The Influence of Running on Foot Posture and In-Shoe Plantar Pressures

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bravo-Aguilar ◽  
Gabriel Gijón-Noguerón ◽  
Alejandro Luque-Suarez ◽  
Javier Abian-Vicen
Keyword(s):  
Heel Strike ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean

Background: Running can be considered a high-impact practice, and most people practicing continuous running experience lower-limb injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 45 min of running on foot posture and plantar pressures. Methods: The sample comprised 116 healthy adults (92 men and 24 women) with no foot-related injuries. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 28.31 ± 6.01 years; body mass index, 23.45 ± 1.96; and training time, 11.02 ± 4.22 h/wk. Outcome measures were collected before and after 45 min of running at an average speed of 12 km/h, and included the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and a baropodometric analysis. Results: The results show that foot posture can be modified after 45 min of running. The mean ± SD FPI changed from 6.15 ± 2.61 to 4.86 ± 2.65 (P < .001). Significant decreases in mean plantar pressures in the external, internal, rearfoot, and forefoot edges were found after 45 min of running. Peak plantar pressures in the forefoot decreased after running. The pressure-time integral decreased during the heel strike phase in the internal edge of the foot. In addition, a decrease was found in the pressure-time integral during the heel-off phase in the internal and rearfoot edges. Conclusions: The findings suggest that after 45 min of running, a pronated foot tends to change into a more neutral position, and decreased plantar pressures were found after the run.

The Effect of Terrain on Foot Pressures During Walking

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat Mohamed ◽  
Kay Cerny ◽  
Wendy Jones ◽  
Judy M. Burnfield
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pathology ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: High plantar pressures are associated with the development of foot ulcers in people with diabetic neuropathy. The effect of terrain on plantar pressures during walking has not been fully explored. Methods: Twenty 23- to 40-year-old subjects with no known musculoskeletal pathology walked across three terrains: padded carpet (R), grass (G), and concrete (C) while wearing Novel Pedar (Novel Electronics Inc. GMBH, Munich, Germany) insoles with and without shoes. Pressures were collected at 50 Hz. The sole of the foot was divided into: heel (H), lateral midfoot (LM), medial midfoot (MM), big toe and first metatarsal head (BT), and lateral toes and metatarsal heads (LT). Repeated measures ANOVA identified differences in pressures, forces, and contact areas across terrains. Post hoc Bonferroni adjustments were used to accept an overall alpha level of 0.05. Results: Peak pressure (PP), maximal mean pressure (MMP) and pressure time integral (PTI) were significantly higher ( p < 0.01) when walking barefoot on concrete than on grass or carpet for all foot regions except MM and LM. The percent increase in the three pressure variables ranged from 21% to 43%. Grass and carpet PP, MMP, and PTI were similar for the BT and LT. Wearing shoes significantly increased contact area and decreased all pressure variables on all three terrains. Conclusion: Walking barefoot, especially on concrete was associated with higher plantar pressure variables. Wearing shoes eliminated terrain differences in pressure except under the lesser toes. Persons with insensate feet should avoid walking barefoot on hard surfaces to avoid excessive plantar pressures. Wearing shoes and covering hard floors with nonslip, padded rugs may decrease plantar pressures and the risk of ulceration.

Plantar Pressures During Shod Gait in Diabetic Neuropathic Patients with and without a History of Plantar Ulceration

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel C. N. Sacco ◽  
Tatiana Almeida Bacarin ◽  
Maíra Grizzo Canettieri ◽  
Ewald M. Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Plantar Ulcers ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetic neuropathy leads to progressive loss of sensation, lower-limb distal muscle atrophy, autonomic impairment, and gait alterations that overload feet. This overload has been associated with plantar ulcers even with consistent daily use of shoes. We sought to investigate and compare the influence of diabetic neuropathy and plantar ulcers in the clinical history of diabetic neuropathic patients on plantar sensitivity, symptoms, and plantar pressure distribution during gait while patients wore their everyday shoes. Methods: Patients were categorized into three groups: a control group (CG; n = 15), diabetic patients with a history of neuropathic ulceration (DUG; n = 8), and diabetic patients without a history of ulceration (DG; n = 10). Plantar pressure variables were measured by Pedar System shoe insoles in five plantar regions during gait while patients wore their own shoes. Results: No statistical difference between neuropathic patients with and without a history of plantar ulcers was found in relation to symptoms, tactile sensitivity, and duration of diabetes. Diabetic patients without ulceration presented the lowest pressure–time integral under the heel (72.1 ± 16.1 kPa × sec; P = .0456). Diabetic patients with a history of ulceration presented a higher pressure–time integral at the midfoot compared to patients in the control group (59.6 ± 23.6 kPa × sec × 45.8 ± 10.4 kPa × sec; P = .099), and at the lateral forefoot compared to diabetic patients without ulceration (70.9 ± 17.7 kPa sec × 113.2 ± 61.1 kPa × sec, P = .0193). Diabetic patients with ulceration also presented the lowest weight load under the hallux (0.06 ± 0.02%, P = .0042). Conclusions: Although presenting a larger midfoot area, diabetic neuropathic patients presented greater pressure–time integrals and relative loads over this region. Diabetic patients with ulceration presented an altered dynamic plantar pressure pattern characterized by overload even when wearing daily shoes. Overload associated with a clinical history of plantar ulcers indicates future appearance of plantar ulcers. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(4): 285–294, 2009)

The Effect of Moderate Running on Foot Posture Index and Plantar Pressure Distribution in Male Recreational Runners

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Escamilla-Martínez ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Nova ◽  
Beatriz Gómez-Martín ◽  
Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Lourdes María Fernández-Seguín
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Foot Posture

Background: Fatigue due to running has been shown to contribute to changes in plantar pressure distribution. However, little is known about changes in foot posture after running. We sought to compare the Foot Posture Index before and after moderate exercise and to relate any changes to plantar pressure patterns. Methods: A baropodometric evaluation was made, using the FootScan platform (RSscan International, Olen, Belgium), of 30 men who were regular runners and their foot posture was examined using the Foot Posture Index before and after a 60-min continuous run at a moderate pace (3.3 m/sec). Results: Foot posture showed a tendency toward pronation after the 60-min run, gaining 2 points in the Foot Posture Index. The total support and medial heel contact areas increased, as did pressures under the second metatarsal head and medial heel. Conclusions: Continuous running at a moderate speed (3.3 m/sec) induced changes in heel strike related to enhanced pronation posture, indicative of greater stress on that zone after physical activity. This observation may help us understand the functioning of the foot, prevent injuries, and design effective plantar orthoses in sport. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(2): 121–125, 2013)

Plantar Pressures During Level Walking Compared with Other Ambulatory Activities

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Lundeen ◽  
Kurt Lundquist ◽  
Mark W. Cornwall ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Sensor Platform ◽  
Ambulatory Activities ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was designed to determine the magnitude of plantar pressures during level walking in comparison to other activities. These activities included climbing up stairs, going down stairs, a simple pivot while walking, and a crossover pivot while walking in normal individuals. Twelve volunteers, six men and six women, mean age 28 years, served as subjects. Data were collected on the dominant foot with an EMED-SF pressure sensor platform as each subject walked barefoot and did each of the five activities. Maximum plantar pressure (MPP) and pressure-time integral (PTI) was found in the metatarsal and heel regions. The results of repeated-measures analysis of variance tests showed that the five experimental conditions were statistically different for both MPP and PTI in the metatarsal and heel regions. Post hoc analysis indicated that MPP and PTI were decreased during the going down stairs condition in the heel and increased during the crossover pivot while walking and pivot while walking conditions for the metatarsal region.

Relationship Between Neutral Subtalar Joint Position and Pattern of Rearfoot Motion During Walking

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas McPoil ◽  
Mark W. Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Rearfoot Motion ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the angle formed by the rearfoot when the subtalar joint is positioned in neutral and the pattern of rearfoot motion during walking. Each lower extremity for 50 healthy young adult subjects (mean age 25.5 years) was videotaped and the pattern of rearfoot motion was assessed using two-dimensional analysis. The results indicate that the rearfoot is slightly inverted before heel strike and that the average time to maximum pronation occurs at approximately 37.9% of the stance phase duration. Contrary to a previously published theory, the “neutral” position of the rearfoot for the typical pattern of rearfoot motion during the walking cycle was found to be resting standing foot posture rather than subtalar joint neutral position.

scholarly journals Children with Obesity Experience Different Age-Related Changes in Plantar Pressure Distributions: A Follow-Up Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6602
Author(s):  
Yihong Zhao ◽  
Debin Zheng ◽  
Shiyang Yan ◽  
Mengyuan Liu ◽  
Luming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Z Scores

Age is a key factor in plantar pressure distributions during the development of obese children. However, the existing evidence for age-related plantar pressures of obese children is not sufficient to make clear how the plantar pressures would change with the increasing age. This study aimed to evaluate the plantar pressure redistributions of obese children after a three-year follow-up and to further compare these changes with normal-weighted children. Ten obese children and eleven normal-weighted counterparts were involved in this study. Plantar pressure measurements were undertaken using a Footscan® plantar pressure plate on two test sessions three years apart. Peak pressure, pressure-time integral, standard maximum force, and z-scores of these variables were analyzed. Loading transference analyses were applied to detect the different loading transferring mechanisms between obese and normal-weighted children. Significantly increased plantar pressures were observed at the lateral forefoot and midfoot for obese children, which gradually deviated from those of normal-weighted children over the 3 years. With the increasing age, obese children displayed a lateral loading shift at the forefoot in contrast to the normal-weighted. Early interventions are cautiously recommended for obese children before the plantar loading deviation gets worse as they grow older.

The Effect of Toe Flexion Exercises on Grip

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Branthwaite ◽  
Gemma Grabtree ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽  
Andrew Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Force Contact

Background: Weakness of the toe flexor muscles has been attributed to the development of toe pathologies, and it responds well in the clinic to toe grip exercises. However, it is unknown whether exercising the toe flexor muscles improves the ability to grip and alter function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe flexor exercises on apical plantar pressure, as a measure of grip, while seated and during gait. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with no known toe pathologies were recruited. Static peak pressure, time spent at peak pressure, and pressure-time integral while seated, as well as dynamic forefoot maximal force, contact area, and percentage contact time, were recorded before and after exercise. Toe grip exercises with a therapy ball were completed daily for 6 weeks. Results: Static peak pressure significantly increased after exercise on the apex of the second and third digits, as did the pressure-time integral. Dynamic peak force and contact area did not alter after exercise around the metatarsals and toes, yet percentage contact time significantly increased for each metatarsal after completing daily toe grip exercises. Conclusions: Exercises to improve the grip ability of the toes increased the static peak pressure on the apex of the second and third digits as well as the percentage contact time of the metatarsals during gait. The ability to increase apical peak pressure and contact time after exercises could assist in improving forefoot stability and gait efficiency and in reducing toe pathology progression.

Total contact casts and removable cast walkers. Mitigation of plantar heel pressure

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Armstrong ◽  
S Stacpoole-Shea
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Transverse Motion ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Total Contact Cast ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of various modalities to reduce pressure in the plantar heel. Twenty-five patients with grade 1A plantar foot ulcerations were evaluated; a repeat measures design comparing plantar pressure was used to evaluate the total contact cast, the Aircast pneumatic walker, the DH pressure relief walker, and depth-inlay shoes. The total contact cast reduced pressure significantly better than the other modalities; however, its pressure reduction was only 33% less than a baseline sneaker. All other modalities reduced significantly more pressure than the depth-inlay shoe. The DH walker had a significantly lower pressure-time integral than other modalities. These data indicate that, while the total contact cast appears to be effective compared with other modalities, the role that limitation of transverse motion of the fat pad on compression at heel strike has yet to be fully explained.

scholarly journals The Reduction of 1st Metatarsal Plantar Pressures With a Novel Offloading Device (the Mandakini) in a Singaporean Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Yan Ting Lee ◽  
Pui Wah Kong ◽  
Thanaporn Tunprasert
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract AimsThere is an overall lack of affordable and accessible offloading modalities for diabetic foot ulceration. The Mandakini is a cheap offloading device made-up of gloves. This study aims to investigate its effectiveness in reducing plantar pressures compared to 7mm semi-compressed felt (SCF) and barefoot walking. Materials and methodsPlantar pressures of 30 healthy staff from a local hospital in Singapore were captured under three offloading conditions – the Mandakini, SCF and barefoot walking (control). Peak pressure (PP), pressure-time integral (PTI) and contact time (CT) at the 1st metatarsal and its surrounding regions were analysed. Participants rated their comfort levels in each condition on a visual analogue scale from 1 to 10.Results Statistically significant reductions in PP and PTI of 43 ± 12 kPa (14%) and 14 ± 4 kPa.s (16%) respectively were observed at the 1st metatarsal with the Mandakini compared to control (p=0.001, p=0.002). Reductions were however significantly lower than SCF which reduced PP and PTI by 83 ± 11 kPa (28%) and 28 ± 3 kPa.s (33%) respectively compared to control (p<0.001, p<0.001). No statistically significant difference in CT was observed with the Mandakini compared to control (p=0.499). Comfort levels were not significantly different between the Mandakini and SCF with means 5.7 ± 1.8 and 6.2 ± 2.1 respectively (p=0.257). Conclusion This study highlights the Mandakini’s potential in providing cost-effective offloading through pressure redistribution. Nonetheless, in barefoot conditions, SCF should remain the preferred modality. Future pressure studies on patients with diabetes will provide better representations of the Mandakini’s effectiveness on the target population.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

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