Effects of Sodium Sulphate on Catalase and Glutathione-S-Transferase Enzyme Activities in Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (Oligochaeta:Tubificidae)

Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural triterpene from Olea europaea L. with multiple biological properties. The aim of the present study was to examine MA’s effect on cell viability (by the MTT assay), reactive oxygen species (ROS levels, by flow cytometry) and key antioxidant enzyme activities (by spectrophotometry) in murine skin melanoma (B16F10) cells compared to those on healthy cells (A10). MA induced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells (IC50 42 µM), whereas no effect was found in A10 cells treated with MA (up to 210 µM). In order to produce a stress situation in cells, 0.15 mM H2O2 was added. Under stressful conditions, MA protected both cell lines against oxidative damage, decreasing intracellular ROS, which were higher in B16F10 than in A10 cells. The treatment with H2O2 and without MA produced different responses in antioxidant enzyme activities depending on the cell line. In A10 cells, all the enzymes were up-regulated, but in B16F10 cells, only superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase increased their activities. MA restored the enzyme activities to levels similar to those in the control group in both cell lines, highlighting that in A10 cells, the highest MA doses induced values lower than control. Overall, these findings demonstrate the great antioxidant capacity of MA.

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Curcumin and resveratrol in combination modulate drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as antioxidant indices during lung carcinogenesis in mice

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327114551396 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 620-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Y Liu ◽

Y-M Wu ◽

Y Yu ◽

C-S Cao ◽

J-H Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Cytochrome B5 ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Lung Carcinogenesis ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

Noticeable Improvement ◽

Well Differentiated

This study investigated combined chemopreventive potential of curcumin and resveratrol during benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. The mice were segregated into five groups that included normal control, BP-treated, BP + curcumin-treated, BP + resveratrol-treated, and BP + curcumin + resveratrol-treated groups. A statistically significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed in the lungs of mice after 22 weeks of single dose of benzo(a)pyrene. Further, BP treatment also resulted in a significant increase in the enzyme activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase as well as drug-metabolizing enzymes, namely cytocrome P450 and cytochrome b5. On the other hand, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) were found to be significantly decreased following BP treatment. Supplementation with curcumin and resveratrol to BP-treated mice significantly decreased the LPO levels, GSH levels, and enzyme activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Further, treatment of curcumin and resveratrol to BP-treated mice significantly elevated the activities of SOD, GR, and GST. Histoarchitectural studies showed well-differentiated signs of lung carcinogenesis following BP administration to mice. However, combined treatment with curcumin and resveratrol resulted in a noticeable improvement in the lung histoarchitecture. This study, therefore, concludes that curcumin and resveratrol when supplemented in combination regulate drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes during lung carcinogenesis in mice.

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Antioxidant SMe1EC2 modulates pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in tissues of aged diabetic rats

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.1515/intox-2017-0021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 148-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nuray Nuriye Ulusu ◽

Müslüm Gök ◽

Arzu Ayşe Sayin Şakul ◽

Nuray Ari ◽

Milan Stefek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Pentose Phosphate ◽

Aged Rats ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

And Control

Abstract The pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione-associated metabolism are the main antioxidant cellular defense systems. This study investigated the effects of the powerful antioxidant SMe1EC2 (2-ethoxycarbonyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b] indolinium dichloride) on pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glutathione-dependent enzyme activities in aged diabetic and aged matched control rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in rats aged 13-15 months. Diabetic and control rats were divided into two subgroups, one untreated and one treated with SMe1EC2 (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 months. SMe1EC2 ameliorated body weight loss, but not hyperglycemia of aged diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), yet in unchanged glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of aged diabetic rats. In the liver of the aged control rats, SMe1EC2 did not affect G6PDH, 6PGDH and GR, but it inhibited GST. SMe1EC2 also failed to affect diabetes-induced decline in 6PGDH, it ameliorated G6PDH but produced further decline in GST in the liver of aged diabetic rats. In the kidney of aged rats, G6PDH and GST were found to be comparable among the groups, but diabetes up-regulated 6PGDH and GR; these alterations were prevented by SMe1EC2. In the heart of aged diabetic rats, while GST remained unchanged, the recorded increase in G6PD, 6PGD, GR was prevented by SMe1EC2. Furthermore, an unchanged GR and remarkable increases in G6PD, 6PGD and GST were found in the lung of the aged diabetic group. These alterations were completely prevented by SMe1EC2. The results suggest that in aged rats SMe1EC2 can ameliorate the response of the kidney, heart and lung but not that of the liver against diabetes-induced glucotoxicity by interfering with the activity of redox network enzymes.

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Antioxidant enzyme activities in Allium species and their cultivars under water stress

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2192-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. Csiszár ◽

E. Lantos ◽

I. Tari ◽

E. Madoşă ◽

B. Wodala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Water Withdrawal ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Soil Moisture Stress ◽

Relative Water

We compared the enzymatic antioxidative defence mechanisms of some regional subspecies of Allium (A. cepa L., A. ascalonicum auct. hort., A. sativum L.) cultivated mainly in the western regions of Romania, and two modern Hungarian climate resistant F 1 hybrids. The variability in the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and their changes under soil moisture stress were investigated. 1-week-long water stress revealed that among three Allium species, relative water content decreased only in A. ascalonicum leaves (up to 16%). Unlike root enzymes, the activities of the shoot enzymes, especially POD, GR and GST showed a stronger correlation with the water content of the leaves after one week of water withdrawal; regression coefficients (R2) were 0.359, 0.518 and 0.279, respectively. The ancient populations with elevated (or highly inducible) antioxidant enzyme activities may be interesting for further research and for breeding of new Allium varieties.

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Hepatic effects of ketoconazole in the male Swiss Webster mouse: temporal changes in drug metabolic parameters

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y90-170 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 1136-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. W. Whitehouse ◽

A. P. Pakuts ◽

C. J. Paul ◽

R. W. Mueller ◽

B. H. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Hepatic Metabolism ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Microsomal Protein ◽

Time Frame ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Michaelis Constants ◽

Opposing Effects

There have been conflicting observations regarding the effects of ketoconazole on hepatic metabolism. The objectives of these studies were to determine whether ketoconazole was an enzyme inducer or inhibitor in the mouse and then to establish the time frame of these ketoconazole-induced enzyme changes. Ketoconazole was administered (150 mg/kg p.o. × 4 days) to male Swiss Webster mice. Biochemical observations over a period of 6 days following treatment indicated that ketoconazole had a temporal biphasic effect on the liver. Although liver weight and microsomal protein were elevated, all other parameters monitored were lower at 2 h following ketoconazole treatment. At 24 h after the last dose of ketoconazole, hepatic biochemical parameters (liver wt., % liver wt./body wt., microsomal protein, and cytochrome P-450) were statistically elevated, while enzyme activities (benzphetamine N-demethylation, 6β- and 7α-hydroxylation of testosterone, formation of androstenedione and UDP-glucuronyltransferase) were inhibited. At 72 h the ketoconazole-induced changes in the hepatic biochemical parameters were comparable to those observed at 24 h, and enzymatic parameters generally appeared to be induced by ketoconazole, with the exception of benzphetamine N-demethylase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase, which exhibited lower enzyme activities. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, 7α-hydroxylation of testosterone and glutathione S-transferase, on the other hand, were unaltered by ketoconazole treatment. The opposing effects of ketoconazole on benzphetamine N-demethylase and ethylmorphine N-demethylase at 72 h were further examined. Enzyme kinetics studies indicated that ketoconazole did not effect the Michaelis constants (Km) of the two substrates, but the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the reactions was altered. Six days after drug administration all monitored parameters had returned to control values, indicating the hepatic effects of ketoconazole in the male mouse were temporal.Key words: ketoconazole in mice, hepatic effects, biphasic effects, temporal effects, enzymic effect, enzyme inhibition, enzyme induction.

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Microbiological and Toxicological Assessment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater from the Lagos Megacity, Nigeria

Chinese Journal of Biology ◽

10.1155/2014/638142 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Avemaria Ifeoma Obasi ◽

Nnamdi Henry Amaeze ◽

Damilola Dorcas Osoko

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Tap Water ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Peroxidation Product

We conducted a microbiological and toxicological profiling of a pharmaceutical wastewater, one of the major wastes entering the Lagos lagoon. The morphological characterization of seven bacterial isolates from the wastewater indicated that 4 of them were gram positive bacilli while 3 were cocci of both gram reactions. The bacterial isolates exhibited varying degrees of enzyme activities but most were able to hydrolyze starch to yield amylase. Only 3 of the isolates showed prospects as antibacterial agents, given their moderate inhibition to Staphylococcus xylosus relative to 8 other species tested. Overall, 81.3% of the isolates were resistant, and 3.3% were susceptible while 15.4% of the isolates showed intermediate sensitivity to the antibiotics. The assessment of antioxidant activities in liver samples of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to sublethal concentrations of the effluents indicated some form of oxidative stress given the higher levels of lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, in the exposed fishes relative to the control kept in dechlorinate tap water. But for reduced glutathione, activities of the antioxidative stress enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), were higher in the effluent exposed tilapia. Responses were not dose dependent and enzyme activities were often higher at day 14 compared to day 28. This relevance of the findings to water quality was discussed.

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