Decrement of the Purkinje Cells Diameter after Oral Intake of Lithium in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788-1789
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Farah Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter ◽  
Group B

Background: The histology of Cerebellar gray matter consists of a middle Purkinje cells layer with flask shaped Purkinje cells. The field of Neurology has documented that different organic compounds and metals are lethal to the excitatory Purkinje Neurons. Researches have proved Lithium to be hazardous to nervous tissue and especially Cerebellum For the past sixty years Lithium is the favorable drug for treatment of Bipolar Disorder. Aim: To Analyse and record the changes of decrement of the size of Purkinje cell Diameter after chronic Lithium ingestion. Methods: Sixteen albino rats were selected and were treated with lithium for a period of fifteen days and the data for changes in Purkinje cells Diameter was observed. Results: The Observations of Our study showed highly significantly decreased diameter of the Purinje cells in Group B (Lithium Carbonate) animals as compared to Group A Animals which were on Lab Diet Conclusion: The Morphometric Data proved that Lithium Carbonate is Toxic to Purkinje cells, and it educated our Population to use Lithium with caution. Keywords: Purkinje cell Diameter, Gray matter, Hazardous

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

To Evaluate The Pernicious Histological Changes Of the Thickness Of Purkinje Cell Layer After Lithium Carbonate Ingestion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793-1794
Author(s):  
Farah Malik ◽  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Aftab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats

Background: The human cerebellum consists of two lobes and each cerebellar hemisphere consists of Gray and white matter. The gray matter has outermost layer called Molecular cell layer, the middle layer composed of Purkinje cell and innermost is Granular cell layer. In the Molecular layer are Stellate, Basket and Dendrites of Purkinje cells. The middle layer presented the characteristic pyramidal shaped Purkinje cells. Aim: To evaluate and record morphological data of the thickness of purkinje cells layer in normal Control group A and in group B rodents which were given lithium carbonate so as to prove the lethal property of the anti-depressive drug lithium carbonate on the histology of Purinje cells layer of cerebellar cortex. Method: Ten albino rats were given lithium carbonate for a period of six weeks and then micrometry was carried out for both groups. Results: The data which was obtained in both groups was analyzed and it was concluded that the Clinicians and population should be aware of the deleterious effects of lithium carbonate. Conclusion: Our study defined the consequences and the sequele of using Lithium carbonate by patients suffering from psychosis as Lithium can cause toxicity even at therapeutic doses. Keywords: Micrometry, deleterious, rhombencephalon

scholarly journals Restoration of Cerebellar Gray Matter Thickness by Methylcobalamin (6 Weeks Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1644-1645
Author(s):  
Aftab Ahmed ◽  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Qanbar Abbas Naqvi ◽  
Rana Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Faiza Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Cerebellar Gray Matter ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Oxidant Effect ◽  
Basic Medical

Background: Methylcobalamin is essential vitamin required for DNA synthesis during cell division therefore maintain the architecture of nervous tissue distorted by soft metals such as Lithium Carbonate. Accurate documentation of the thickness cerebellar cortical thickness was required in subjects who were injected with methylcobalamin distorted by Lithium Carbonate. Aim: To provide data of cerebellar gray matter thickness distorted by Lithium Carbonate by the anti-oxidant effect of methylcobalamin. Methods: Fifteen albino rats were maintained on food and diet in Animal House of the Basic Medical Sciences Institute, JPMC Karachi for a period of 6 weeks. Results: The results obtained of the thickness of cerebellar gray matter distorted by Lithium Carbonate was restored by methylcobalamin in our study. Conclusion: To observe the neuroprotective effect of B12 on distorted cerebellar cortex treated by Lithium Carbonate. Keywords: Methylcobalamin, Lithium Carbonate, Gray Matter, Cerebellum

Social Facilitation of Exploratory Behavior in Rats: Effects of Increased Exposure to Novel Stimuli

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Simmel ◽  
D. Phillip McGee
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In a replication of an earlier study, with minor modifications of apparatus and an increase of trial durations from 4 to 6 min., 6 male albino rats (Group A) who had previously explored a novel stimulus were run with 6 rats who had not. When compared with 6 rats (Group B) who had explored the stimulus and were then run with 6 Ss who had equivalent experience, Group A Ss showed significantly more exploratory responses than Group B Ss ( p = > .001). Group A Ss made 103 exploratory responses within 5 sec. of Ss with which they were paired, while Group B Ss made none. These results were in the same direction as those reported in the previous study, but the differences were much greater.

scholarly journals Oncological and Functional Evaluation of Open Conservation Surgery for Hypopharyngeal Cancer with/without Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Nomura ◽  
Daisuke Maki ◽  
Sadahiro Kishishita ◽  
Fumihiko Matsumoto ◽  
Seiichi Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Transoral Surgery ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Conservation Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives. Oncological and functional results of open conservation surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer have been desired. Methods. We performed a chart review of 33 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent open conservation surgery. Oncological and functional results were evaluated in surgery with primary closure (Group A) and surgery with reconstruction (Group B). Postoperative functions were evaluated by interval to resumption of oral intake, Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) and Communication Scale (CS). Results. Five-year disease-specific and overall cumulative survival rates by Kaplan-Meier method for all cases were 95.7% and 82.3%, respectively. Duration from surgery to full oral intake was 12 days in Group A and 14 days in Group B. FOSS rates were 83.3 in Group A and 95.5 in Group B. CS was 0 in both groups. Conclusion. Oncological and functional results of open conservation surgery were comparable to those with transoral surgery and chemo/radiotherapy. Our technique represents a reliable treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of Cleome gynandra leaf extract on the estrous cycle and histology of the ovary and uterus of wistar albino rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394
Author(s):  
Lemuel Ann Monima ◽  
Muhammad Buhari ◽  
Sodiq Lawal ◽  
Echoru Isaac ◽  
Ssempijja Fred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B

Cleome gynandra is a medicinal plant that is used all over Uganda to hasten childbirth because, it possesses the ability to contract the uterus. It is also used as an abortifacient in the first trimester. In this study, the effects of Cleome gynandra were investigated on the estrous cycle and the histology of the ovary and uterus of adult Wistar rat. Twelve adult female Wistar rats of 130-140g average weight were used. These were divided into three groups of four animals each. Group A received distilled water only, while animals in groups B and C received 250mg/kg body weight and 500mg/kg body weight of extract, orally and daily respectively. Monitoring of estrous cycle continued throughout the three weeks of extract administration. After three weeks, the ovaries and uteri were excised and processed for histological examination. In the ovary, there was a reduction in number of primordia, primary, secondary and graafian follicles in the treated groups. Vacuolations were common to both the ovarian and uterine tissues of treated animals. The estrous cycle of Group B and C, showed a mild disruption when compared to animals in Group A. The results showed that the plant extract studied, exerted negative influences on the estrous cycle and histology of the ovary and uterus of Wistar albino rats, suggesting a disturbance on the reproductive health of the animals. Further studies to determine the mechanism of action of Cleome gynandra on the ovary and uterus and the levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone is recommended.Key Words: Cleome gynandra, estrous cycle, Wistar albino rats, ovarian follicles.

scholarly journals OR13-01 Comparison of Vitamin D Metabolism in Deficient and Sufficient States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Zhukov ◽  
Alexandra Povaliaeva ◽  
Ekaterina Pigarova ◽  
Larisa Dzeranova ◽  
Victor Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objective: to study the differences in calcium-phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism in healthy individuals with deficient and sufficient baseline state of vitamin D. Materials and methods: The study included 16 young conditionally healthy individuals, divided into two equal groups: with levels of 25(OH)D below and above 30 ng/ml determined by the immunochemiluminescent method (Group A and Group B respectively; DEQAS certified). All participants were evaluated for the biochemical parameters of blood and urine, characterizing calcium-phosphorus metabolism, PTH by commercial methods, and vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3) by HPLC/MS-MS before oral intake of 150 000 IU of an aqueous solution of cholecalciferol and 7 days after administration. Results: At baseline, the level of vitamin D metabolite 25(OH)D2 in Group B was lower with no significant differences in other studied parameters. In group A, strong positive correlations were observed between levels 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, while in group B there were no such associations. After taking a loading dose of cholecalciferol, the groups showed generally similar changes in the studied vitamin D metabolites: a statistically significant increase in 25(OH)D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, a decrease in 25(OH)D2, and a ratio of 24,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. However, the level of 24,25(OH)2D3 did not change in group B, with a significant increase in group A. The medians of the studied biochemical parameters in blood/urine, as well as PTH, remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusion: In patients with inadequate baseline levels of 25(OH)D, after a loading dose of cholecalciferol, there is a tendency to formation of more inactive forms of vitamin D. These deviations in the metabolism of vitamin D need to be clarified, since they can potentially affect the effectiveness of cholecalciferol therapy.

scholarly journals Study on Number of Purkinje Cell of Cerebellum in Bangladeshi Cadaver

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
AQM Ataul Haque ◽  
Mohsin Khalil ◽  
Seheli Zannat Sultana ◽  
Sabina Mannan ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group B ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

This cross sectional descriptive study was performed by examining 30 (thirty) relatively fresh cerebellum of Bangladeshi cadaver of both sexes and samples were collected by using nonprobability sampling technique. Out of them 20 postmortem human cerebellum collected from Bangladeshi cadavers of both sexes (male 10 and female 10) age ranging from 5 to 60 years and 10 cerebellums from caesarian section of dead fetuses of both sexes (male 6 and female 4) age ranging from 34 wks to 41 wks. Specimen containing cerebellum was collected from dead bodies autopsied on different dates from April’2009 to September’2009 at the autopsy laboratory of department of Forensic Medicine and Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. The collected sample was grouped in to three age groups like Group A (34 to 41 weeks of gestation), Group B (5 to 30 years) and Group C (31 to 60 years) and two sex groups (male and female). 10 cerebellums were studied from each age group for this histological study. Sections were processed following standard histological procedure and were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Slides were examined under 15X40 magnification for counting the number of Purkinje cell. In this study, the mean difference of number of Purkinje cell between age Groups A&C was statistically highly significant (p<0.001) but difference between Groups A&B and B&C statistically was not significant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14181 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 39-42

scholarly journals The effects of crude extract of Amaranthus hybridus (000059604) on reproductive parameters of the male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
M. O. Oyeyemi ◽  
V. B. Adedeji ◽  
A. M. Bankole
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Studies on Amaranthus hybridus (AH) have established its antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effects of AH on some reproductive parameters of forty-five sexually matured Albino rats (Wistar Strain) males. Amaranthus hybridus has been reported to have several protective and curative properties attributed majorly to strong antioxidant activity. They were randomly grouped into 3 with each group consisting of 15 rats. Group A received (per Os) Amaranthus hybridus (50mg/kg body weight) and group B had Amaranthus hybridus (100mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Group C (control) received distilled water for 7 days. Blood and semen samples were collected for analyses on day 1,8,15 and 22 post-treatments. The results showed that the sperm motility of group B in day 1, (2.00± 2.00%) rat was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that of group C (26.00 ± 7.97%), whereas it was greatly improved in Group B (85.00 ± 4.47%) and Group A (60.00 ±4.47%) at the day 22 posttreatment. Livability of sperm cells were significantly higher (p < 0.5 0) in Group A (96.20±0.73%) and Group B (96.20±0.73%) compared to Group C (96.80±1.64%) at day 22 post-treatment. The histology of the testis of control and all treatment groups revealed normal testicular germinal epithelium full of viable spermatogenic cells. It is, therefore, concluded that Amaranthus hybridus extract given orally at 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg body weight, did not affect the normal cytoarchitecture of the testis and epididymis and can increase sperm production.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ocimum basilicum Against Atrophic Changes in Graafian Follicles in Cyclophosphamide Induced Ovarian Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Saba Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Natural Herb

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in cancer patients that has antifertility effects on female gonads. Ocimum basilicum is a natural herb rich in polyphenols and is known to improve fertility. Aims & Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the role of natural herb, Ocimum basilicum extract, as a preventive agent against ovarian follicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was 8 months. Material & Methods: 45 female albino rats were divided equally in control group A, experimental group B and group C each contained 15 rats. Group A rats received single dose of 150 mg/kg normal saline intraperitoneally on 8th day of experiment, while group B was given single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. Group C rats were pretreated with methanolic basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds extract for 7 days followed by single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. All the rats were dissected 48 hours after the last dose. Results: Graafian follicles were atrophied showing atretic granulosa cells in group B when compared with control group A with p value <0.001. However, significant improvement in status of Graafian follicles was observed in group C, when compared with group B with p value <0.025. Conclusion: This study depicts that basil seeds extract can prevent the cellular toxicity in Graafian follicles caused by cyclophosphamide treatment. So the use of basil seeds during chemotherapy can significantly limit its toxic effects on Graafian follicles.

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