Slowing the Body slows down Time (Perception)

Interval timing is a fundamental component of action, and is susceptible to motor-related temporal distortions. Previous studies have shown that concurrent movement biases temporal estimates, but have primarily considered self-modulated movement only. However, real-world encounters often include situations in which movement is restricted or perturbed by environmental factors. In the following experiments, we introduced viscous movement environments to externally modulate movement and investigated the resulting effects on temporal perception. In two separate tasks, participants timed auditory intervals while moving a robotic arm that randomly applied four levels of viscosity. Results demonstrated that higher viscosity led to shorter perceived durations. Using a drift-diffusion model and a Bayesian observer model, we confirmed these biasing effects arose from perceptual mechanisms, instead of biases in decision making. These findings suggest that environmental perturbations are an important factor in movement-related temporal distortions, and enhance the current understanding of the interactions of motor activity and cognitive processes.

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Slowing the Body slows down Time (Perception)

10.1101/2020.10.26.355396 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rose De Kock ◽

Weiwei Zhou ◽

Wilsaan Mychal Joiner ◽

Martin Wiener

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

The Body ◽

Robotic Arm ◽

Temporal Perception ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

Environmental Perturbations ◽

Observer Model ◽

Four Levels ◽

Biasing Effects

AbstractInterval timing is a fundamental component action, and is susceptible to motor-related temporal distortions. Previous studies have shown that movement biases temporal estimates, but have primarily considered self-modulated movement only. However, real-world encounters often include situations in which movement is restricted or perturbed by environmental factors. In the following experiments, we introduced viscous movement environments to externally modulate movement and investigated the resulting effects on temporal perception. In two separate tasks, participants timed auditory intervals while moving a robotic arm that randomly applied four levels of viscosity. Results demonstrated that higher viscosity led to shorter perceived durations. Using a drift-diffusion model and a Bayesian observer model, we confirmed these biasing effects arose from perceptual mechanisms, instead of biases in decision making. These findings suggest that environmental perturbations are an important factor in movement-related temporal distortions, and enhance the current understanding of the interactions of motor activity and cognitive processes.

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Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191120962317 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107319112096231

Author(s):

Elad Omer ◽

Tomer Elbaum ◽

Yoram Braw

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Diffusion Model ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

Choice Performance ◽

Feigned Cognitive Impairment

Forced-choice performance validity tests are routinely used for the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. The drift diffusion model deconstructs performance into distinct cognitive processes using accuracy and response time measures. It thereby offers a unique approach for gaining insight into examinees’ speed-accuracy trade-offs and the cognitive processes that underlie their performance. The current study is the first to perform such analyses using a well-established forced-choice performance validity test. To achieve this aim, archival data of healthy participants, either simulating cognitive impairment in the Word Memory Test or performing it to the best of their ability, were analyzed using the EZ-diffusion model ( N = 198). The groups differed in the three model parameters, with drift rate emerging as the best predictor of group membership. These findings provide initial evidence for the usefulness of the drift diffusion model in clarifying the cognitive processes underlying feigned cognitive impairment and encourage further research.

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Advancing Research on Cognitive Processes in Social and Personality Psychology

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550617703174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 413-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

David J. Johnson ◽

Christopher J. Hopwood ◽

Joseph Cesario ◽

Timothy J. Pleskac

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Formal Model ◽

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Personality Research ◽

First Person Shooter

We provide a primer on a hierarchical extension of the drift diffusion model (DDM). This formal model of decisions is frequently used in the cognitive sciences but infrequently used in social and personality research. Recent advances in model estimation have overcome issues that previously made the hierarchical DDM impractical to implement. Using examples from two paradigms, the first-person shooter task and the flash gambling task, we demonstrate that the hierarchical DDM can provide novel insights into cognitive processes underlying decisions. Finally, we compare the DDM to dual-process models of decision-making. We hope this primer will provide researchers a new tool for investigating psychological processes.

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The Concept of Animals in Balinese Proverbs

International Journal of Linguistics Literature and Culture ◽

10.21744/ijllc.v3i1.371 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

I Wayan Budiarta ◽

Ni Wayan Kasni

Keyword(s):

Short Story ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Syntactic Structure ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Characteristic ◽

Speech Community ◽

Target Domain ◽

Source Domain ◽

Mapping Process

This research is aimed to figure out the syntactic structure of Balinese proverbs, the relation of meaning between the name of the animals and the meaning of the proverbs, and how the meanings are constructed in logical dimension. This research belongs to a qualitative as the data of this research are qualitative data which taken from a book entitled Basita Paribahasa written by Simpen (1993) and a book of Balinese short story written by Sewamara (1977). The analysis shows that the use of concept of animals in Balinese proverbs reveal similar characteristics, whether their form, their nature, and their condition. Moreover, the cognitive processes which happen in resulting the proverb is by conceptualizing the experience which is felt by the body, the nature, and the characteristic which owned by the target with the purpose of describing event or experience by the speech community of Balinese. Analogically, the similarity of characteristic in the form of shape of source domain can be proved visually, while the characteristic of the nature and the condition can be proved through bodily and empirical experiences. Ecolinguistics parameters are used to construct of Balinese proverbs which happen due to cross mapping process. It is caused by the presence of close characteristic or biological characteristic which is owned by the source domain and target domain, especially between Balinese with animal which then are verbally recorded and further patterned in ideological, biological, and sociological dimensions.

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Evidence toward the potential absence of relationship between temporal and spatial heartbeats perception

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90334-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Betka Sophie ◽

Łukowska Marta ◽

Silva Marta ◽

King Joshua ◽

Garfinkel Sarah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Statistics ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Discrimination Task ◽

Spatial Perception ◽

The Body ◽

Temporal Perception ◽

Heartbeat Perception ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Spatial Domains ◽

Temporal And Spatial

AbstractMany interoceptive tasks (i.e. measuring the sensitivity to bodily signals) are based upon heartbeats perception. However, the temporal perception of heartbeats—when heartbeats are felt—varies among individuals. Moreover, the spatial perception of heartbeats—where on the body heartbeats are felt—has not been characterized in relation to temporal. This study used a multi-interval heartbeat discrimination task in which participants judged the timing of their own heartbeats in relation to external tones. The perception of heartbeats in both time and spatial domains, and relationship between these domains was investigated. Heartbeat perception occurred on average ~ 250 ms after the ECG R-wave, most frequently sampled from the left part of the chest. Participants’ confidence in discriminating the timing of heartbeats from external tones was maximal at 0 ms (tone played at R-wave). Higher confidence was related to reduced dispersion of sampling locations, but Bayesian statistics indicated the absence of relationship between temporal and spatial heartbeats perception. Finally, the spatial precision of heartbeat perception was related to state-anxiety scores, yet largely independent of cardiovascular parameters. This investigation of heartbeat perception provides fresh insights concerning interoceptive signals that contribute to emotion, cognition and behaviour.

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Flexible categorization in perceptual decision making

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21501-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Genís Prat-Ortega ◽

Klaus Wimmer ◽

Alex Roxin ◽

Jaime de la Rocha

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Network Models ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

Perceptual Decision ◽

Attractor Dynamics ◽

Attractor Model ◽

Sensory Evidence ◽

Winner Take All

AbstractPerceptual decisions rely on accumulating sensory evidence. This computation has been studied using either drift diffusion models or neurobiological network models exhibiting winner-take-all attractor dynamics. Although both models can account for a large amount of data, it remains unclear whether their dynamics are qualitatively equivalent. Here we show that in the attractor model, but not in the drift diffusion model, an increase in the stimulus fluctuations or the stimulus duration promotes transitions between decision states. The increase in the number of transitions leads to a crossover between weighting mostly early evidence (primacy) to weighting late evidence (recency), a prediction we validate with psychophysical data. Between these two limiting cases, we found a novel flexible categorization regime, in which fluctuations can reverse initially-incorrect categorizations. This reversal asymmetry results in a non-monotonic psychometric curve, a distinctive feature of the attractor model. Our findings point to correcting decision reversals as an important feature of perceptual decision making.

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Informing cognitive abstractions through neuroimaging: The neural drift diffusion model.

Psychological Review ◽

10.1037/a0038894 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 312-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Brandon M. Turner ◽

Leendert van Maanen ◽

Birte U. Forstmann

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion

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Incorporating photon recycling into the analytical drift-diffusion model of high efficiency solar cells

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.4902320 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 116 (19) ◽

pp. 194504 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Matthew P. Lumb ◽

Myles A. Steiner ◽

John F. Geisz ◽

Robert J. Walters

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Diffusion Model ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

High Efficiency Solar Cells ◽

Photon Recycling

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A Discretization Scheme for a Quasi-Hydrodynamic Semiconductor Model

Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences ◽

10.1142/s0218202597000475 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 07 (07) ◽

pp. 935-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ansgar Jüngel ◽

Paola Pietra

Keyword(s):

Finite Elements ◽

Mixed Finite Elements ◽

Exponential Fitting ◽

Discretization Scheme ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

Current Conservation ◽

Numerical Tests ◽

Finite Elements Methods ◽

Degenerate Type

A discretization scheme based on exponential fitting mixed finite elements is developed for the quasi-hydrodynamic (or nonlinear drift–diffusion) model for semiconductors. The diffusion terms are nonlinear and of degenerate type. The presented two-dimensional scheme maintains the good features already shown by the mixed finite elements methods in the discretization of the standard isothermal drift–diffusion equations (mainly, current conservation and good approximation of sharp shapes). Moreover, it deals with the possible formation of vacuum sets. Several numerical tests show the robustness of the method and illustrate the most important novelties of the model.

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Speed, Accuracy, and the Optimal Timing of Choices

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.20150742 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (12) ◽

pp. 3651-3684 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Drew Fudenberg ◽

Philipp Strack ◽

Tomasz Strzalecki

Keyword(s):

Sequential Sampling ◽

Decision Time ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Drift Diffusion Model ◽

Drift Diffusion ◽

Prior Beliefs ◽

Constant Cost ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Decision Times ◽

Choice Probabilities

We model the joint distribution of choice probabilities and decision times in binary decisions as the solution to a problem of optimal sequential sampling, where the agent is uncertain of the utility of each action and pays a constant cost per unit time for gathering information. We show that choices are more likely to be correct when the agent chooses to decide quickly, provided the agent’s prior beliefs are correct. This better matches the observed correlation between decision time and choice probability than does the classical drift-diffusion model (DDM), where the agent knows the utility difference between the choices. (JEL C41, D11, D12, D83)

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