scholarly journals Lessons from Japan: promoting underutilized food crops through tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321
Author(s):  
Rachel Thomas Tharmabalan
Keyword(s):  
Food Crops ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
First Time ◽  
Blue Zone

For the first time in the XXI century, the number of people suffering from obesity worldwide surpassed the number of undernourished people. For many developing countries, this presented a so-called "double burden" of coping for over- and under-nourishment. At a rate of more than 50% of the population in Malaysia being either overweight or obese, the country is facing the most severe dietary crisis in East Asia. Often recognized as one of the healthiest populations worldwide and having a blue zone, Japan has managed to set a yardstick for countries around Asia. Hence the purpose of this study was to uncover the capacity for contribution and successful integration of traditional vegetables into Japanese daily food practices. Semi structured interviews were conducted together with participating observation with key informants to help understand the role of women in preserving and safeguarding traditional vegetables also known as 'sansai' in terms of farming and food preparation. In order to solve the unhealthy eating patterns among Malaysians, it is timely to start appreciating the contributions of the older generation in terms of wild edible usage and preparatory methods which can help alleviate the double burden of malnutrition among the population.

scholarly journals Who Remains When Professional Farmers Give up? Some Insights on Hobby Farming in an Olive Groves-Oriented Terraced Mediterranean Area

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Sabine Gennai-Schott ◽  
Tiziana Sabbatini ◽  
Davide Rizzo ◽  
Elisa Marraccini
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
First Time

Many land use systems in Mediterranean sloping areas risk abandonment because of nonprofitability, while their hydro-geological stability depends on an appropriate management. However, who are the land managers? What are their practices? Our research on the traditional olive groves of the Monte Pisano (Tuscany, Italy) reveals for the first time the quantitatively important role of hobby farmers as land managers in the area. We used a three-step-method: first, a database was constructed using several data sources to identify and map the population of olive growers; then, 35 semi-structured interviews were conducted, and finally, the data were analyzed to highlight the contribution of olive growers to the land management, along with their motivations and constraints. Our results found that hobby farmers constitute about 90% of all land managers in the study area and manage more than half of the agricultural land. They are a very uneven group, and there are no clear categories detectable by analyzing sociodemographic factors, practices and farm characteristics. They are the “same but different”, not following any market rules, as they are not profit-oriented. Their farming practices are quite homogeneous and mainly in-line with professional farming practices of that area, oriented versus a minimum input management.

scholarly journals Meanings attributed to fatherhood by adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Jimena Araújo de Jesus Sampaio ◽  
Wilza Vieira Villela ◽  
Eleonora Menicucci de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Young Father

OBJECTIVE: To understand how adolescents perceive the experience and what meanings they attribute to fatherhood.METHODS: Research of a qualitative method, using interviews of 25 young people who had become fathers for the first time. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, taped and transcribed in their entirety. Data analysis occurred using an initial and then an exhaustive reading of the material, synthesis of the results obtained, and identification of implicit content.RESULTS: The analysis and interpretation of this material allowed us to identify three thematic categories: the role of the young father; gains and losses with fatherhood, and solutions adopted during the experienced difficulties. It was evident that the exercise of fatherhood contributed to the assumption of masculinity, to play the role of guardian of the home and provider for the family.CONCLUSION: Fatherhood was seen as a positive experience that transformed teenagers into adults.

Using Trials of Improved Practices to identify practices to address the double burden of malnutrition among Rwandan children

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 3175-3186
Author(s):  
Pamela A Williams ◽  
Courtney H Schnefke ◽  
Valerie L Flax ◽  
Solange Nyirampeta ◽  
Heather Stobaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Overweight Child ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Recommended Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractObjective:Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are increasingly experiencing the double burden of malnutrition. Studies to identify ‘double-duty’ actions that address both undernutrition and overweight in sub-Saharan Africa are needed. We aimed to identify acceptable behaviours to achieve more optimal feeding and physical activity practices among both under- and overweight children in Rwanda, a sub-Saharan LMIC with one of the largest recent increases in child overweight.Design:We used the Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) method. During three household visits over 1·5 weeks, we used structured interviews and unstructured observations to collect data on infant and young child feeding practices and caregivers’ experiences with testing recommended practices.Setting:An urban district and a rural district in Rwanda.Participants:Caregivers with an under- or overweight child from 6 to 59 months of age (n 136).Results:We identified twenty-five specific recommended practices that caregivers of both under- and overweight children agreed to try. The most frequently recommended practices were related to dietary diversity, food quantity, and hygiene and food handling. The most commonly cited reason for trying a new practice was its benefits to the child’s health and growth. Financial constraints and limited food availability were common barriers. Nearly all caregivers said they were willing to continue the practices and recommend them to others.Conclusions:These practices show potential for addressing the double burden as part of a broader intervention. Still, further research is needed to determine whether caregivers can maintain the behaviours and their direct impact on both under- and overweight.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the prevalence and predictors of the double burden of malnutrition within households

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1118-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Kosaka ◽  
Masahiro Umezaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

AbstractRecently, increasing attention has been paid to the emergence of the double burden of malnutrition within households. We provide an overview of the literature regarding this phenomenon by reviewing previous studies of the prevalence of double-burden households and associated factors together with the research methods used. Studies were identified from the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science, using the same search terms for both. A total of thirty-five articles met the eligibility criteria, and 367 sets of prevalence data were extracted. In all, thirty-four articles were published in 2000 or later; twenty-four used secondary data and twenty-five focused on mother–child pairs. The ages of children varied from 0 to 19 years. All the studies used BMI as a nutritional indicator for adults. For children, height-for-age was most frequently used, whereas weight-for-age, weight-for-height and BMI-for-age were also used in multiple studies. The reported national prevalence of double-burden households varied from 0·0 to 26·8 % by country and year; however, few studies were directly comparable, because of differences in the combinations of undernourished and overweight persons, age ranges, nutritional indicators and cut-off points. Whereas many focused on African countries, a few involved Asian countries. Although urban residence, income and education were frequently assessed, the role of intermediate factors in nutritional status, such as diet and physical activity, remains unclear. It is recommended that future studies use comparable indicators and cut-off points, involve Asian countries, and investigate individual diet and physical activity.

scholarly journals Intercultural Mobility and European Identity: Impact of the Erasmus Exchange Programme in Terms of Cultural Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Fatih Goksu
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Exchange Programme ◽  
First Time

European mobility programmes have been seen as a promising method to promote European identity, particularly with a focus on young generations. In this article, I discussed the constructing role of the Erasmus exchange programme by employing the result of direct crosscultural interaction. Data from Eurobarometer surveys and outcomes concluded from the semistructured interviews revealed that socialising with other Europeans strengthened European identity but contact with the host country remained limited. Diff erent from other studies, this paper also reveals that the national identity of the participants precisely empower as a result of coaction. Furthermore, for the first time in the literature, semi-structured interviews unveiled that cultural differences such as stereotypes and prejudices have no negative effect in promoting European identity among students. Rather, it generates a positive impact for the awareness of national identity.

scholarly journals Role of food aid and assistance in addressing the double burden of malnutrition in Ghana: a qualitative policy analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000136
Author(s):  
Niisoja M Torto ◽  
Kelly D Brownell
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Background and aimsIn many low-income and middle-income countries, the double burden of malnutrition threatens public health and economic progress, urging a re-evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of nutrition actors, both traditional and non-traditional. This study examines the food aid and assistance activities of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)—one non-traditional actor in the double burden conversation—and the potential for these activities to reach beyond their traditional mandate on undernutrition to also address overweight and obesity in Ghana.MethodsInformation on WFP activities in Ghana from 2012 up through its planning into 2023 was extracted from 11 WFP planning, operations and evaluation documents. WFP activities were then judged against the WHO’s framework on the determinants of the double burden of malnutrition to determine their potential to address the double burden. Semistructured interviews were also conducted with 17 key informants in the global nutrition landscape to identify challenges that may complicate the role of WFP and other actors in addressing the double burden.ResultsThe analysis demonstrates that WFP activities in Ghana can serve as a platform on which to address the double burden, particularly by targeting the food access, food systems and socioeconomic disadvantage determinants of the double burden. Actors’ uncertainty with what role WFP should play in addressing the double burden, insufficient government attention to malnutrition and poor data on overweight and obesity were identified as potential challenges that complicate addressing the double burden.ConclusionThe findings suggest that integrating WFP as a partner in the effort to address the double burden in Ghana might help amplify progress. To better address the double burden, WFP might prioritise retrofitting existing activities rather than implementing new interventions.

scholarly journals Analysis of implementation of global nutrition policies to tackle the double burden of malnutrition in Nigeria, Zambia and Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie J. P. van den Assum ◽  
Semnen R. Lambert ◽  
Inge de Bresser ◽  
Rutger A. Schilpzand
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Desk Research

AbstractThe double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is described as the co-existence of undernutrition and overweight or diet-related non-communicable diseases within a country, community or an individual (WHO). It is a major global issue, affecting approximately half of the worlds’ population. International organizations have published policy reports to function as guidelines for national implementation to tackle the double burden of malnutrition. The goal of this study is to analyze the advancement of the implementation of these recommendations in a number of middle-income countries.Reports and recommendations on policies against DBM from 10 leading international organizations are analyzed and compared on several aspects, such as proposed measures, stakeholder involvement and target population. These organizations are UN, FAO, WHO, EAT forum, GAIN, World Food Program, World Bank, UNICEF, IFPRI and Global Panel on Agriculture and food systems for Nutrition. The level of implementation of the described policies is studied for Nigeria, Zambia and Indonesia by means of desk research and stakeholder interviews. These (semi-structured) interviews are based on the encountered information gaps within the desk research. Stakeholders were selected from a variety of organizations, such as government, NGO's, consumer organizations, science and industry in order to be able to examine the subject from different angles.The study is still ongoing at the time of abstract submission. The (preliminary) results and conclusions will be presented and they are expected to describe per country which nutrition policies against DBM are initiated or implemented. Major learnings and best practices of these implementations will be reported and major differences and similarities between implementations in Nigeria, Zambia and Indonesia will be described and compared with the policy guidelines from the leading health organizations. These results may be used as learning when policies against DBM are newly implemented in other middle-income countries or to improve existing policies.

scholarly journals ‘We are “free range” prison officers’, the experiences of Scottish Prison Service throughcare support officers working in custody and the community

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-374
Author(s):  
Matthew Maycock ◽  
Kenny McGuckin ◽  
Katrina Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Prior Work ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
Custodial Environment

Between 2015 and 2019, 41 throughcare support officers (TSOs) supported people serving short sentences leaving custody across 11 Scottish Prison Service establishments. The role of prison officers in the provision of throughcare in the community was an innovation in Scotland and represents a new approach to the long-standing challenges around supporting reintegration from custody. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 20 TSOs, this article examines their reflections on their role, bringing attention for the first time to the front-line perspectives of those involved in this novel approach to throughcare. TSO’s reflections revealed their growing awareness of the ‘pains of desistance’ and the challenges around reintegration, insights which had not been apparent to them in their prior work as officers working only in prison. The community ‘place’ of the TSO work also enabled a renewed awareness of the limits of rehabilitation within a prison and their own institutionalization after years of working in the custodial environment.

The Double Burden of Malnutrition

2015 ◽  
pp. 433-453
Author(s):  
Susan L. Averett ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Human History ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Overweight People ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
First Time

In this chapter, the authors explore the double burden of malnutrition. Although undernutrition remains a pressing issue in developing countries, for many developing nations obesity rates are rising, and obesity is emerging as a significant driver of adverse health outcomes displacing more traditional concerns of malnutrition and infectious disease. For the first time in human history, the number of overweight people rivals the number of underweight people. The chapter begins by defining and documenting the problem, then examines factors leading to its rise. The authors conclude the chapter with a discussion of potential policy responses, along with an economic rationale for such intervention.

scholarly journals Double Burden of Malnutrition: The Role of Framing in Development of Political Priority in the Context of Rising Diet-related Non-communicable Diseases in Tamil Nadu, India (P22-005-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Constantinides ◽  
Christine Blake ◽  
Edward Frongillo ◽  
Rasmi Avula ◽  
Anne-Marie Thow
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
State Level ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Abstract Objectives In low- and middle-income countries, non-communicable disease (NCD) prevalence is increasing while undernutrition persists, resulting in a double-burden of malnutrition. How policy actors frame malnutrition may shape policy, programming, and investment. In India, where NCDs are rising rapidly and undernutrition persists throughout the country, much of food and health policy is decentralized, but little is known of how the double burden of malnutrition is understood at the state level. This study aimed to identify and compare frames and priorities for nutrition used by relevant policy actors to help understand the narrative emerging around policy solutions for the double burden of malnutrition. Methods Key informants in the health, nutrition, and agriculture fields were identified from policy documents and purposive and snowball sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with 28 key informants including international policy advocates, government officials, and state-level implementers in Tamil Nadu. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded with Nvivo 12. Major themes were identified using elements from prior published work: actor power, internal frame, issue characteristics, evaluative dimensions of target populations, priorities emphasized, and potential effects of the frame or likely policy result. Results Different actors reported differing priorities for the double burden of malnutrition. There was almost universal concern about stunting and anemia in children and women and consensus on sanitation and dietary diversity as causes of undernutrition, but a lack of clarity regarding diet-related NCDs. Respondents were unclear about which populations to target for the double burden, compared to clear targeting of women and children to address undernutrition. They described lack of convergence or clear roles for actors addressing the double burden, unlike for undernutrition. Conclusions There is a lack of consensus on the causes, manifestation, and solutions for the double burden of malnutrition within the policy community. Creating a shared narrative is critical for cohesive and efficient programming to address the double burden of malnutrition. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through POSHAN, led by International Food Policy Research Institute.

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