda over a broad climatic range. Wild material from seven forests could thus be collected. We used 19 microsatellite (SSR) markers to assess genetic diversity and structure of this material as well as material from two ex-situ collections and a feral population. The Ugandan C. canephora diversity was then positioned relative to the species’ global diversity structure. Twenty-two climatic variables were used to explore variations in climatic zones across the sampled forests. Overall, Uganda’s native C. canephora diversity differs from other known genetic groups of this species. In northwestern (NW) Uganda, four distinct genetic clusters were distinguished being from Zoka, Budongo, Itwara and Kibale forests A large southern-central (SC) cluster included Malabigambo, Mabira, and Kalangala forest accessions, as well as feral and cultivated accessions, suggesting similarity in genetic origin and strong gene flow between wild and cultivated compartments. We also confirmed the introduction of Congolese varieties into the SC region where most Robusta coffee production takes place. Identified populations occurred in divergent environmental conditions and 12 environmental variables significantly explained 16.3% of the total allelic variation across populations. The substantial genetic variation within and between Ugandan populations with different climatic envelopes might contain adaptive diversity to cope with climate change. The accessions that we collected have substantially enriched the diversity hosted in the Ugandan collections and thus contribute to ex situ conservation of this vital genetic resource. However, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to enhance complementary in-situ conservation of Coffea canephora in native forests in northwestern Uganda.

Genetic diversity among and within populations of Raphanus raphanistrum and Brassica tournefortii (Brassicaceae) in Israel: a case study for planning ex situ conservation program of crop wild relatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Oz Barazani ◽  
Nir Hanin ◽  
Prabodh Kumar Bajpai ◽  
Yoni Waitz ◽  
Michal Barzilai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Brassica Tournefortii

The winter annuals Brassica tournefortii and Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae) share similar habitats and life-history traits, but differ in their reproduction system (self-compatibility vs. self-incompatibility, respectively). The two phylogenetically close species offer means to assess the effect of reproductive biology on genetic diversity between and within populations. In general, genetic diversity between populations of B. tournefortii was higher than that found between populations of R. raphanistrum, while higher genetic diversity indices were evident within populations of R. raphanistrum. In addition, the results of pairwise genetic distances indicated that the genetic distances between populations can be associated to the species’ reproductive biology and not to the population’s distribution pattern. We discuss whether knowledge of reproductive and habitat characteristics can be used to predict genetic diversity when planning sampling scheme for ex situ conservation.

Conservation genetics and ecology of the endangered rainforest shrub, Triunia robusta, from the Sunshine Coast, Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Shapcott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Mean

Triunia robusta, which until recently was thought to be extinct, is now classified nationally as endangered. It is an understorey species restricted to the subcoastal rainforests in a small region of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland. The project involved sampling the genetic variation and measuring the population size and size distribution of T. robusta and its geographically closest congener T. youngiana, which occurs further south and has a wider geographic distribution. A total of 877 T. robusta plants were recorded across the 11 populations, approximately half (56.8%) of these were juveniles less than 1 m tall, whereas in T. youngiana only about 36.4% of a population was composed of juveniles. Genetic diversity was similar but significantly higher for T. robusta than T. youngiana if the very small T. robusta populations (2 or 3 plants) were excluded from analysis (P < 0.05). The mean percentage of polymorphic loci among populations was high for both species. Triunia robusta is not, on average, more inbred than the more common T. youngiana. There was more differentiation between the T. robusta populations, which were in close proximity, than between the more geographically separated T. youngiana populations. Thus, there is evidence of more gene flow between populations of T. youngiana than between those of T. robusta. However, there was no geographic relationship between genetic similarity and geographic proximity in T. robusta

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of long-established populations of Elaeis guineensis jacquin (Arecaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyvia Pontes Teixeira das Chagas ◽  
Ageu da Silva Monteiro Freire ◽  
Luciana Gomes Pinheiro ◽  
Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo ◽  
Fábio de Almeida Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Infinite Allele Model ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Stepwise Mutation ◽  
Conservation Projects

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of three Elaeis guineensis populations in Rio Grande do Norte state, as well as to verify the decreases in effective population size. The population with the highest polymorphism was MAT (Mata) with+ 57 loci (72%), followed by RIA (Riacho) with 54 loci (68%) and HOR (Horta) with 34 loci (43.03%). The RIA population was shown to be the most genetically diverse, with Nei (h = 0.28) and Shannon (I = 0.41) diversity indices. There was high genetic differentiation among populations (AMOVA, analysis of molecular variance = 42%), which was separated into three distinct genetic groups according to a Bayesian analysis. There was a significant population decrease (P < 0.05) for the HOR population in the IAM (infinite allele model) and SMM (stepwise mutation model), and for the RIA population in the IAM. The data obtained in this study may support ex-situ conservation projects for Elaeis guineensis, contributing to the selection of genotypes and their sustainable use.

scholarly journals The length, number, and endodermis area of needles discriminate two genetically distinct populations of Cedrus atlantica Manetti in the Moroccan Middle Atlas

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezha El Bakkali ◽  
Mohammed Bendriss Amraoui
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Central Cylinder ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cedrus Atlantica ◽  
Middle Atlas ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Genetic Distinctiveness ◽  
Two Populations

The variation in some adaptive characters of cedar needles was studied in two different regions of the Moroccan Middle Atlas that have different local environmental conditions and levels of genetic diversity. The two populations are localized in the Azrou and Ifrane regions. Tukey’s tests showed that the needle/brachyblast number (Nn/R), length (Nl), and needle width (Nw) showed the greatest variation. In addition, all anatomical characters studied showed a significant correlation with Nw, whereas only the area of the vascular bundles (AVb) was related to Nl. Discriminant analysis revealed that Nn/R, Nl, and the area of the central cylinder (ACc) are high-discriminating characters among populations of Azrou and Ifrane and confirms their isolation. These adaptations of the morphological and anatomical traits of the Atlas cedar needles of the Azrou and Ifrane regions are discussed in relation to the local environmental conditions and have been found to be in harmony with their genetic distinctiveness revealed previously.

The population genetic structure and diversification of Aristolochia delavayi (Aristolochiaceae), an endangered species of the dry hot valleys of the Jinsha River, southwestern China

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yun Yang ◽  
Ting-Shuang Yi ◽  
Liang-Qin Zeng ◽  
Xun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Aristolochia delavayi Franch. is an endangered species of the dry hot valleys of the Jinsha River, southwestern China. The genetic diversity and structure of the species and the occurrence of gene flow were investigated with eight inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and four plastid loci (matK, trnL-trnT, rps4-trnT, and trnC-rpoB). The analysis of ISSR markers indicated that the genetic diversity of the species is relatively high (PPB = 84.71%). Similarly, a high gene diversity of HT = 0.833 was found based on the four plastid loci. It is possible that this species previously maintained a large effective population size and that the current relict distribution of the species is a result of large-scale fragmentation and habitat destruction. The origin of the species at approximately 3.407 million years ago and the ensuing intraspecific divergence are generally consistent with the history of two major glaciations in this region. Conservation measures are urgently needed to increase the genetic diversity and population size of this species through both in- and ex-situ action.

scholarly journals Comparing Genetic Diversity in Three Threatened Oaks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Emma Suzuki Spence ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Kayri Havens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Geographic Range Size

Genetic diversity is a critical resource for species’ survival during times of environmental change. Conserving and sustainably managing genetic diversity requires understanding the distribution and amount of genetic diversity (in situ and ex situ) across multiple species. This paper focuses on three emblematic and IUCN Red List threatened oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), a highly speciose tree genus that contains numerous rare species and poses challenges for ex situ conservation. We compare the genetic diversity of three rare oak species—Quercus georgiana, Q. oglethorpensis, and Q. boyntonii—to common oaks; investigate the correlation of range size, population size, and the abiotic environment with genetic diversity within and among populations in situ; and test how well genetic diversity preserved in botanic gardens correlates with geographic range size. Our main findings are: (1) these three rare species generally have lower genetic diversity than more abundant oaks; (2) in some cases, small population size and geographic range correlate with genetic diversity and differentiation; and (3) genetic diversity currently protected in botanic gardens is inadequately predicted by geographic range size and number of samples preserved, suggesting non-random sampling of populations for conservation collections. Our results highlight that most populations of these three rare oaks have managed to avoid severe genetic erosion, but their small size will likely necessitate genetic management going forward.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Eurycoma apiculata in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfahmi Zulfahmi ◽  
Parjanto Parjanto ◽  
Edi Purwanto ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Zulfahmi, Parjanto, Purwanto E, Yunus A. 2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of Eurycoma apiculata in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4431-4439. Information on genetic variation within and among populations of Eurycoma apiculata plants is important to develop strategies for their conservation, sustainable use, and genetic improvement. To date, no information on genetic variation within and among populations of the E. apiculata has been reported. This study aims to assess genetic diversity within and among populations of E. apiculata based on RAPD markers, and to determine populations to collect E. apiculata genetic material for conservation and breeding programs. Young leaves of E. apiculata were collected from six natural populations. Fifteen RAPD primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of each population. The data obtained were analyzed with POPGEN and Arlequin software. The amplification results of 15 selected primers produced 3-16 loci with all primers 100% polymorphic. At the species level, the mean allele per locus (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei’s gene diversity index (He) and Shannon information index (I) were 2.000, 1.244, 100%, 0.167, and 0.286, respectively. At the population level, the mean values for Na, Ne, PPL, He and I were 1.393, 1.312, 39.27%, 0.119, and 0.186, respectively. The highest value of gene diversity within population (He) was found in the Lingga-1 population and the lowest value was found in the Rumbio population. The value of genetic differentiation among populations (GST) of E. apiculata is 0.284, consistent with the results of the AMOVA analysis which found that genetic variation among populations was 23.14%, indicates that the genetic variation of E. apiculata was more stored within populations than among populations. The gene flow (Nm) value of E. apiculata was 1.259 migrants per generation among populations. The Nm value of this species was high category, and could inhibit genetic differentiation among populations. The clustering of E. apiculata population based on the UPGMA dendrogram and PCA was inconsistent with its geographic distribution, reflecting the possibility that genes migration occurred between islands in the past. The main finding of this study was the genetic variation of the E. apiculata mostly stored within the population. Therefore, the population with the highest genetic diversity is a priority for in-situ conservation, and collection of E. apiculata genetic material for ex-situ conservation and breeding programs should be carried out minimum from Lingga-1 and Pokomo populations.

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