scholarly journals Purkinje cell neurotransmission patterns cerebellar basket cells into zonal modules defined by distinct pinceau sizes

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Zhou ◽  
Amanda M Brown ◽  
Elizabeth P Lackey ◽  
Marife Arancillo ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Basket Cell ◽  
Basket Cells ◽  
Conditional Allele ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Cell Somata ◽  
Ramón Y Cajal

Ramón y Cajal proclaimed the neuron doctrine based on circuit features he exemplified using cerebellar basket cell projections. Basket cells form dense inhibitory plexuses that wrap Purkinje cell somata and terminate as pinceaux at the initial segment of axons. Here, we demonstrate that HCN1, Kv1.1, PSD95 and GAD67 unexpectedly mark patterns of basket cell pinceaux that map onto Purkinje cell functional zones. Using cell-specific genetic tracing with an Ascl1CreERT2 mouse conditional allele, we reveal that basket cell zones comprise different sizes of pinceaux. We tested whether Purkinje cells instruct the assembly of inhibitory projections into zones, as they do for excitatory afferents. Genetically silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission blocks the formation of sharp Purkinje cell zones and disrupts excitatory axon patterning. The distribution of pinceaux into size-specific zones is eliminated without Purkinje cell GABAergic output. Our data uncover the cellular and molecular diversity of a foundational synapse that revolutionized neuroscience.

scholarly journals Purkinje cell neurotransmission patterns cerebellar basket cells into zonal modules that are defined by distinct pinceau sizes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Zhou ◽  
Amanda M. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth P. Lackey ◽  
Marife Arancillo ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Basket Cell ◽  
Basket Cells ◽  
Conditional Allele ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Cell Somata ◽  
Ramón Y Cajal

AbstractRamón y Cajal proclaimed the neuron doctrine based on circuit features he exemplified using cerebellar basket cell projections. Basket cells form dense inhibitory plexuses that wrap Purkinje cell somata and terminate as pinceaux at the initial segment of axons. Here, we demonstrate that HCN1, Kv1.1, PSD95 and GAD67 unexpectedly mark patterns of basket cell pinceaux that map onto Purkinje cell functional zones. Using cell-specific genetic tracing with an Ascl1CreERT2 mouse conditional allele, we reveal that basket cell zones comprise different sizes of pinceaux. We tested whether Purkinje cells instruct the assembly of inhibitory projections into zones, as they do for excitatory afferents. Genetically silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission blocks the formation of sharp Purkinje cell zones and disrupts excitatory axon patterning. The distribution of pinceaux into size-specific zones is eliminated without Purkinje cell output. Our data uncover the cellular and molecular diversity of a foundational synapse that revolutionized neuroscience.

Roles of GABA Signaling in Directing Basket Cell Axonal Projections Toward Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Miwa ◽  
Ken Kobayashi ◽  
Shinobu Hirai ◽  
Mitsuhiko Yamada ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Basket Cell ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Basket Cells ◽  
Gaba Signaling

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, synthesized by two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD): GAD65 and GAD67. GABA may act as a trophic factor during brain development, but its contribution to the development and maturation of cerebellar neural circuits is not known. To understand the roles of GABA in cerebellar development and associated functions in motor coordination and balance, we examined GAD65 conventional knock out (KO) mice and mice in which GAD67 was eliminated in parvalbumin-expressing neurons ( PV-Cre ; GAD67 flox/flox mice). We found aberrant subcellular localization of the Shaker-type K channel Kv1.1 in basket cell collaterals of PV-Cre ; GAD67 flox/flox mice and abnormal projections from basket cells to Purkinje cells in both mouse strains. Furthermore, PV-Cre ; GAD67 flox/flox mice exhibited abnormal motor coordination in the rotarod test. These results indicate that GABA signaling in the cerebellum during development is critical for establishing appropriate connections between basket cells and Purkinje cells and is associated with motor coordination in mice.

Basket cell development in the normal and hypothyroid rat cerebellar cortex studied with a monoclonal anti-neurofilament antibody

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Leclerc ◽  
Claude Gravel ◽  
Andrius Plioplys ◽  
Richard Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Basket Cell ◽  
Neurofilament Protein ◽  
Basket Cells

We have used a monoclonal antibody against an antigenic determinant of the 210-kdalton neurofilament protein to study basket cell maturation in rat cerebellar cortex. Neurofilament immunoreactivity first appears in basket cells at postnatal day 12 and mature axonal "pinceaux" are present at postnatal day 17. There are large differences in the rate of maturation from lobe to lobe which do not fully correspond to the rate of Purkinje cell differentiation. In hypothyroid rats the expression of the neurofilament antigen by basket cells is almost completely suppressed.

scholarly journals THE VISUALIZATION OF CONCANAVALIN A BINDING SITES IN PURKINJE CELL SOMATA AND DENDRITES OF RAT CEREBELLUM

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Wood ◽  
Barbara J. McLaughlin ◽  
Robert P. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Con A ◽  
Rat Cerebellum ◽  
Cell Somata

The localization of concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites in Purkinje cell somata and dendrites has been studied using a peroxidase labeling technique. In the somata, the nuclear, Golgi, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes are rich in Con A binding sites. The hypolemmal cisternae, which are continuous with the ER from the soma and throughout the dendritic tree of Purkinje cells, are also rich in Con A binding sites. Other cisternae seen in these dendrites do not bind detectable amounts of Con A. The results suggest that a cisternal system, rich in carbohydrate, may be continuous from the nuclear envelope to distal dendritic segments of Purkinje cells. Such a system could play a role in the movement of materials from Purkinje somata to dendrites.

scholarly journals Analysis of the study of the cerebellar pinceau by Korn and Axelrad

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Blot ◽  
Boris Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Axon Initial Segment ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell ◽  
Basket Cell ◽  
Mauthner Cell ◽  
Parallel Fibres ◽  
Chemical Synapses ◽  
Stimulation Of

The axon initial segment of each cerebellar Purkinje cell is ensheathed by basket cell axons in a structure called the pinceau, which is largely devoid of chemical synapses and gap junctions. These facts and ultrastructural similarities with the axon cap of the teleost Mauthner cell led to the conjecture that the pinceau mediates ephaptic (via the extracellular field) inhibition. Korn and Axelrad published a study in 1980 in which they reported confirmation of this conjecture. We have analysed their results and show that most are likely to be explained by an artefactual signal arising from the massive stimulation of parallel fibres they employed. We reproduce their experiments and confirm that all of their results are consistent with this artefact. Their data therefore provide no evidence regarding the operation of the pinceau.

Decrement of the Purkinje Cells Diameter after Oral Intake of Lithium in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788-1789
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Farah Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter ◽  
Group B

Background: The histology of Cerebellar gray matter consists of a middle Purkinje cells layer with flask shaped Purkinje cells. The field of Neurology has documented that different organic compounds and metals are lethal to the excitatory Purkinje Neurons. Researches have proved Lithium to be hazardous to nervous tissue and especially Cerebellum For the past sixty years Lithium is the favorable drug for treatment of Bipolar Disorder. Aim: To Analyse and record the changes of decrement of the size of Purkinje cell Diameter after chronic Lithium ingestion. Methods: Sixteen albino rats were selected and were treated with lithium for a period of fifteen days and the data for changes in Purkinje cells Diameter was observed. Results: The Observations of Our study showed highly significantly decreased diameter of the Purinje cells in Group B (Lithium Carbonate) animals as compared to Group A Animals which were on Lab Diet Conclusion: The Morphometric Data proved that Lithium Carbonate is Toxic to Purkinje cells, and it educated our Population to use Lithium with caution. Keywords: Purkinje cell Diameter, Gray matter, Hazardous

scholarly journals Activation of MAP3K DLK and LZK in Purkinje Cells Causes Rapid and Slow Degeneration Depending on Signaling Strength

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunbo Li ◽  
Erin M Ritchie ◽  
Christopher L. Steinke ◽  
Cai Qi ◽  
Lizhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Jnk Activation

SummaryThe conserved MAP3K Dual leucine zipper kinases can activate JNK via MKK4 or MKK7. Vertebrate DLK and LZK share similar biochemical activities and undergo auto-activation upon increased expression. Depending on cell-type and nature of insults DLK and LZK can induce pro-regenerative, pro-apoptotic or pro-degenerative responses, although the mechanistic basis of their action is not well understood. Here, we investigated these two MAP3Ks in cerebellar Purkinje cells using loss- and gain-of function mouse models. While loss of each or both kinases does not cause discernible defects in Purkinje cells, activating DLK causes rapid death and activating LZK leads to slow degeneration. Each kinase induces JNK activation and caspase-mediated apoptosis independent of each other. Significantly, deleting CELF2, which regulates alternative splicing of Mkk7, strongly attenuates Purkinje cell degeneration induced by activation of LZK, but not DLK. Thus, controlling the activity levels of DLK and LZK is critical for neuronal survival and health.

scholarly journals Purkinje Cell Collaterals Enable Output Signals from the Cerebellar Cortex to Feed Back to Purkinje Cells and Interneurons

Neuron ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens Witter ◽  
Stephanie Rudolph ◽  
R. Todd Pressler ◽  
Safiya I. Lahlaf ◽  
Wade G. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex

GAD67-mediated GABA Synthesis and Signaling Impinges on Directing Basket Cell Axonal Projections Toward Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Miwa ◽  
Ken Kobayashi ◽  
Shinobu Hirai ◽  
Mitsuhiko Yamada ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Basket Cell ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Gaba Synthesis

scholarly journals Functionally distinct Purkinje cell types show temporal precision in encoding locomotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17330-17337
Author(s):  
Weipang Chang ◽  
Andrea Pedroni ◽  
Victoria Hohendorf ◽  
Stefania Giacomello ◽  
Masahiko Hibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Pattern Generators ◽  
Cell Networks

Purkinje cells, the principal neurons of cerebellar computations, are believed to comprise a uniform neuronal population of cells, each with similar functional properties. Here, we show an undiscovered heterogeneity of adult zebrafish Purkinje cells, revealing the existence of anatomically and functionally distinct cell types. Dual patch-clamp recordings showed that the cerebellar circuit contains all Purkinje cell types that cross-communicate extensively using chemical and electrical synapses. Further activation of spinal central pattern generators (CPGs) revealed unique phase-locked activity from each Purkinje cell type during the locomotor cycle. Thus, we show intricately organized Purkinje cell networks in the adult zebrafish cerebellum that encode the locomotion rhythm differentially, and we suggest that these organizational properties may also apply to other cerebellar functions.

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