scholarly journals Sang Naga Membelit Asean: Kebijakan Ekonomi China Pasca Diterima sebagai Anggota WTO

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirta M. Mursitama ◽  
Haura E. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Since its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has been playing its greater role as a new giant economy more actively in international trade and has succeeded in strengthening its economic relations with its neighboring countries including Southeast Asian countries, which are the members of ASEAN. This paper particularly discusses China's economic policies in ASEAN after China gained its membership in the WTO. We focuses mainly on the agreement on trade in goods under the scheme of ASEAN China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) and the investment agreement between China and ASEAN that affects its economic relations with ASEAN. We argue that China's economic policies in ASEAN as concrete and systematic implementation of "reform and opening up " policies initiated more than 30 years ago. Strategically, it has played one of the major and most important roles in strengthening its economic relations with ASEAN and that the state's role is the key to the success of China's economic policies in ASEAN.

scholarly journals Trade-economic cooperation of Ukraine and China within COVID-19 Pandemic and in post-pandemic time

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Olha Yatsenko ◽  
Tetiana Tsygankova ◽  
Iryna Horbachova ◽  
Oksana Aksyonova ◽  
Valeriia Osadchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Mutual Relations

Modern trends of trade-economic relations of the countries within the COVID-19 pandemic have been systemized in the development of mutual relations in particular economy sectors have been identified. Direct connection between the increase of export volume to China and Ukraine GDP growth has been established in the study based on the correlation-regression analysis. Weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities and threats of mutual relations within the pandemic have been defined. The influence of the world crisis, creating a free trade area, and other factors on foreign trade circulation between Ukraine and China have been studied with the tools of empirical gravity model of international trade. Foreign trade circulation up until 2022 with and without creating a Free Trade Area has been forecast based on the modelled data. Perspective directions of trade-economic relations have been defined; the strategy of extending the trade-economic integration of Ukraine and China within the COVID-19 pandemic and in post-pandemic time within customs tariffs liberalization, intensification of symmetric interdependence and complementarity between the countries, within creating a free trade area, diversifying trade turnovers, overcoming the pandemic, reduction of crisis consequences, and strengthening cooperation in new industries of post-pandemic time has been grounded.

The Global Environmental Agenda of 2021 and the tasks of sustainable energy-ecological development and cooperation between Japan and countries Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 951-965
Author(s):  
Yana Vadimovna Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The article discusses the main results of two major international summits held in October-November 2021, the key topics of which were the issues of the global fight against climate change and environmental protection. The decisions taken at these conferences, with the broad participation of world leaders, reflect the fundamental trends of the global environmental agenda. Within the framework of this agenda, Japan and the countries of Southeast Asia are building their modern energy and environmental cooperation. In this context, the article examines the main urgent tasks of energy-environmental interaction and sustainable development of Japan and the states of Southeast Asia. These countries are located in the Asia-Pacific region, which remains until now the main emitter of greenhouse gases in the world. However, the indicators of environmental pollution by Japan and the Southeast Asian countries are relatively not so high, compared to some other states in the region and the world. The article discusses the most relevant and significant examples of bilateral and multilateral cooperation between these countries in areas related to curbing global warming and climate protection. It has been revealed that with all the efforts made, since the 1990s, the indicators of reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere in Japan remain modest and even lag behind some of the Western countries. The Southeast Asian countries show a serious attitude to the development of renewable energy, but their intention to abandon coal still raises some doubts about the methods of implementing this ambitious plan. In particular, it is currently not entirely clear whether these countries are preparing to make a full-fledged "energy transition" in the coming decades, or whether they just intend to replace their coal-fired thermal power plants with gas ones.

scholarly journals Economic or Public Health? Southeast Asia’s Tackling of COVID-19 a Year Later

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imas Arumsari ◽  
Ridhwan Fauzi ◽  
Mohammad Ainul Maruf ◽  
Mouhamad Bigwanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
One Year ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The world has been challenged by rapidly spreading COVID-19 outbreaks for a year now. Southeast Asian countries have had different strategies to deal with the pandemic. This review aimed to elaborate on Southeast Asian countries’ strategies in managing the trade-off between economic and public health, with further consideration of how such approaches were associated with the dynamics of the number of cases and the speed of economic recovery. This review evaluated the COVID-19 mitigation efforts spanning one year in the Southeast Asian (SEA) countries listed based on the Bloomberg COVID Resilience Ranking. As of May 24, 2021, three SEA countries (Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia) were chosen from the better (27th), moderate (35th), and worst (42nd) SEA country rankings. Peer-reviewed articles were obtained from Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and news articles were retrieved from GoogleNews. The data from government websites were also included. Sources were limited to those in the English and Indonesian languages that could be accessed between January 2020 and May 2021. Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia were found to have significantly prioritized consideration of the economy in handling the pandemic. Malaysia and Thailand had more stringent policies of imposing national lockdowns, while Indonesia had a partial lockdown. It was found that a weak pandemic response may result in substantial economic loss.

scholarly journals Info and Index of the MIMBARDIK Journal, Issue of September 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Editor Journal MIMBARDIK
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Journal Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries ◽  
Educational Studies

MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan (Indonesian Journal for Educational Studies). This journal, with ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online), was firstly published on March 11, 2016, by UPI (Indonesia University of Education) Press in Bandung and orgnized by the Lecturers of UPI Journal Developer Team. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN  is a new version journal from the old journal with the similar name that was published since 1995 to 2005. This journal is dedicated not only for Indonesian scholars who concern about educational studies, but also welcome to the scholars of Southeast Asian countries and around the world who care and share related to the educational studies in general. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN journal is published twice a year i.e. every March and September. Bandung, Indonesia: September 30, 2016.Prof. Dr. Didi SukyadiEditor-in-Chief of the MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal; and Vice Rector of UPI for Research, Business, and Cooperation Affairs. 

EPIC - THE SOURCE OF THE “SOFT POWER” OF INDIAN CULTURE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Thuy Le Thi Bich
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Epic ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The power of each nation is determined by many factors, including the role of its culture. Culture is seen as an effective tool of soft power to affirm the image of our country in the international community. As one of the originating centers of Asian civilization and one of the largest, oldest civilizations in the world, India's soft power exists naturally in its own long historical culture. The Indian epic is considered to be the source of soft power, the link between the world and Indian culture, helping Indian culture expand its influence on other countries and the world. In this article, we focus on presenting the unique features of thinking, soul, thought, and “Indian spirit” reflected in the epic - the source of Indian culture and the epic continuation in countries in Southeast Asia. Thereby, this article helps its readers have a comprehensive view of the Indian epic - the source of “soft power” of Indian culture in Southeast Asian countries to strengthen and develop the relationship between India and other countries in Southeast Asia more and more sustainably and lasting.

Constructing the Knowledge Society

2014 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Li Wengang ◽  
Chen Yulai ◽  
Guo Jia
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Since the Reform and Opening up in the late 1970s, China has been seeking an innovation-driven knowledge society. In the past decade, the central government and local governments took effective measures to quicken China's steps towards a knowledge society. In the recent 18th National Congress of the CPC, reform and innovation was highly emphasized to give fresh impetus to knowledge society building. Within the context of increasing globalization and Africa-China long-lasting friendship and cooperation, China and African countries can learn from each other in knowledge society construction. As the second largest economy in the world, China is playing an increasing role in knowledge society construction in Africa. Can Africa learn from China's experiences? This chapter provides some answers to this query.

Cross-Cumulation Arrangement as FTA Under GATT Article XXIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Jong Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Free Trade Areas ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT A cross-cumulation arrangement helps manufacturers meet the demands of the global value chain economy by facilitating the sourcing of intermediate products within the territories of participants in the arrangement. It is a de facto free-trade area formed by a network of bilateral free-trade areas underpinning the arrangement. However, a cross-cumulation clause provided in a bilateral free-trade area that underpins a cross-cumulation arrangement is inconsistent with General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Articles I and III because the intermediate products from the participants in the arrangement are more favorably treated than products from non-participants in the arrangement. The GATT inconsistencies of a cross-cumulation clause cannot be justified by the GATT Article XXIV exception, because a cross-cumulation clause of a bilateral free-trade area derogates from the free-trade area’s aim by facilitating trade in intermediate products between the free-trade area parties and non-parties to the free-trade area that are participants in the arrangement. In contrast, a cumulation clause provided in a free-trade area contributes to the free-trade area’s aim by facilitating trade in intermediate products between the parties to the free-trade area. To bring a cross-cumulation arrangement such as the Regional Convention on Pan-Euro-Med Preferential Rules of Origin into conformity with World Trade Organization law, the arrangement and its underlying free-trade areas should be recognized as a de jure free-trade area under GATT Article XXIV and notified to the World Trade Organization as such. A large cross-cumulation arrangement as a mega-free-trade area is likely to contribute to the world trading system by harmonizing divergent free-trade area rules of origin and providing an efficient mechanism for the formation of a mega-free-trade area.

scholarly journals The Spatial Evolution of Geoeconomic Pattern among China and Neighboring Countries since the Reform and Opening-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Liang ◽  
Mingxing Chen ◽  
Dadao Lu ◽  
Zijin Ding ◽  
Zhi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up

The rise of China has had a profound impact on the world and regional political and economic pattern since the reform and opening-up. This paper studies the impact of China’s development on the evolution of the surrounding geo-pattern from the perspective of geoeconomics. Based on the sensitivity and vulnerability of asymmetric interdependence, trade and investment indicators are selected to construct a quantitative model to measure the relative economic dependence between China and neighboring countries. This paper analyzes the degree, types and trends of relative economic dependence and the relationship between economic interdependence and political relations, and investigates the surrounding geoeconomic cooperation. The results are shown as follows: (1) Since 2010, all neighboring countries have had relative economic dependence on China. China’s geoeconomic position in the surrounding area has radically transformed. (2) Since the reform and opening-up, the relative economic dependence of neighboring countries on China has been rising, from negative to positive and from low to high. After 2003, the types of relative economic dependence have gradually shifted from dual low and trade-compensative dependence to dual high and trade-oriented dependence. (3) Trade was the dominant factor in the relative economic dependence of most neighboring countries on China, and it was also the main factor contributing to China’s economic advantages over great powers in the neighborhood. The majority of neighboring countries’ investment dependence on China increased faster than their trade dependence, and the growth of their relative economic dependence will gradually turn to investment in the future. (4) The improvement of political relations between China and neighboring countries provides a foundation for the development of economic relations, and economic relations have the “inertia” of resisting political risks. The deepening of economic ties is conducive to friendly and stable political relations. (5) China’s peripheral geoeconomic strategy focuses on cooperation rather than competition. One of the goals of geoeconomics is the pursuit of joint economic benefits.

scholarly journals Euro-Mediterranean relations and their heading. On the way to a differentiated multilateralism?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
E. Cihelková
Keyword(s):  
European Economic Community ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Eu

The European Union pays a primary attention to the development of neighbouring relations; it means the relations with countries in the immediate vicinity of its external borders. This is done for the sake of prosperity, stability and the spread of democratic values in the world. In this sense, a kind of the privileged region have always created the states of the Southern and Eastern or eventually Northern Mediterranean with which the European Economic Community began to develop cooperation immediately after its formation. Then since the mid-1990s, the EU set out a goal to create a Euro-Mediterranean free trade area and thus to move closer to the interlacing of the two entities in the form of integration. The outline of the process of development of Euro-Mediterranean relationships (including the changes of bilateral approaches and the conditioning factors) is the objective of this article. It is divided into three sections, which cover different stages of the development of these relationships over time and escalate in terms of two-way approaches to a new quality of cooperation (including the three stated research questions). The result of these relationships could become a Euro-Mediterranean Alliance that is outlined as a differentiated form of multilateralism in the conclusions of the paper.

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