The Black Circle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Love
Keyword(s):  
Black Circle

Kontrast und Wissen

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Robin Rehm
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Black Cross ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

Kasimir Malewitschs suprematistische Hauptwerke ›Schwarzes Quadrat‹, ›Schwarzer Kreis‹ und ›Schwarzes Kreuz‹ von 1915 setzen sich aus schwarzen Formen auf weißem Grund zusammen. Der Typus des Schwarzweißbildes weist überraschende Parallelen zu den bildlichen Wahrnehmungsinstrumenten auf, die vom ausgehenden 18. bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts in den Experimenten der Farbenlehre, physiologischen Optik und Psychologie verwendet worden sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht diese Parallelen in drei Schritten: Zunächst erfolgt eine allgemeine Charakterisierung des Schwarzweißbildes mit Hilfe des Kontrastbegriffs von Edmund Husserl. Des weiteren wird die Entstehung und Funktion des schwarzweißen Kontrastbildes in den Wissenschaften des 19. Jahrhunderts typologisch herausgearbeitet. Unter Berücksichtigung des Wissensbegriffs von Max Scheler wird abschließend die Spezifik des Wissens eruiert, das die Schwarzweißbilder sowohl in der Malerei Malewitschs als auch in den genannten Wissenschaften generieren. Malevich’s main Suprematist works, such as ›Black Square‹, ›Black Circle‹, and ›Black Cross‹ from 1915, consist of black shapes on white ground. Surprisingly this series of shapes strongly resembles scientific black-and-white images used for research on colour theory, physiological optics, and psychology throughout the 19th century. This paper examines the parallels between Malevich’s paintings and the scientific drawings in three steps: It first characterizes black-and-white images in general, using Edmund Husserl’s definition of the term ›contrast‹. Secondly, the paper investigates the development and function of black-and-white images as tools of perception in the sciences. It finally discusses the specific knowledge generated through Malevich’s art and through scientific black-and-white images, following Max Scheler’s phenomenological identification of knowledge.

scholarly journals Effect of Flower Shapes and Nectar Guides On the Behaviour of Foraging Honeybees

Behaviour ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Free
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Guide Ring ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
Previous Training ◽  
Nectar Guide

AbstractI. Honeybees were trained to collect syrup from coloured discs and then presented with a choice of 'model' flowers. 2. The colour of a model was an important distinguishing feature, but its scent was even more important. A foreign odour made the models less attractive than no odour. 3. The size of a training model did not influence the size of model later chosen, but the bees preferred radially symmetrical to bilaterally symmetrical models, and models with a disruptive outline to circular models, even though trained to circular ones. 4. Adding nectar guides to a model increased its attractiveness, independently of conditioning ; dotted lines were more attractive than continuous lines, and a group of dots was more attractive than a black circle in the centre of a model. Adding a disruptive outline to a model similarly increased attractiveness and effects of a disruptive outline and nectar guide lines were additive. However, a limit was soon reached in which more guide lines or further segmentation failed to increase attractiveness. 5. Bees showed no preference to alight in the centres of circular models, and preferred the edges of the petaloid or star-shaped models. 6. Nectar guide lines had a directing function only when the bees had learned to seek food at a particular site in relation to them. Training to a point where nectar guide lines converged was quickly achieved, and could be transferred to models of other types. A nectar guide ring in the centre of a model sometimes slightly increased the proportion of visits to its centre, but conditioning was again necessary to obtain much effect. 7. Bees without previous training were attracted to a black central area, and this was still more effective after training. The bees' behaviour was not affected by attempts to give models an illusion of depth.

scholarly journals Secondary eyes mediate the response to looming objects in jumping spiders ( Phidippus audax , Salticidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Spano ◽  
Skye M. Long ◽  
Elizabeth M. Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Phidippus Audax

Some species have sensory systems divided into subsystems with morphologically different sense organs that acquire different types of information within the same modality. Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) have eight eyes. Four eyes are directed anteriorly to view objects in front of the spider: a pair of principal eyes track targets with their movable retinae, while the immobile anterior lateral (AL) eyes have a larger field of view and lower resolution. To test whether the principal eyes, the AL eyes, or both together mediate the response to looming stimuli, we presented spiders with a video of a solid black circle that rapidly expanded (loomed) or contracted (receded). Control spiders and spiders with their principal eyes masked were significantly more likely to back away from the looming stimulus than were spiders with their AL eyes masked. Almost no individuals backed away from the receding stimulus. Our results show that the AL eyes alone mediate the loom response to objects anterior to the spider.

scholarly journals Aesthetic preference of object position on pictures

Psihologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Toskovic ◽  
Slobodan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Golden Rectangle ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Optimal Effect

In this study three hypothesis were evaluated. The first claims that the golden section position is an ideal position of an object on a picture and that this position does not depend on picture shape, or on the number of objects on it. According to the second hypothesis, the aesthetically optimal effect is achieved when the focus is on the right side of the picture ( for asymmetrically composed pictures). According to the third hypothesis, there is an influence of previous stimulation on aesthetic experience; that is, because of the monotony, the aesthetic preference of observers will change. An experiment was done, with two sections. In the first section, subjects were asked to put a little black circle, on three different shapes of cards (square, golden rectangle and rectangle), in a such way that the given configuration is the most beautiful one in their own opinion. The second section of the experiment was almost identical to the first one, with the exception that the subjects were asked to put two circles on each of the cards. Each one of the three hypothesis was confirmed by the results of this experiment. The preferred position of the circle is the same as the position of the golden section and it does not change with the change of card shape and number of objects. There is a clear preference of the upper-right corner of cards. The preferred position of an object is changed with repetition of the same stimulation (the same shape of cards and the same number of circles).

scholarly journals Art. V.—The Bṛhat-Saṅhitâ; or, Complete System of Natural Astrology of Varâha-mihira

1874 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-134
Author(s):  
H. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Complete System ◽  
White Circle ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
The Right

1. I will tell the lucky and evil signs of goats. Such as have eight, nine, or ten teeth, are lucky, and may be kept; such as have seven teeth, should be removed.2. A black circle on the right side of a white goat is a favourable mark. Likewise a white circle on the right side of one having the colour of an elk, of sable hue, or red.3. The udderlike part hanging down from the neck of goats is known by the name of “neck ornament.” A goat with one dewlap brings happiness; extremely lucky are those having two or three dewlaps.4. All goats without horns, and those that are entirely white or entirely black, promise good. Lucky also are such as are half black, half white; or half russet, half black.5. A goat that marches in front of the flock, and the first that plunges into water, — that has the head white, or blazes on the forehead, — is favourable.

CBED and HREM study of decagonal quasicrystals

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 704-705
Author(s):  
M. Tanaka ◽  
K. Tsuda ◽  
K. Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Hrem Image ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Atom Clusters ◽  
Decagonal Quasicrystals ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Resolution Electron

Decagonal quasicrystals have been investigated by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) and transmission electron microscopy. Figure 1 shows possible pentagonal and decagonal point groups. The CBED method has revealed that the decagonal quasicrystals found so far belong to the space groups of noncentrosymmetric P10m2 and centrosymmetric P1O5mmc.Dark-field microscopy has revealed the existence of inversion domains with an antiphase shift of c/2 at the domain boundaries in the alloys with space group m2.2 High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has revealed the existence of specific pentagonal atom clusters in the Al-Ni-Fe, Al-Cu-Co and Al-Ni-Co alloys. Figure 2 shows a HREM image of Al70Ni15Fe15 belonging to space group m2. The atom clusters of an about 2nm diameter are clearly seen as indicated by a black circle. The clusters are polar or noncentrosymmetric due to the dark pentagon at their centers. All the clusters in domain A have one sense of polarity and those in domain B the other sense. It should be noted that the HREM image of the cluster columns was found to be pentagonal at an accelerating voltage of 200kV but nearly decagonal at higher than 300kV.

The alchemical symbols in the manuscripts of “The Mirror of Wonders” (Mirʾāt al-ʿajāʾib)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Müller
Keyword(s):  
Visual Design ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Palm Of The Hand ◽  
Short Versions

Abstract “The Mirror of Wonders” (Mirʾāt al-ʿajāʾib) is an illustrated Arabic treatise about a mysterious mirror that displays different alchemical symbols. This work of unsettled authorship, which was composed between the 12th and 16th centuries, has got a rich manuscript tradition with more than 45 extant copies dating from the 16th to the 20th centuries, including translations into Turkish and Persian and various short versions of the text. They prove the remarkable popularity of “The Mirror of Wonders” throughout the Islamicate world, even in modern times. Most manuscripts contain a coloured illustration of the mirror and its symbols, with a large scope of variation in their visual design. The nine alchemical symbols of the mirror are: 1. The two figures embracing each other (al-shakhṣān al-muʿtaniqān); 2. The black circle (al- dāʾira al-sawdāʾ); 3. The palm of the hand (al-kaff); 4. The black raven (al-ghurāb al-aswad); 5. The eagle (al-ʿuqāb); 6. The sun (al-shams); 7. The snake (al-thuʿbān); 8. The nine crabs (al-saraṭānāt al-tisʿa) with the dog descending into the water (al-kalb al-nāzil fī l-māʾ) and 9. The nine circles (al-dawāʾir al-tisʿa). This paper presents the manuscript tradition of Mirʾāt al-ʿajāʾib and analyses the diverging imagery of the symbols and their meanings in the different manuscripts.

66‐3: The Way to Improve Black Circle Mura in Curved Display by Polyimide‐less Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 983-985
Author(s):  
Wei Cui ◽  
Song Lan ◽  
Te-Jen Tseng ◽  
Chung-Ching Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Black Circle ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals Clinical Observation of 48 Cases of Black Eye Circle Treated with Modified Yu Rong San Gel Eye Mask

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Jinmei He ◽  
Chenglong Li ◽  
Yunhua Liu ◽  
Ping Huang ◽  
Meng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Circle ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of modified Yu Rong San gel eye mask in the treatment of dark circles. Methods: 96 cases of patients with dark circles were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. In the control group and the treatment group, the common eye mask and the modified Yu Rong San gel eye mask were applied to the black circle area respectively. After 15min, water was used to wash the face, the application of the mask for one time a day, four weeks, one course, and three courses were observed. Results: After three courses of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the area of black eye circles in the treatment group was smaller than that before treatment (P<0.05); compared with the control group, the score of black eye circles was lower than that before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Addition and reduction of Yu Rong San gel eye mask is effective in the treatment of dark circles.

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