scholarly journals REPRESENTATIONS OF FOREIGNERS AND JAPANESE NATIONAL IDENTITY AT THE 1964 OLYMPICS IN IDATEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himawan Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Us ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

The 2020 Olympics are not Tokyo's first experience of hosting the Games. Previously, the city hosted the 1964 Olympics. This historical background generated nostalgia for the 1964 Olympics ahead of the 2020 Olympics. The 1964 Olympics are remembered for exposing Japanese society to various interactions with foreigners, which eventually provided the setting for expressions of Japanese national identity through comparisons between "us" (Japanese) and "them" (foreigners). In this sense, representations of foreigners, and their roles as essential elements of Japanese national identity discourse, have been the integral parts of 1964 Olympics nostalgia. Ahead of the 2020 Olympics, numerous popular culture forms depicting the 1964 Olympics were produced in Japan. One notable work was the television drama IDATEN Orimupikku Banashi (hereafter: IDATEN), broadcast by the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) from January-December 2019. The drama depicted Japan's Olympic movement from the 1912 to 1964 Olympics and featured a wide variety of foreign characters. IDATEN's portrayal of the 1964 Olympics features not only foreign countries widely represented in Japanese popular culture, such as the US, but also less featured countries such as Indonesia and the Republic of the Congo. This article analyzes depictions of these three nations to examine critically the role of representations of foreigners in Japanese national identity discourse within the drama. It argues that as a drama produced ahead of the 2020 Olympics IDATEN signifies the aspirations of 21st century Japan rather than reflecting the actual situation during the 1964 Olympics, especially in how it portrays Japan through the country’s relations with other countries.

Culture and the popular: Introduction to essays in memory of Brian Rigby

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Michael Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
French Cultural Studies

This article introduces the special number of French Cultural Studies commemorating the role of Brian Rigby as the journal’s first Managing Editor. It situates his contribution in the emergence of cultural history and French cultural studies during the rapid expansion of higher education from the 1960s in France, the UK, the US and other countries. It suggests that these new areas of study saw cultural activities in a broader social context and opened the way to a wider understanding of culture, in which popular culture played an increasingly important part. It argues that the study of popular culture can illuminate some of the most mundane experiences of everyday life, and some of the most challenging. It can also help to understand the rapidly changing cultural environment in which our daily lives are now conducted.

scholarly journals The Potential of Building Tourist Cities by Using Existing Resources in Uzbekistan with an Innovative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madina M. Khashimova ◽  
Shakhzod F. Turakulov
Keyword(s):  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Training Area

This article reflects the construction of tourist cities using the resources available on the territory of Uzbekistan. The benefits of utilisation for the development of tourism infrastructure from geological cities that are not exploited, included in the available resources, have been analyzed. The high level of efficiency in the use of geological cities is based on the availability of economic infrastructure, which is recognized as the application of this infrastructure in the construction of tourist cities is low in costs. The article shows the specific natural anchors of three ecotouristic objects, the srategic plans for effective use of these anchors. Proposals on the expediency of the establishment of camps, bags, summer recreation zones are included in these facilities. The abundance of excursion facilities and attractions in the objects of ecotourism expressed their views on the possibility of opening remarkable travel destinations. And the steep slopes of the mountain are shown to be a special training area for training highly qualified climbers. Reflecting the peculiarities of the nature of the objects of the ecosystem, the role of these settlements with unique natural conditions in the development of tourism is established. The potential for the construction of such ecotouristic cities in the Republic of Uzbekistan is high, and the growth in the efficiency of the use of such potentials is reported to increase the number of tourists coming from foreign countries to Uzbekistan.

The Flapper and the Joven Moderna

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Cecilia Tossounian
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Female Role ◽  
Consumer Capitalism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Construction ◽  
Traditional Female Role

Chapter 2 studies how the flapper, the archetypical modern girl, was construed by popular culture in the 1920s and 1930s. Mass media was engaged in a debate about the defining traits of the American flapper and her Argentine counterpart. While the flapper inhabited a distant land, the joven moderna combined popular fashions and mannerisms both foreign and domestic. Portrayed as an upper-class character, she went beyond the traditional female role of the devoted daughter. An oversimplified media construction, the Argentine flapper alerted the public of the dangerous effects of international consumer capitalism and Americanization on gender and national identity.

scholarly journals THE CREATIVE CINEMATOGRAPHIC PROCESS AT THE SERVICE OF NATIONAL IDENTITY: PEDRO ALMODÓVAR AND THE PROMOTION OF SPANISH STEREOTYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-386
Author(s):  
Marta Saavedra Llamas ◽  
Nicolás Grijalba de la Calle
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Pedro Almodovar ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Main Thesis

Cultural expression and creativity contribute to shape national identity; movie experience reflects society. The way in which Pedro Almodóvar’s films facilitates a greater understanding of Spanish culture is the main thesis in this research. This study follows a double methodology: a descriptive documentary phase and an analysis of the filmmaker’s work. The latter includes two substages: a qualitative analysis based on a pattern dealing with different variables related to stereotype perception of Spain abroad; and a quantitative one, which highlights further procedures to approach the national culture. The insight provided by this research proves that Almodóvar actually spreads Spanish identity through his creative universe and empowers its stereotypes, yet by making them more modern: he points out the role of family, but he goes against the traditional model; he turns Madrid, Spain symbolic sight in the international standard about Spanish identity, into the kernel of his work; and he introduces some elements of Spanish popular culture like folklore, gastronomy, bullfighting or rural Spain.

scholarly journals National identity in the textbooks of English as a foreign language

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Danijela Vasilijević ◽  
Marina Semiz ◽  
Branka Adžić
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Primary School ◽  
English Language ◽  
General Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
The Republic

Starting from the argument that foreign language teaching represents a suitable context for introducing national symbols of different countries, but also the learners' own country, the role of textbooks of English as a foreign language in development and empowering the national identity of students in lower primary school was examined. With regards to different conceptualisations the national identity was operationalised in 11 categories: religion, customs and tradition, national feelings, language, symbols and features, solidarity and togetherness, cultural heritage, important people, geography terms, family and general information. The research was performed through the method of theoretic analysis and the method of content analysis. The units of analysis are: a) sentences of basic text in textbooks, b) sentences of additional information content, and c) image content. The research included English language textbooks for lower primary school licensed in the Republic of Serbia (N=12). Research results indicated that textbooks generally do not contribute to forming and empowering of national identity of students in lower primary school, especially with regards to categories: national feelings, historic subjects, language, family, solidarity, and togetherness.

Patriotism, Nationalism and China's US Policy: Structures and Consequences of Chinese National Identity

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hays Gries ◽  
Qingmin Zhang ◽  
H. Michael Crowson ◽  
Huajian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foreign Policy Attitudes

AbstractWhat is the nature of Chinese patriotism and nationalism, how does it differ from American patriotism and nationalism, and what impact do they have on Chinese foreign policy attitudes? To explore the structure and consequences of Chinese national identity, three surveys were conducted in China and the US in the spring and summer of 2009. While patriotism and nationalism were empirically similar in the US, they were highly distinct in China, with patriotism aligning with a benign internationalism and nationalism with a more malign blind patriotism. Chinese patriotism/internationalism, furthermore, had no impact on perceived US threats or US policy preferences, while nationalism did. The role of nationalist historical beliefs in structures of Chinese national identity was also explored, as well as the consequences of historical beliefs for the perception of US military and humiliation threats.

Taiwan’s “Protect the Diaoyutai” Movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-155
Author(s):  
Alexander Bukh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic

Located in the nexus of two critical junctures-the “long 1960s” in the US United States and the collapse of nationalist mythology of the Kuomintang government-the Taiwanese movement for the protection of the Diaoyutai iIslands promoted a new narrative on Chinese national identity. The symbolism ascribed to the disputed islands was rather diverse, but the dominant, left-leaning part of the movement used the disputed islands to reproduce the Kuomintang- created narrative on national humiliation, while replacing the Republic of China with the People’s Republic of China as the center of Chinese national subjectivity. In post-democratization Taiwan, this narrative gained a new political meaning, becoming an integral part of the legitimation strategy deployed by pro-unification political forces.

The Role of Islam in Chechen National Identity

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Swirszcz
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

Uncovering the importance of Islam in Chechen national identity is not necessarily difficult. Alexei Malashenko has noted that Chechen identity today cannot be considered outside the context of Islamic tradition. Chechnya today is not an independent Muslim state. Its embracing of Islam came about during a time of colonization, when Chechens were struggling to halt Russian encroachment on their lands. Many works pertaining to Islam in Chechnya suggest that, at the time of Russian advancement in the eighteenth century, most Chechens were “nominally” Muslim. This has been attributed to the geographic isolation of the Caucasus. While the rugged mountainous landscape and thick forests which cover the region provided protection from invaders, it also hindered interaction among the various mountain peoples as well as the strength of outside religious influence. Soon after their defeat to the tsarist Russians, the Bolshevik Revolution occurred and Chechens spent the following 80 years under Soviet rule. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Chechnya declared independence alongside the full-fledged Soviet Socialist Republics, though their independence was not recognized by the UN. The Chechen victory over the Russian Federation in the first war in 1994–1996 has been considered a remarkable military defeat. However, a weak economy, high unemployment, and criminality caused the young nation to fall into a state of lawlessness and radicalism, eventually causing it to suffer a defeat to the Russians in the second war, which began in 1999. The present day is characterized by exhaustion and a desire for peace, a desire that ultimately has meant deference to Russian rule.

scholarly journals Cultural Projects in Implementation of South Korea's Soft Power Strategies, the Case of the Korea-Russia Dialogue Forum

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
I. V. Tsoy ◽  
◽  
P. I. Zaynullina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of cultural projects run by the Korea-Russia Dialogue Forum (KRD) in terms of the implementation of South Korea's foreign policy objectives using a soft power strategy. The tasks of the study were: to substantiate the importance of cultural initiatives in terms of soft power, to systematize and describe KRD projects in various spheres (literature, festivals, visual arts, cultural studies), to identify priority strategic vectors of South Korea’s foreign policy basing on the material considered. The structure of the work corresponds to the research objective setting. As a result of the analysis, several conclusions have been drawn. For instance, it was found out that the interaction between Russia and the Republic of Korea was characterized by horizontal ties between societies ("from civil ties to politics" vector). The research highlights the following soft power strategic tasks: the popularization of the Korean language in the world in general and in Russia in particular, the worldwide promotion of Korean cultural brands, the consolidation of the national community in foreign countries, and support for the implementation of the foreign policy tasks, specifically related to the process of tackling the North Korean issue. The Republic of Korea’s cultural projects can therefore be considered not only as culture related ones, but more extensively as a tool for pursuing the foreign interests of the state as well.

scholarly journals Essence and Specifics of the Magistrate’s Court and Conciliation Proceedings

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Mihail Mateev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The article is an attempt at a theoretical understanding of the following con- cepts: conciliation procedures, magistrate’s courts and magistrate’s justice. The research aims to analyse the genesis and nature of the models of magistrate’s justice that have de- veloped in the practice of national legal systems, and in particular in the judicial practice of the Republic of Bulgaria. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article provides a brief historical and comparative legal analysis of well-known models of magistrate’s justice. These include foreign legislations, and countries belonging to the continental legal family and the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family. This made it possible to assess the diversity of the essential elements of the institute of magistrate’s justice, and highlight their main models. Results. Based on the study of the place and role of justices of the peace in the judicial sys- tem, the author concluded that there is an emergence of justice according to the principles established during the thousand-year history of the development of justice in Europe. The classification of the types of magistrate’s justice has been carried out. Alternative methods of dispute resolution, conciliation and litigation in the resolution of disputes are also con- sidered. Discussion and Conclusion. Scientific conclusions are formulated concerning the legal na- ture of the analyzed institution, and its place in the justice system.

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