Secular Evolution in Ireland

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
David T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Muslim Minority

How has Irish benevolent secularism withstood challenges brought on by rapid decline in Catholic influence over the past quarter century? This chapter documents the role of religious-secular and interfaith partnerships in steering institutional change in Ireland during this period. Benevolent secularism has evolved without changing into a more assertive form of secularism. The chapter traces secular evolution in areas like education policy and accommodating the growing Muslim minority. It traces elite alliances through field interviews, and then documents similar consensus in public opinion data.

Secular Evolution in Senegal

2017 ◽  
pp. 106-132
Author(s):  
David T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The Past

How has Senegal’s benevolent secularism withstood challenges brought on by religious revival and political competition over the past quarter century? This chapter documents the role of religious-secular and interfaith partnerships in steering institutional change in Senegal during this period. Benevolent secularism has evolved in spite of political manipulation by the administration of former-President Wade and efforts from some to privilege portions of the Muslim community. The chapter traces secular evolution in areas like education policy and the crucial election of 2010. It traces elite alliances through field interviews, and then documents similar consensus in public opinion data.

Secular Evolution in the Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 154-182
Author(s):  
David T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Secular Evolution ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Legislation

How has the Philippines’ benevolent secularism withstood challenges brought on by authoritarian rule and religious pluralization over the past quarter century? This chapter documents the role of religious-secular and interfaith partnerships in steering institutional change in Philippines in two periods: the “People Power” Revolution against the Marcos dictatorship and more recent contention over reproductive health legislation. Religious-secular and interfaith alliances helped topple the Marcos regime, and more recently have alleviated some tensions related to reproductive health legislation. The chapter traces elite alliances through field interviews and records of the 1986 Constitutional Commission, and then documents similar consensus in public opinion data.

New Agendas for Special Education Policy: What the National Reports Haven't Said

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Pugach ◽  
Mara Sapon-Shevin
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Special Education Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The calls for educational reform that have dominated the professional and lay literature for the past few years have been decidedly silent in discussing the role of special education either as a contributor or a solution to the problems being raised. As an introduction to this “Special Focus” on the relationship between general educational reform and special education, this article summarizes some of the more prominent reports with regard to their treatment (and nontreatment) of special education. The impact of proposed reforms for the conceptualization and operation of special education is the subject of the five articles that follow.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Pharmacological Enhancement of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl d) ◽  
pp. 145D-151D ◽  
Author(s):  
M Keith Hanna ◽  
Kenneth A Kudsk
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Severely Injured Patients ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Lower Morbidity

There has been an explosion of research in the field of nutrition over the past quarter century. Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of providing nutrition by the enteral route in reducing septic morbidity in critically ill patients. These improved outcomes have been substantiated by animal models that show that enteral nutrition decreases gut permeability while maintaining the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in mucosal immunity. Evidence points to the important immunological role of the gut in the maintenance of mucosal immunity at both intestinal and extraintestinal sites. The preservation of this mucosal immunity by enteral nutrition is consistent with the lower morbidity seen in severely injured patients who receive nutrition via the gastrointestinal tract. For patients who are unable to be fed by the enteral route and who require parenteral nutrition, several supplements show promise in enhancing the mucosal immune system defenses. The nutritional and pharmacological tactics that may enhance the GALT and thereby maintain mucosal immunity are examined.

Judicializing Religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tew
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Malaysian Politics ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Civil Courts

Religion has become one of the great fault lines of modern Malaysian politics and adjudication. This chapter focuses on the role of religion and religious freedom in the contemporary Malaysian state. It outlines the constitution-making process to locate the place of Islam and religious liberty within the Constitution’s generally secular original framework. Over the past quarter century, the politicization and judicialization of religion has led to an expansion of Islam’s role, fueling polarizing debate over the Malaysian state’s identity as secular or Islamic. Courts have contributed to elevating Islam’s position by deferring jurisdiction to the Sharia courts and expansively interpreting Islam’s constitutional position. The chapter then turns from the descriptive to the prescriptive. It discusses how courts can draw on the constitutional basic structure doctrine to entrench the judicial power of the civil courts to reclaim jurisdictional areas that engage constitutional rights which in the past they have ceded to the religious courts, such as apostasy. It also outlines how courts can use a purposive interpretive approach in line with the Constitution’s framework of protection for religious minorities and individual rights. Finally, it shows how the court can operationalize a proportionality analysis to closely scrutinize government regulations that restrict religious freedom or freedom of expression.

Probable impact of the 1994 elections on laboratory medicine

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1223-1227
Author(s):  
H S Foster
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Probable Impact ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

Abstract During the past quarter century, federal health policy makers concerned themselves with: (a) improving the quality of healthcare delivered to the American public; (b) increasing access to needed healthcare services; and (c) curtailing the escalating cost of such services. These goals led Congress to expand the role of the federal government in regulating the delivery of healthcare. The enactment of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88) was a significant and widely discussed example of how Congress, when controlled by the Democrats, sought to correct healthcare problems and achieve federal objectives. In November 1994, the Republicans won majorities in both the Senate and the House, promising to reduce the federal government's power. Many now believe that CLIA '88, or significant parts of it, could be substantially modified as part of this effort. This paper addresses the developments that led the Democrats to seek enactment of CLIA '88 and the likely arguments that may be offered by the Republicans to lessen the rigor and scope of the law.

Social Entrepreneurship Research: Past Achievements and Future Promises

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Saebi ◽  
Nicolai J. Foss ◽  
Stefan Linder
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Growth ◽  
Cumulative Knowledge

The past decade has witnessed a surge of research interest in social entrepreneurship (SE). This has resulted in important insights concerning the role of SE in fostering inclusive growth and institutional change. However, the rapid growth of SE research, the emerging nature of the literature, and the fact that SE builds on different disciplines and fields (e.g., entrepreneurship, sociology, economics, ethics) have led to a rather fragmented literature without dominant frameworks. This situation risks leading to a duplication of efforts and hampers cumulative knowledge growth. Drawing on 395 peer-reviewed articles on SE, we (1) identify gaps in SE research on three levels of analysis (i.e., individual, organizational, institutional), (2) proffer an integrative multistage, multilevel framework, and (3) discuss promising avenues for further research on SE.

Presidents, Parties, and Referenda in Latin America

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Durán-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Setting Process

Over the past two decades the use of referenda has spread throughout Latin America, and 39 referenda have taken place since 1990. For some observers, referenda can improve accountability, promote participation, and reduce corruption. For others, given the strong tradition of Latin American presidentialism, referenda can be manipulated by populist presidents attempting to bypass unpopular representative institutions such as congresses or to bolster their popularity. This article provides a more nuanced view of referenda, arguing that presidents cannot always manipulate referenda to increase their power. The effect of referenda on executive power varies depending on the scope of the referenda, that is, whether they aim at institutional change or, alternatively, at policy change. Moreover, the agenda-setting process and the role of political parties in referenda campaigns also mediate the effect of referenda on executive power. Although referenda do not necessarily enhance executive power, the risks of presidential manipulation are strong, and thus referenda should be carried out taking sufficient precautions.

scholarly journals Genocide of Rohingya Muslims and Role of Contemporary World Actors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Dr. Amir Ahmad Khuhro ◽  
Dr. Liaquat Ali Chandio ◽  
Aijaz Ahmed Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Ethnic Factors

Myanmar is the region of Buddhist religious community where lived other races as minorities like Rohingya Muslims.  From many decades the Muslims have been victims of widespread violation policies of the Myanmar government. It is adopted gradual, multidimensional discriminatory and oppressive policies against the Rohingya people. The proposed research is an attempt to explore the reasons behind genocide activities took against the Rohingya as a Muslim minority in Myanmar (former Burma). The Muslim minority issue in Myanmar is attached to the past when they came and settled in southern areas of the former Burma (Myanmar). The Rohingya minority crises are also creating the political and regional tensions. So, the local and international powers are diverting their attention to handle the issues of Rohingya Muslims as well. Through the deductive and analytical approach very best tried to analyze the social and ethnic factors into the scenario of Rohingya Muslims genocide confronts within the structure of non-traditional security crisis. The inhuman activities against Rohingya Muslims can stop and bring about a durable solution by the concrete efforts of the local and international communities.

Gustave Doré and the Modern Biblical Imagination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Paintings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magic Lantern

Gustave Doré and the Modern Biblical Imagination explores the role of biblical imagery in modernity through the lens of Gustave Doré (1832–83), whose work is among the most reproduced and adapted scriptural imagery in the history of Judeo-Christianity. First published in France in late 1865, Doré’s Bible illustrations received widespread critical acclaim among both religious and lay audiences, and the next several decades saw unprecedented dissemination of the images on an international scale. In 1868, the Doré Gallery opened in London, featuring monumental religious paintings that drew 2.5 million visitors over the course of a quarter century; when the gallery’s holdings traveled to the United States in 1892, exhibitions at venues such as the Art Institute of Chicago drew record crowds. The United States saw the most creative appropriations of Doré’s images among a plethora of media, from prayer cards and magic lantern slides to massive stained-glass windows and the spectacular epic films of Cecil B. DeMille. This book repositions biblical imagery at the center of modernity, an era that has often been defined through a process of secularization. The veracity and authority of the Bible came under unprecedented scrutiny and were at the center of a range of historical, theological, and cultural debates. Gustave Doré is at the nexus of these narratives, as his work established the most pervasive visual language for biblical imagery in the past two and a half centuries and constitutes the means by which the Bible has persistently been translated visually for modern audiences.

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