Thinking about Corruption in Greece1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Azariadis ◽  
Yannis M. Ioannides
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Economic Outcome ◽  
Good News ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Eu Countries

The chapter addresses the issue of corruption, which appears to be endemic in Greece. It reviews the facts about corruption as a multifaceted phenomenon and its relationship to tax evasion, by comparing Greece to its EU partners as well as internationally. The chapter looks at corruption as an example of anti-social behavior through the prism of modern theories of social interactions and property rights. This offers both bad and good news. Corruption is rampant in Greece, and with a much higher incidence than in other EU countries. One way to deal with it is by means of zero tolerance and relentless vigilance. A second way to deal with corruption is to design institutions that encourage honest behavior and facilitate reporting of abuses. However, an outcome thoroughly permeated by corrupt practices is not the only possible social and economic outcome. Taste for proper social behavior can be taught and learned, and adverse practices discussed in the chapter may be altered by suitable reforms and retraining of public servants.

scholarly journals Aberrant aggressive behavior in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Simchi ◽  
Hanoch Kaphzan
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Angelman Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Severe Difficulty

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder due to the absence of the E3-ligase protein, UBE3A. Inappropriate social interactions, usually hyper-sociability, is a part of that syndrome. In addition, clinical surveys and case reports describe aggressive behavior in AS individuals as a severe difficulty for caretakers. A mouse model for AS recapitulates most of the human AS phenotypes. However, very few studies utilized this mouse model for investigating affiliative social behavior, and not even a single study examined aggressive behavior. Hence, the aim of the herein study was to examine affiliative and aggressive social behavior. For that, we utilized a battery of behavioral paradigms, and performed detailed analyses of these behaviors. AS mice exhibited a unique characteristic of reduced habituation towards a social stimulus in comparison to their wild-type (WT) littermates. However, overall there were no additional marked differences in affiliative social behavior. In contrast to the mild changes in affiliative behavior, there was a striking enhanced aggression in the AS mice compared to their WT littermates. The herein findings emphasize the use of AS mouse model in characterizing and measuring inappropriate aggressive behavior, and suggests these as tools for investigating therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating aggressive behavior.

Electrical Emissions in Gymnotus Carapo and Their Relation To Social Behavior

Behaviour ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Valone
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

Abstract1. The relation between the social behavior and the electrical emissions of Gymnotus carapo is examined. 2. Members of the species Gymnotus carapo approach certain sources of electrical stimuli and, in a statistically significant number of instances, assume a stance parallel to the plane from which the stimuli originate. 3. The approach and postural responses elicited by electrical cues resemble those observed when two fish, placed in the same tank, interact socially. 4. Electrical cues therefore appear to facilitate certain social interactions in Gymnotus carapo. 5. The character of electrical emission in Gymnotus carapo appears to change as a function of certain social interaction: a. Interaction resembling aggression is accompanied by brief increases in the frequency of emission. b. The increases in frequency appear to be linked to thrusting movements. c. Fish interacting with one another appear to lock into a common frequency more often than fish that are not in physical contact with one another. d. During social interaction, one of the two fish is occasionally observed to halt emissions altogether. 6. The exact significance of the social behavior observed in the context of the life history of Gymnotus carapo is unknown.

Culture as a normative social behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Andrey Yakovlevich Flier
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
System A

The article shows that in culture as a social system, a special role is played by normative social behavior, which regulates social interaction and communication between people, and mores, with the help of which the regulation of social interactions is carried out.

scholarly journals Exploring Interactions between the Gut Microbiota and Social Behavior through Nutrition

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Pasquaretta ◽  
Tamara Gómez-Moracho ◽  
Philipp Heeb ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Geometry ◽  
Social Animals

Microbes influence a wide range of host social behaviors and vice versa. So far, however, the mechanisms underpinning these complex interactions remain poorly understood. In social animals, where individuals share microbes and interact around foods, the gut microbiota may have considerable consequences on host social interactions by acting upon the nutritional behavior of individual animals. Here we illustrate how conceptual advances in nutritional ecology can help the study of these processes and allow the formulation of new empirically testable predictions. First, we review key evidence showing that gut microbes influence the nutrition of individual animals, through modifications of their nutritional state and feeding decisions. Next, we describe how these microbial influences and their social consequences can be studied by modelling populations of hosts and their gut microbiota into a single conceptual framework derived from nutritional geometry. Our approach raises new perspectives for the study of holobiont nutrition and will facilitate theoretical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms and evolution of social behavior.

Teaching Nonhandicapped Students about Individual Differences: A Pilot Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stainback ◽  
Susan Stainback ◽  
Catherine Hatcher ◽  
Marlene Strathe ◽  
Harriet Healy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Direct Training ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
The Social

The lack of social acceptance of handicapped students by their nonhandicapped peers has been cited as a major deterrent to the success of mainstreaming (Strain, 1982). While this problem has been recognized, there has been little empirical investigation of ways to deal with the social acceptance issue beyond direct training of the handicapped in appropriate social behavior development (Gresham 1981). The primary purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of training nonhandicapped students about individual differences on their social interactions with rejected handicapped students. The results of the investigation provide initial evidence that training nonhandicapped students about individual differences influences their social interactions with their rejected handicapped peers in a small group setting.

scholarly journals The Emotional Lexicon Used by Male and Female Communication: Study of Balinese Language Used in South Kuta-Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Emotional Lexicon ◽  
Communication Study

The aims of this research is to analyse about the differences of emotional lexicon used by male and female communication in South Kuta-Bali when they used Balinese language in their daily interaction.  The scope of male and female is closely related to the social behavior which includes the social identity of male and female in society and this becomes the basis of how the language is used in this context of social. This research is interested to uncover more how people use language in terms of expressing their emotional in social interaction. This study is a sociolinguistic approach used the theory from Hickey, Raymon (2010). The data source in this study is the south Kuta community who use Balinese language in social interactions. The Data collection is done by observation, interview, recording and note taking and descriptive qualitative method is applied to analyze the data. The result of the analysis found that the emotional lexical is used by the male and female in their social interaction, it could mention that both Augmentatives and Euphemisms is used by male and female in their social interaction however the augmentative is mostly used by female in informal occasion. Balinese female often used prohibition instead of imperative in expressing her idea about ordering someone to do something. In the other hand, the male directly used imperative sentence in ordering something. He usually does not use many awkwardness to say his point in a conversation. This may be considered that the male often go to the straight point when expressing his idea. Keywords: Emotional Lexicon, Male and Female

scholarly journals Heterarchy Reveals Social Organization of a Smooth Stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) Population in a Provisioned Food Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Pini-Fitzsimmons ◽  
Nathan A. Knott ◽  
Culum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Provisioned Food

The advent of new technologies and statistical analyses has provided valuable insights into chondrichthyan social behavior. It has become apparent that sharks and rays lead more complex social lives than previously believed. Heterarchy combines hierarchy and social network theory and although it is not a new concept, it is rarely applied to animal social interactions. Here, we applied heterarchy to a case study involving smooth stingrays foraging for fish scraps at boat ramp in Jervis Bay, NSW Australia. We took advantage of their attraction to this site to examine their social behavior during agonistic interactions over the provisioned resource. We observed a stable, relatively linear but shallow dominance hierarchy that was highly transitive dominated by a single individual. Social network analysis revealed a non-random social network centered on the dominant individual. Contrary to previous research, size did not predict dominance, but it was correlated with network centrality. The factors determining dominance of lower ranks were difficult to discern, which is characteristic of despotic societies. This study provides the first heterarchical assessment of stingray sociality, and suggests this species is capable of complex social behavior. Given higher dominance and centrality relate to greater access to the provisioned resource, the observed social structure likely has fitness implications.

TAX GAP AS A CONSEQUENCE OF UNPAID TAX LI-ABILITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
RADAN KOSTIĆ ◽  
MILAN MIHAJLOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
The Subject

Tax evasion and grey economy are present in all countries. It’s es-timated that grey economy in developed EU countries is at around 10-15% of GDP, while it amounts to over 30% of GDP in Serbia. Therefore the subject of this paper is determining basic goals of Serbia’s tax policy, i.e. combating grey economy that complicates efficient resource allocation and slows down economic development, because economic subjects that are prone to tax evasion represent disloyal competi-tion to economic subjects that do business legally. In order to fight tax evasion, or-ganization and work of tax administration are of special importance.

Social Trust and Reciprocity Among Adolescent Girls Exposed to Interpersonal Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988152
Author(s):  
Kyrie Sellnow ◽  
Karyn Esbensen ◽  
Josh M. Cisler
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
And Control

Trauma research has traditionally focused on altered emotion regulation and its role in psychopathology, whereas mechanisms of social behavior remain comparatively unexplored, particularly among adolescents. It has been previously reported that adolescents with histories of interpersonal violence (IV) demonstrate disrupted social learning, and the degree to which they are impaired during social interactions requiring trustful behaviors may be associated with their levels of anxiety. In the present study, 52 adolescent females ( n = 26 control; n = 26 IV-exposed) between ages of 11 and 17 completed a multi-round adaptation of the Trust Game in which they interacted with a confederate peer run by a computer program, alternating between the roles of investor and investee. The task was designed to operationalize the social behaviors of trust and trust reciprocity, where the magnitude of the participants’ monetary investment in the confederate during the investor role represented trust while the proportion of investment returned to the confederate in the investee role represented trust reciprocity. IV-exposed and control participants did not differ in trust (i.e., as investors); however, IV-exposed participants without anxiety diagnoses demonstrated lower trust than those with anxiety diagnoses. For trust reciprocity (i.e., as investees), there were again no differences between IV-exposed participants and controls; however, IV-exposed participants with anxiety diagnoses had increased trust reciprocity compared with both other groups. Similarly, caregiver-reported anxiety symptoms were associated with trust reciprocity behaviors among the IV-exposed adolescents. Findings suggest that IV exposure and associated anxiety impacts adolescents’ trust behaviors, demonstrating potential mechanisms for maladaptive social behavior among trauma-exposed youth.

South Africa’s Ramaphosa will tout reform impetus

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Good News ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Budget Policy

Significance A week previously, new Finance Minister Tito Mboweni’s Medium-Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) showed a worrying deterioration in deficit and debt ratios. However, President Cyril Ramaphosa’s administration has received good news in the form of 20 billion dollars in new investment pledges following the government's Investment Conference. Impacts Maintaining the expenditure ceiling pleases the market but could undermine service delivery and infrastructure spending. Recent poor polling numbers for the ANC could see growing internal pushback against government reform proposals. Lingering uncertainty over property rights due to government expropriation proposals will remain a concern to rating agencies and investors.

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