Policy Implementation of Health Coverage for Indonesian Migrant Workers

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to analyze the policy implementation of health coverage for TKI. This research uses a qualitative method with in-depth interview. The framework of this research consists of the aspect of the advisable policy, the implementation factors, and the schematic representation of the problem by using SWOT. The result of this research is the health insurance owned by TKI comes from TKI insurance, the membership of JKN, and insurance during their employment abroad. TKI insurance policy is the instruction of Law No. 39 of 2004 which regulates the obligation of the ownership of the social security and or insurance policy for TKI. However, TKI insurance has not been involved with the social aspect because the agency commercializes the coverage of TKI and it is not included a social security. The change of consortium may have decreased the ratio of claim’s values to the annual premium which is attributable to the decreasing complaint cases from TKI. In the implementation, TKI insurance has been assisted by a lot of agencies. However, the bilateral cooperation related to the coordination of health coverage among countries has not been maximized. This research concludes that the coverage of health insurance for TKI is still lower (curative) and the government's attempt to integrate the social security for TKI is important. The researcher suggests the government should comprehensively implement the health coverage for TKI by incorporating the principle of promotion and prevention. Keywords: TKI Insurance, Consortium, Law No. 39 of 2004, SWOT, Bilateral Cooperation

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Het gezondheidsbeleid in België in handen van corporatieve organisaties

Res Publica ◽

10.21825/rp.v37i1.18697 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 109-113

Author(s):

Guy Peeters

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Health Workers ◽

Pressure Group ◽

Insurance Policy ◽

Sickness Insurance ◽

Hospital Sector ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Social ◽

Social Partners ◽

The Government

Before the so-called 'bill Moureaux ', the health insurance policy in Belgium was contracted out by the government to the health workers and the health funds. Also in other sectors (hospitals), government contracted out. This subsidiarity has advantages and disadvantages. Especially because of the unbearable budgetary excesses, this situation started to change since the beginning of the eighties, starting with the hospital sector. In the early nineties, the management of the sickness insurance also went through some radical changes. The budgetary envelope (budget objective) is now mainly established by those who finance the system, e.g. the government and the social partners (employers and workers), who must take their responsibilities. In this new perception, all partners must be made truly accountable.Government must pass on statistic material in order to be able to pursue a well-informed policy. It must also crank up some social debates, namely about the demographic ageing.Health funds and organisations of physicians need a further democratization. The health funds must accomplish at the same time several functions: pressure group, service and consumer defence.

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The role of occupational health services in the universal health coverage era in Indonesia

Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead ◽

10.18051/univmed.2019.v38.1-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Muchtaruddin Mansyur

Keyword(s):

Social Security ◽

Universal Health Coverage ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Pension Benefit ◽

Occupational Health Services ◽

Health Coverage ◽

The Social ◽

National Organizations ◽

The Government ◽

Universal Health

In accordance to Act No 24 Year 2011 on The Social Security Administrating Body, the Indonesian National Social Security program is managed by two national organizations, namely: Social Security Administering Body for Health (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan = BPJS Kesehatan) and Social Security Administering Body for Labor (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan = BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). The former is responsible for providing health coverage for all Indonesians through the National Social Health Insurance Scheme known as the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN. The latter is responsible for providing the worker's social security consisting of Provident Fund Benefit, Accident Benefit, Pension Benefit, and Death Benefit.1The Indonesian government has been continuously improving the health service program towards better national universal health coverage and has set the 2019 functional achievement target of 95% of the population enrolled in the program. To ensure that this target of the program will be achieved, the government pays the premium of BPJS Kesehatan of the poor and near poor.2

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HARMONISASI POLA PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN FASKES DI LINGKUNGAN KEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN DAN TNI DENGAN UU NO. 44 TAHUN 2009 tentang RUMAH SAKIT

Perspektif Hukum ◽

10.30649/phj.v19i2.199 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Sutarno Sutarno

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Health Services ◽

Social Security ◽

Health Facility ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Fundamental Change ◽

Legal Research ◽

Legal Rules ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

Since the enactment of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency, there has been a very fundamental change in terms of Health Services. Health facilities within the Ministry of Defense and TNI which also affect budget governance. This legal research is a normative law with sources of primary and secondary legal materials that aim to review and analyze the legal rules regarding the management of income income received by Health Facilities within the Ministry of Defense and the TNI based on Law Number 44 of 2009; and reviewing and analyzing conflicting norms for the use of the TNI Health Facility as of the enactment of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Health Insurance Administering Body. The results showed that the TNI Hospital which is a health facility owned by the Government should be subject to the rules contained in RI Law No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals.

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TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN RUMAH SAKIT ATAS KE IKUT SERTAAN DALAM PROGRAM BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL (BPJS) KESEHATAN

Era Hukum - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum ◽

10.24912/erahukum.v17i1.5975 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ariawan Gunadi ◽

Ida Nursida

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Health Service ◽

Health Services ◽

Social Security ◽

Service Providers ◽

Good Health ◽

Active Role ◽

Insurance Company ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

The Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) is a public legal entity formed to organize a social security program. Social Security Agency can alleviate the burden of society in obtaining health services in hospitals or clinics. This is in accordance with Article 5 Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) of Law No.36 Year 2009 on Health. and Article 47 Regulation of Health BPJS No.1 Year 2014 on the implementation of Health Insurance. As an insurance company BPJS health ensures the implementation of health programsHospitals and Clinics as health service providers in demand by the government to play an active role in providing good health services to the community according to its function, in accordance with Law Number 44 Year 2009 on Hospital. But even if the hospital or health service supports the social health insurance program or BPJS is proved by the poster that the Hospital or Clinic receive BPJS patients, does not mean that the service received by the community is in line with expectations.

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Kualitas Pelayanan BPJS Pada Klinik Di Kota Pekanbaru

Jurnal Daya Saing ◽

10.35446/dayasaing.v1i1.14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 99-109

Author(s):

Hadiyati Hadiyati

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Social Security ◽

Low Cost ◽

Medical Needs ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

The Right ◽

Social Security Agency

Abstract: Abstract: Ministry of Social Security Agency (BPJS) is the Social Security Agency established by the government to provide for Public Health Insurance, National Health Insurance (JKN) is a public health program to realize the health services in accordance with medical needs. BPJS Health Care not for all Indonesian people. Public complaints against the service based on the results of the study proved to be due for service procedures that are less well applied and also because of the service provided is not using the right people and facilities are also incomplete, although the specified low cost but not efficient in making the community recover of the disease. Keywords: Quality of Service, BPJS

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STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN BURUH MIGRAN PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DI HONGKONG

Jurnal AGRISEP Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.31186/jagrisep.8.2.59-72 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 59-72

Author(s):

Tyas Retno Wulan ◽

Lala M. Kolopaking ◽

Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽

Irwan Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Financial Management ◽

Practical Knowledge ◽

Social Remittances ◽

Central Java ◽

The Social ◽

Ethical Work ◽

The Government ◽

Female Migrant

Social remittances (ideas, system practice, and social capital flow from the receiving country to the home country) of Indonesian female migrant workers (BMP) in Hong Kong appeared better and more complete than other BMP in other countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, or Singapore. Based on that research, we are encouraged to do extensive research in order to identify factors that push BMP’s social remittances development in Hong Kong, to identify kinds of social remmitances they receive and to understand on how far their social remittances become a medium to empower them and their society. This study is done in qualitative method that uses an in-depth interview technique and FGD. Subjects of study are BMP, the government (Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration and BNP2TKI), NGOs, migrant workers’ organization and researchers of BMP. The study done in Cianjur (West Java), Wonosobo and Banyumas (Central Java) and Hong Kong indicates that during their migration process, female migrant workers not only have economical remittance that can be used for productive activities, but also social remittances. The social remittances are in the form practical knowledge such as language skill and nursery; knowledge on health, financial management; ethical work; the mindset changing and networking. The study indicate that female migrant workers are extraordinary women more than just an ex-helper. Their migration has put them into a position as an agent of development in society.Key words: Indonesians female migrant workers, social remmitances, empowerment

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The failure of community-based health insurance schemes in Tanzania: opening the black box of the implementation process

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06643-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ramadhani Kigume ◽

Stephen Maluka

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Community Health ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Health Insurance ◽

Urban Districts ◽

Health Fund ◽

The Government

Abstract Background Globally, there is increased advocacy for community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. Like other low and middle-income countries (LMICs), Tanzania officially established the Community Health Fund (CHF) in 2001 for rural areas; and Tiba Kwa Kadi (TIKA) for urban population since 2009. This study investigated the implementation of TIKA scheme in urban districts of Tanzania. Methods A descriptive qualitative case study was conducted in four urban districts in Tanzania in 2019. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and review of documents. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. Results While TIKA scheme was important in increasing access to health services for the poor and other disadvantaged groups, it faced many challenges which hindered its performance. The challenges included frequent stock-out of drugs and medical supplies, which frustrated TIKA members and hence contributed to non-renewal of membership. In addition, the scheme was affected by poor collections and management of the revenue collected from TIKA members, limited benefit packages and low awareness of the community. Conclusions Similar to rural-based Community Health Fund, the TIKA scheme faced structural and operational challenges which subsequently resulted into low uptake of the schemes. In order to achieve universal health coverage, the government should consider integrating or merging Community-Based Health Insurance schemes into a single national pool with decentralised arms to win national support while also maintaining local accountability.

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Participatory and responsive governance in universal health coverage: an analysis of legislative provisions in Thailand

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. e004117

Author(s):

Aniqa Islam Marshall ◽

Kanang Kantamaturapoj ◽

Kamonwan Kiewnin ◽

Somtanuek Chotchoungchatchai ◽

Walaiporn Patcharanarumol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Social Health Insurance ◽

Universal Coverage ◽

Civil Servant ◽

Social Health ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Medical Benefit ◽

The Social ◽

Universal Health ◽

Universal Coverage Scheme

Participatory and responsive governance in universal health coverage (UHC) systems synergistically ensure the needs of citizens are protected and met. In Thailand, UHC constitutes of three public insurance schemes: Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme, Social Health Insurance and Universal Coverage Scheme. Each scheme is governed through individual laws. This study aimed to identify, analyse and compare the legislative provisions related to participatory and responsive governance within the three public health insurance schemes and draw lessons that can be useful for other low-income and middle-income countries in their legislative process for UHC. The legislative provisions in each policy document were analysed using a conceptual framework derived from key literature. The results found that overall the UHC legislative provisions promote citizen representation and involvement in UHC governance, implementation and management, support citizens’ ability to voice concerns and improve UHC, protect citizens’ access to information as well as ensure access to and provision of quality care. Participatory governance is legislated in 33 sections, of which 23 are in the Universal Coverage Scheme, 4 in the Social Health Insurance and none in the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme. Responsive governance is legislated in 24 sections, of which 18 are in the Universal Coverage Scheme, 2 in the Social Health Insurance and 4 in the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme. Therefore, while several legislative provisions on both participatory and responsive governance exist in the Thai UHC, not all schemes equally bolster citizen participation and government responsiveness. In addition, as legislations are merely enabling factors, adequate implementation capacity and commitment to the legislative provisions are equally important.

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Self-employed surfers, universal credit and the minimally decent life

Legal Studies ◽

10.1017/lst.2021.36 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Christopher Rowe

Keyword(s):

Social Security ◽

Low Income ◽

Judicial Review ◽

The Self ◽

Tax Credits ◽

Minimum Income ◽

Wage Labour ◽

The Social ◽

Decent Life ◽

The Government

Abstract As part of its response to Covid-19 the government paused the use of the ‘Minimum Income Floor’ (MIF), which restricts the Universal Credit (UC) entitlement of the self-employed. This paper places the MIF in the wider context of conditionality in the social security system and considers a judicial review which claimed that the MIF was discriminatory. The paper focuses on how UC affects the availability of real choices for low-income citizens to limit or escape from wage labour, with two implications of the move to UC highlighted. First, the overlooked labour decommodifying aspect of tax credits, which provided a minimum income guarantee and a genuine alternative to wage labour for people who self-designated as ‘self-employed’, even if their earnings were minimal or non-existent, has been removed. Secondly, UC has in some respects improved the position of low-paid wage labourers in ‘mini-jobs’, who are not subject to conditionality once they work for the equivalent of approximately nine hours a week on the minimum wage.

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