Historical Aspect of Inflation in Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Covid-19 Pandemic proved to be very dangerous and catastrophic in the entire history of mankind. It affected every corner of the world within less than a year. It changed the lifestyle and paralyzed all modern technology and killed millions of people around the globe. This study presents the historical overview of major world pandemics and Covid-19 as well. It also examines the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on inflation and on other sectors of Pakistan's economy. The results reveal that covid-19 is the main culprit responsible for double digit inflation and slow economic growth in Pakistan. The present study explores that during 2020 high inflation was due to world lock down while in 2021 the main cause of inflation was persistent increase in oil prices, food shortage, political instability in Afghanistan and devaluation of Pakistan’s rupee. The results indicate that Covid-19 affects adversely every sector of Pakistan economy. The study suggests that government should pay proper attention to health of the general public and implement suitable policies to stabilize the economic growth.

A Historical and Econometric Analysis of Energy Consumption and Industrial Output in Pakistan (1990-2019)

This paper examines the nexus of disaggregated energy consumption and industrial output in Pakistan. The annual time series data over the period 1990-2019 has been taken for current research. ARDL technique has been employed for empirical analysis. The results show that oil consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are positively and significantly connected with the industrial output in long run. Similarly, trade openness, labour and capital also have the same association with the industrial output and have significant outcomes in the long run. The results of Granger causality show that there exists a unidirectional causality from electricity consumption to industrial output. The study concludes that oil, gas and electricity are contributing a large share in industrial growth so that it would be made an effort to install the plants relevant with these energy sources to meet the affordable demand in the industry sector.

The Historical Role of Work Social Support, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Innovation Capabilities

This study aims to observe the impact of work social system (WSS) on innovative capability through knowledge sharing process and corporate social responsibility (CSR) through happiness feeling and job satisfaction. Several models from empirical studies were developed to test the relations such as organizational trust as moderator and happiness, knowledge sharing and job satisfaction as mediators. The data was collected in the form of questionnaires from the bank employees in the southern region of Pakistan. The study finds the results in consistent with the previous studies which show the positive relation between trust, innovation, and the supervisory support. This paper concludes that taking volunteer activities increases job satisfaction, happiness feeling in employees. This study has implications of promoting positive environment and culture by the managers and using organizational trust as a moderator instead of a mediator.

Post –Modern Trends of Historiography in Pakistan

The name of Pakistani historians I.H. Qureshi, K.K.Aziz and Ayesha Jallal are highly praised for their work on the history of Pakistan. They adopted different research patterns for their research and introduced the new directions for historiography. The research methodology of each is different to other. The work of I. H. Qurushi consider the authentic source of Pakistani historiography but K.K. Aziz criticized the work of former author and believes that Pakistani classic research work and text books are full of wrong information and do not provide the reasonable and rational guidance to the new generation. But Ayesh Jallal the new famous and appreciated Pakistani historian took the next step in the field of historiography and introduced the method of focusing on the factors which forced the circumstances to shift interests and make history different. They contributed well to improve the Pakistani writing style and make Pakistani historiography up to date so that it will compete the worldwide history works.

The Historical Role of Work Social Support, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Innovation Capabilities

This study aims to observe the impact of work social system (WSS) on innovative capability through knowledge sharing process and corporate social responsibility (CSR) through happiness feeling and job satisfaction. Several models from empirical studies were developed to test the relations such as organizational trust as moderator and happiness, knowledge sharing and job satisfaction as mediators. The data was collected in the form of questionnaires from the bank employees in the southern region of Pakistan. The study finds the results in consistent with the previous studies which show the positive relation between trust, innovation, and the supervisory support. This paper concludes that taking volunteer activities increases job satisfaction, happiness feeling in employees. This study has implications of promoting positive environment and culture by the managers and using organizational trust as a moderator instead of a mediator.

The Historical Role of Work Social Support and Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) and Innovation Capabilities

There has been very little research done on the topic of eco-friendly HRM practices in the oil and gas business, despite its theoretical importance. By looking at the causes and consequences of green human resource management in Pakistani oil and gas companies, we try to address this knowledge gap. The PLS approach was used to evaluate the data received from 121 managers. It was found that top-level management support and environmental orientation are prerequisites to implementing green human resource management. Second, we discovered that implementing green human resource management increased employee satisfaction with job, organizational commitment, and environmental performance. Because it provides new insights into green human resource management as well as a roadmap for accomplishing sustainable development goals, this study is important both theoretically and practically.

Impact of Shimla Agreement on the Application of UN Resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir: A Critical Analysis under International Law

The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the impact of the Shimla Agreement on the application of the United Nations’ resolution on Jammu and Kashmir with special reference to the International law. The conflict of Jammu and Kashmir has been a longstanding conflict for right to self-determination for people of Jammu and Kashmir. There are almost twenty resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP on Jammu and Kashmir and the issue is still pending in the United Nations Security Council. However, there has been a debate on the impact of the Shimla agreement on the applicability and validity of the resolutions of the United Nations in post 1972 scenario. This paper will critically analyze and objectively review the various legal dimensions of the Shimla Agreement in juxtaposition with the leading principles of International law as well as decisions of the ICJ on similar matters. Moreover, this paper will also analyze the nature, scope and applicability of the resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP in the light of the International law. The findings of this research work are based upon the critical review of the existing literature on the Shimla Agreement and its impact on the UN Resolutions. This study will suggest the effective analysis and will address all the questions pertaining to the nature, scope and legal impact of the Shimla Agreement on the nature and scope of applicability of UN Resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir. This study can be very useful and relevant in future to analyze the nature of the Shimla agreement and the binding nature and applicability of the resolutions of the United Nations on Jammu and Kashmir.

History and the Future of the Hybrid Party Politics in Neoliberal Age: A Case of Pakistan

The causes of rising populism and collapse of the left-right ideological paradigms termed “death of ideology” is important development on election canvas. This trend in recent decades has been described as hybrid party politics. The neo-liberal discourse in hybrid regime shape party politics with free market values, issues of inequality, denial of social justice, and crises of freedom are rampant. Consequently, hybrid party politics perpetuate systemic deprivation and chronic punishment to marginalized sections. The fast penetration of neoliberal and populist elements quickly fused into multi-layered public pedagogy. The common political discourse propounds for quick solutions to seek legitimacy with expanding corporate power constantly. The socioeconomic inequalities consequence of expanding neo-liberal values in all spheres like education and electoral practices have recently started crucially influencing urban socio-political environment that shape populist narratives in electoral arena. Neoliberal-populists leadership promote free market policies that push forward neoliberal populist rhetoric across political parties of different shades. The combination of neo-liberalism and populism thrives on subjects who perceive it solution to their problems. Thus, fast penetrating market-centric subjectivities consider alternative subjectivities outside perimeters of social dignity therefore political inclusiveness becomes subject to connection with power. The educative public pedagogy has been at the base of rising populism unfolding hybrid party politics

Knowledge of Sufism and the Symbolic Interpretation of Paradise Garden Design Concept

As human beings we stand on the edge of two truths: the existing material world and the Spiritual being world. The knowing heart is the holy place, where these two dimensions meets and combined. In Sufi lessons the mortal heart of human is not an imaginary symbol but an objective organ of perception and intuition that reflect transcendent qualities in the world, for the assistance and help of other people. The Sufis, mystics of Islam, have been mentors of the heart for almost fourteen centuries. Their education and techniques purpose is to stimulate us and help us to wake up and clean the self for Divine love. Sufism is the spiritual dimension of Islam. According to Sufism, there are two aspects of Islam: the outer part, which consists of the Shari‘ah (the rules of Islamic law), and the inner part, so-called tariqah (the spiritual way). Together, these aspects lead one to haqiqah (the Truth). Sufism is another term for tariqah. This paper is an attempt to understand Sufism knowledge (true knowledge) and how this knowledge is related in world and with ChaharBagh (Garden of Paradise) concept, “symbolic interpretation of paradise garden” which is used by the Muslims in architecture. Sufism explains us that it is possible to understand the world beyond our thoughts. Those who dedicate themselves in Sufim exercise and practices eventually discover the state they can see things as real and true as they are or when you worship God as though you can see him.

Iran’s Strategic Approach towards the Israel-Hezbollah Conflict

The Middle East, a Muslim majority region in the Asian continent, has remained a centre for territorial and extraterritorial powers to secure their strategic interests significantly to access oil reserves in the region. Israel and the United States are two examples respectively. In the wake of securing strategic interests, these states tried to interfere the polity of the Muslim states that infuriated most of the Muslim leaders to such an extent that they had to go for aggressive measures to negate the influence of these interest-seekers. Iran has been leading the Muslim states in the region and has strived hard for integrating Muslim leadership. During this process of regional integration, a special focus has been paid to deal Israel-an important strategic ally of the US in the region and permanent threat for the neighbouring Muslim states. The current circumstances, causes and effects are the product of Arab-Israel wars and most of these have been cashed in by Iran for the security of its interests in the region. Iran has facilitated the Muslim states, particularly Lebanon, to counter the Israeli strategies. It has erected Hezbollah-the party of God- in Lebanon whose effective presence has always restricted Israel from advancing to the region. Since its inception in 1985, Iranian backed Hezbollah has opposed the Israeli motives in the Middle East. Ideological similarities between Iran and Hezbollah have never allowed Israel to manipulate the region. Hezbollah has been in a war-like situation with Israel and has fought a couple of wars which have not only guaranteed a guard for Hezbollah’s campaign against Israel but also have paved the way for Iran to maintain hegemony in the region. This research has been conducted with a primary objective to analyse the Israel-Hezbollah conflict and the strategic approach of Iran towards the particular conflict.