scholarly journals The impact of floating dust on net photosynthetic rate of Populus euphratica in early spring, at Zepu, northwestern China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo XUE ◽  
Zhenxing SHEN ◽  
Wei HAN ◽  
Shanyang XU ◽  
Xiaohua MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Dust Weather ◽  
The Impact

Floating dust weather is an annual natural phenomenon in early spring in south of Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region, northwestern China. Floating dust in air can influence human health and plant growth. Populus euphratica is a rare tree species which can grow in hot and dry conditions. Some investigations have evaluated the effect of floating dust on plants by means of artificial dust to which simulates the natural sand and dust, but the mechanism by which plants respond to sand is poorly understood. The investigation presented in this paper focused on a comparison of the variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) before and during floating dust weather, to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Stomatal conductance (gs) and Pn appeared to increase during floating dust weather;in contrast, stomatal limitation (Ls) and non-stomatal limitation (Lns) decreased with photosynthetic active radiation in the range 500 to 2000 μmol m−2s−1,which is optimum for plant growth. Aerosol ions, including potassium, dissolved in water collected by foliar structures or tender stems, may come into contact with intercellular stroma and improve chloroplast activity or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (Rubisco) levels, such as potassium, thereby influencing Ls and Lns. Moreover, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and sodium in aerosols appeared to increase Pn, and this may be due to nutrient compounds in aerosols, which may have a similar effect to spraying fertilizer on leaves. In addition, the high relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in air during floating dust weather may facilitate an increase in Pn.

scholarly journals The impact of floating dust on net photosynthetic rate of Populus euphratica in early spring, at Zepu, northwestern China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo XUE ◽  
Zhenxing SHEN ◽  
Wei HAN ◽  
Shanyang XU ◽  
Xiaohua MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Dust Weather ◽  
The Impact

Floating dust weather is an annual natural phenomenon in early spring in south of Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region, northwestern China. Floating dust in air can influence human health and plant growth. Populus euphratica is a rare tree species which can grow in hot and dry conditions. Some investigations have evaluated the effect of floating dust on plants by means of artificial dust to which simulates the natural sand and dust, but the mechanism by which plants respond to sand is poorly understood. The investigation presented in this paper focused on a comparison of the variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) before and during floating dust weather, to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Stomatal conductance (gs) and Pn appeared to increase during floating dust weather;in contrast, stomatal limitation (Ls) and non-stomatal limitation (Lns) decreased with photosynthetic active radiation in the range 500 to 2000 μmol m−2s−1,which is optimum for plant growth. Aerosol ions, including potassium, dissolved in water collected by foliar structures or tender stems, may come into contact with intercellular stroma and improve chloroplast activity or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (Rubisco) levels, such as potassium, thereby influencing Ls and Lns. Moreover, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and sodium in aerosols appeared to increase Pn, and this may be due to nutrient compounds in aerosols, which may have a similar effect to spraying fertilizer on leaves. In addition, the high relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in air during floating dust weather may facilitate an increase in Pn.

scholarly journals Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis of Populus euphratica Oliv. leaves in an extremely arid area of northwestern China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlong Gao ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Xiande Liu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Populus Euphratica Oliv ◽  
Stomatal Limitations

Abstract On the basis of successive measurements of leaf gas exchange during the main growing seasons of Populus euphratica Oliv. in 2013 and 2014, respectively, we analyzed the stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis under natural conditions in an extremely arid region of northwestern China. Our results showed that (1) the distribution patterns of net photosynthesis (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) were similar, both of which increased in the morning, peaked at around noon, and then decreased. This contrasted with the observed changes in sub-stomatal CO2 concentrations (Ci). (2) The phenomenon of midday depression of photosynthesis (MDP) was obvious from July to September during the two years. At the beginning of MDP, the stomatal limitation to photosynthesis (Ls) peaked, where its predominance was supported by Ci being at a minimum. Thereafter, Ls decreased and Ci/gs increased sharply, indicating that the non-stomatal limitation to photosynthesis predominated. (3) Both the Ls and relative stomatal limitation to photosynthesis (RLs) increased in the morning, and then decreased, whereas Ci/gs presented contrary changes. (4) The RLs values were greater than the Ls values, which was mainly due to the nonlinearity of the Pn/Ci curve, which often leads to large overestimations. (5) The Ls values in our study were much greater than those from other studies under natural conditions. The most probable reason was that the extremely high temperature and scarce water resource caused the stomata to close to reduce transpiration, resulting in the stomatal limitation to photosynthesis being more intense.

scholarly journals High Tunnel Coverings Alter Crop Productivity and Microclimate of Tomato and Lettuce

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Gude ◽  
Eleni D. Pliakoni ◽  
Brianna Cunningham ◽  
Kanwal Ayub ◽  
Qing Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of high tunnels has shown to increase marketability and/or yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) crops compared with open-field systems. These structures provide the opportunity to alter light intensity and spectral quality by using specific polyethylene (poly) films and/or shadecloth, which may affect microclimate and subsequent crop productivity. However, little is known about how specific high tunnel coverings affect these parameters. The overall goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of various high tunnel coverings on the microclimate and crop productivity of tomato and lettuce. The coverings included standard, ultraviolet (UV)-stabilized poly film (standard); diffuse poly (diffuse); full-spectrum clear poly (clear); UV-A/B blocking poly (block); standard + 55% shadecloth (shade); and removal of standard poly 2 weeks before initial harvest to simulate a movable tunnel (movable). Microclimate parameters that were observed included canopy and soil temperatures, canopy growing degree-days (GDD), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), and crop productivity included yield and net photosynthetic rate. Hybrid red ‘BHN 589’ tomatoes were grown during the summer, and red ‘New Red Fire’ and green ‘Two Star’ leaf lettuce were grown in both spring and fall in 2017 and 2018. Increased temperature, GDD, and PAR were observed during the spring and summer compared with the fall. The soil temperatures during the summer increased more under the clear covering compared with the others. For tomato, the shade produced lower total fruit yield and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) compared with the other treatments, which were similar (P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The greatest yield was 7.39 kg/plant, which was produced under the clear covering. For red leaf lettuce grown in the spring, the plants under the clear, standard, and diffuse coverings had significantly greater yield than the movable and shade coverings (P < 0.001). The coverings had less effect on the yield during the fall lettuce trials, which may have been attributed to the decrease in PAR and environmental temperatures. The findings of this study suggest that high tunnel coverings affect both microclimate and yield of lettuce and tomato.

scholarly journals Leaf Gas Exchange of Tomato Depends on Abscisic Acid and Jasmonic Acid in Response to Neighboring Plants under Different Soil Nitrogen Regimes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽  
Zhuanyun Si ◽  
Yueping Liang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
The Impact

High planting density and nitrogen shortage are two important limiting factors for crop yield. Phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA), play important roles in plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted to reveal the role of ABA and JA in regulating leaf gas exchange and growth in response to the neighborhood of plants under different nitrogen regimes. The experiment included two factors: two planting densities per pot (a single plant or four competing plants) and two N application levels per pot (1 and 15 mmol·L−1). Compared to when a single plant was grown per pot, neighboring competition decreased stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) and net photosynthesis (Pn). Shoot ABA and JA and the shoot-to-root ratio increased in response to neighbors. Both gs and Pn were negatively related to shoot ABA and JA. In addition, N shortage stimulated the accumulation of ABA in roots, especially for competing plants, whereas root JA in competing plants did not increase in N15. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R2) of gs to ABA and gs to JA was higher in N1 than in N15. As compared to the absolute value of slope of gs to shoot ABA in N15, it increased in N1. Furthermore, the stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation of competing plants in N1 were much higher than in other treatments. It was concluded that the accumulations of ABA and JA in shoots play a coordinating role in regulating gs and Pn in response to neighbors; N shortage could intensify the impact of competition on limiting carbon fixation and plant growth directly.

The Effect of Water Stress on the Physiology of Vinca major 'Variegata'

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 782-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yong Liao ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Vinca Major

The effects of water stress on the two year old Vinca majorVariegata were tested for proving the irrigation guidance for its application in the garden. The results showed that the water flood and the drought stress suppressed the plant growth. After treated with flooding for 13days, the qP, ETR, Fv'/Fm' and net photosynthetic rate were decreased, but the qN were increased and the plants were dead. The mid drought stress (the water content of soil were between 20 percent and 30 percent) slightly affected the growth of plant, which embodies in the slight decline of chlorophyll, qP, ETR, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm and qP, the ascend of net photosynthetic rate. Drought Stress badly affected the growth of plant, which embodies in the decline of chlorophyll, qP, ETR, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, qP and net photosynthetic rate. The best irrigation for plant was the water content of soil between 20 percent and 30 percent, which does not affect the ornamental value of Robinia pseudoacacia and save the irrigation water. So the application of V. majorVariegata should avoid in the place for over 13 days water flood.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Frequency Affect Hydrangea Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Two Container Types

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Geoffrey C. Denny ◽  
Carolyn Scagel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Plastic Containers

Plant growth, water use, photosynthetic performance, and nitrogen (N) uptake of ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) were investigated. Plants were fertilized with one of five N rates (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm from NH4NO3), irrigated once or twice per day with the same total daily amount of water, and grown in either a paper biodegradable container or a traditional plastic container. Greater N rate generally increased plant growth index (PGI) in both plastic and biocontainers. Leaf and total plant dry weight (DW) increased with increasing N rate from 0 to 20 mm and stem and root DW were greatest when fertilized with 15 mm and 20 mm N. Plants fertilized with 20 mm N had the greatest leaf area and chlorophyll content in terms of SPAD reading. Container type had no influence on DW accumulation or leaf area. N concentrations (%) in leaves, roots, and the entire plant increased with increasing N rate. N concentrations in roots and in the entire plant were lower in biocontainers compared with plastic containers. Greater N rate generally increased daily water use (DWU), and biocontainers had greater DWU than plastic containers. The 20 mm N rate resulted in the highest net photosynthetic rate measured on 11 Sept. and 22 Sept. (65 and 76 days after treatment). Net photosynthetic rate (measured on 8 Oct.) and stomatal conductance (gS) (measured on 27 Aug., 22 Sept., and 8 Oct.) were lower in biocontainers compared with plastic containers. Two irrigations per day resulted in higher substrate moisture at 5-cm depth than one irrigation per day, and slightly increased PGI on 19 Aug. However, irrigation frequency did not affect photosynthetic rate, gS, or N uptake of hydrangea plants except in stems. Considering the increased water use of hydrangea plants when grown in the paper biocontainer and lower plant photosynthesis and N uptake, the tested paper biocontainer may not serve as a satisfactory sustainable alternative to traditional plastic containers.

Diurnal variation in net photosynthetic rate and influencing environmentalfactors of Elaeagnus mollis Diels leaf

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Qun-Long LIU ◽  
Chan-Juan NING ◽  
Duo WANG ◽  
Guo-Liang WU ◽  
Hong-Mei ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elaeagnus Mollis

scholarly journals Tracking of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Effects on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plant Growth, Pigments, Mineral Content and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽  
Nagwa I. Abu-Elsaad ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Rabab A. Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zinc Ferrite ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Nanocrystalline Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
The Impact

Important gaps in knowledge remain regarding the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) for plants, particularly the existence of helpful microorganisms, for instance, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi present in the soil. Hence, more profound studies are required to distinguish the impact of NPs on plant growth inoculated with AM fungi and their role in NP uptake to develop smart nanotechnology implementations in crop improvement. Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) NPs are prepared via the citrate technique and defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as transmission electron microscopy for several physical properties. The analysis of the XRD pattern confirmed the creation of a nanocrystalline structure with a crystallite size equal to 25.4 nm. The effects of ZnFe2O4 NP on AM fungi, growth and pigment content as well as nutrient uptake of pea (Pisum sativum) plants were assessed. ZnFe2O4 NP application caused a slight decrease in root colonization. However, its application showed an augmentation of 74.36% and 91.89% in AM pea plant shoots and roots’ fresh weights, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the synthesized ZnFe2O4 NP uptake by plant roots and their contents were enhanced by AM fungi. These findings suggest the safe use of ZnFe2O4 NPs in nano-agricultural applications for plant development with AM fungi.

scholarly journals Response of altitudinal vegetation belts of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China to climate change during 1989–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Lu-yu Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Cheng-bang An
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Altitudinal Belts ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWithin the mountain altitudinal vegetation belts, the shift of forest tree lines and subalpine steppe belts to high altitudes constitutes an obvious response to global climate change. However, whether or not similar changes occur in steppe belts (low altitude) and nival belts in different areas within mountain systems remain undetermined. It is also unknown if these, responses to climate change are consistent. Here, using Landsat remote sensing images from 1989 to 2015, we obtained the spatial distribution of altitudinal vegetation belts in different periods of the Tianshan Mountains in Northwestern China. We suggest that the responses from different altitudinal vegetation belts to global climate change are different. The changes in the vegetation belts at low altitudes are spatially different. In high-altitude regions (higher than the forest belts), however, the trend of different altitudinal belts is consistent. Specifically, we focused on analyses of the impact of changes in temperature and precipitation on the nival belts, desert steppe belts, and montane steppe belts. The results demonstrated that the temperature in the study area exhibited an increasing trend, and is the main factor of altitudinal vegetation belts change in the Tianshan Mountains. In the context of a significant increase in temperature, the upper limit of the montane steppe in the eastern and central parts will shift to lower altitudes, which may limit the development of local animal husbandry. The montane steppe in the west, however, exhibits the opposite trend, which may augment the carrying capacity of pastures and promote the development of local animal husbandry. The lower limit of the nival belt will further increase in all studied areas, which may lead to an increase in surface runoff in the central and western regions.

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