scholarly journals Consequences of the Chernobyl accident for reindeer husbandry in Sweden

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaf Åhman ◽  
Birgitta Åhman ◽  
Axel Rydberg
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Level ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Chernobyl Fallout ◽  
Current Limit ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Nuclear Weapon Tests

Large parts of the reindeer hearding area in Sweden were contaminated with radioactive caesium from the Chernobyl fallout. During the first year after the accident no food with activity concentrations exceeding 300 Bq/kg was allowed to be sold in Sweden. This meant that about 75% of all reindeer meat produced in Sweden during the autumn and winter 1986/87 were rejected because of too high caesium activités. In May 1987 the maximum level for Cs-137 in reindeer, game and fresh-water fish was raised to 1500 Bq/kg. During the last two year, 1987/88 and 1988/89, about 25% of the slaughtered reindeer has had activities exceeding this limit. The effective long-time halflife or radiocaesium in reindeer after the nuclear weapon tests in the sixties was about 7 years. If this halflife is correct also for the Chernobyl fallout it will take about 35 years before most of the reinder in Sweden are below the current limit 1500 Bq/kg in the winter. However, by feeding the animals uncontaminated food for about two months, many reindeer can be saved for human consumption.

Public health implications of waste water reuse for fish production

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-S. Easa ◽  
M. M. Shereif ◽  
A. I. Shaaban ◽  
K. H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treated Effluent

Public health and safety concerns have traditionally been the main reasons for resisting waste water reuse for fish farming. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the waste is sufficiently treated before reuse. In a full scale demonstration study in Suez, Egypt, about 400 m3/d of raw sewage were treated using a multi-compartment stabilization pond system, for a total residence time from 21-26 days. The treated effluent conformed to WHO guidelines and was used for rearing two types of local fish (tilapia and gray mullet). The produced fish were subjected to an extensive monitoring program. Bacteriological examination revealed that in all samples the fish muscles were free of bacterial contaminants. Nevertheless, low levels of Escherichia coli andAeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from the surface of the fish. Salmonellae, shigellae and staphylococcus aureus were absent from the surface of all the fish sampled. In addition, toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) were found to be at much lower levels than the international advisory limits for human consumption. It is concluded that fish reared in the treated effluent at Suez Experimental Station is (a) suitable for marketing for human consumption, and (b) it's quality is equal or better than fresh water fish in Egypt.

scholarly journals Growth and mortality of black bass, Micropterus salmoides (Pisces, Centrachidae; Lacapède, 1802) in a reservoir in southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. Schulz ◽  
M. E. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

The black bass, Micropterus salmoides, was introduced to Brazil from North America in 1922. Since then the species has been reared in aquaculture facilities intended to stock reservoirs as additions to native stocks available for angling. At present no scientific information on the biology of black bass in Brazilian waters is available. Since black bass dispersion may cause severe impacts on native Brazilian fish fauna, information on the basic biological parameters of this species is necessary. The objective of the present study is to provide information on the growth, age structure, and mortality of the species in a small reservoir in southern Brazil, where the species reproduces regularly. Based on scale readings, the von Bertalanffy growth curve was calculated and compared to the length-frequency distribution of the population. Both methods showed similar results. Maximum length was about 44 cm. The mean length at the end of the first year was 23.1 cm (s.d. = 13.88); at that of the second, 37.3 cm (s.d. = 12.52); and 41.4 cm (s.d. = 9.92) at the third. Oldest fish were three years old. The growth performance index ø' was 3.28 cm year-1. Mortality increased from 0.16 year-1 between the first and the second cohort, to 0.8 year-1 between the second and third. The results show that black bass in Brazil grows faster than in its area of origin, but longevity is shorter and body shape, stouter. The cause of high mortality at a relatively early age may be connected with the loss of genetic diversity due to inbreeding of the Brazilian stocks, which originated from few introduced individuals a long time ago. The fact that black bass reproduces in reservoirs and grows rapidly may be considered a threat to conserving fish diversity in Brazilian ecosystems.

Trace Element Concentrations in Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Gulf of Trieste, Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZLATKA BAJC ◽  
ANDREJ KIRBIŠ
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Inductively Coupled

ABSTRACT The concentrations of the trace elements zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and iron (Fe) were examined in Mediterranean blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Northern Adriatic Sea to determine whether there were site differences and seasonal variations in metal concentrations and to evaluate the potential health risks of consumption of these mussels to humans. Mussels were collected between January and October 2015 from three Slovenian shellfish harvesting areas and from a lighthouse near Debeli Rtič. The concentrations of elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The amount of each element decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > (As, Mn) > (Cu, Cr) > (Ni, Co) > (Cd, Pb) > Hg. Statistical analysis revealed that time, that is, the month of sampling, significantly affected the concentrations of elements in mussels (P < 0.05). The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Hg, and Pb were highest between January and March and lowest between May and September. The concentrations of other elements in mussels were not higher or lower for several consecutive months, but occasionally (some months) lower or higher content was detected. The sampling site had a statistically significant effect only on the content of Cd, Pb, and Hg in mussels (P < 0.05). The lowest level of these elements was found in mussels from Seča, and the highest levels of Hg and Pb were found in mussels from Debeli Rtič. Debeli Rtič is, among all sampling points, closest to the outflow of the Soča River that brings heavy metals into the Northern Adriatic Sea from a closed Hg mine. Because the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg in all analyzed samples were below the maximum level permitted by Commission Regulation No 1881/2006, mussels were suitable for human consumption.

scholarly journals TRITIUM - A Quasi Real-Time Low Activity Tritium Monitor for Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
C.D.R. Azevedo ◽  
A. Baeza ◽  
M. Brás ◽  
T. Cámara ◽  
C. Cerna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Council Directive

Tritium is released abundantly to the environment by nuclear power plants (NPP), as a product of neutron capture by hydrogen and deuterium. In normal running conditions, released cooling waters may contain levels of tritium close to or even larger than the maximum authorised limit for human consumption (drinking and irrigation). The European Council Directive 2013/51/Euratom requires a maximum level of tritium in water for human consumption lower than 100 Bq=L. Current monitoring of tritium activity in water by liquid scintillating method takes about two days and can only be carried out in a dedicated laboratory. This system is not appropriate for real time monitoring. At present, there exists no available detector device with enough sensitivity to monitor waters for human consumption with high enough sensitivity. The goal of the TRITIUM project is to build a tritium monitor capable to measure tritium activities with detection limit close to 100Bq=L, using instrumentation technique developed in recent years for Nuclear and Particle Physics, such as scintillating fibres and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). In this paper the current status of the TRITIUM project is presented and he results of first prototypes are discussed. A detector system based on scintillating fibers read out either photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays is under development and will be installed in the vicinity of Almaraz nuclear power plant (Cáceres, Spain) by the fourth term of 2019.

A Statistical Examination of Anisakis Larvae (Nematoda) in Herring (Clupea pallasi) of the British Columbia Coast

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. M. Bishop ◽  
Leo Margolis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
The West ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
First Year Of Life

The presence of larval Anisakis in British Columbia herring was examined during the winter fisheries of 1950–51 and 1951–52. In the commercial catches in the Strait of Georgia the incidence was found to be between 80 and 90%. In Hecate Strait, on the west coast of Vancouver Island and in the mainland coastal area of Queen Charlotte Sound it was between 90 and 100%. The intensity of infection varied greatly in different fishing areas (i.e. in different herring populations). Generally, the maximum level of infection occurred in the Queen Charlotte Sound coastal regions, and decreased both north and south of this area. Fish on the west coast of Vancouver Island were more heavily infected than those on the east coast (Strait of Georgia). The level of infection increased with age, I-year fish (i.e. fish in their first year of life) being uninfected. The intensity of infection remained constant throughout the winter for any particular age and area and was the same for both sexes. In most areas the level of infection was a little lower in 1951–52 than in 1950–51.

The response of Anisakis larvae to freezing

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Wharton ◽  
O. Aalders
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Recrystallization Inhibition ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Inoculative Freezing

AbstractAnisakis third stage larvae utilize a variety of fish as intermediate hosts. Uncooked fish are rendered safe for human consumption by freezing. Larvae freeze by inoculative freezing from the surrounding medium but can survive freezing at temperatures down to -10°C. This ability may be aided by the production of trehalose, which can act as a cryoprotectant, but does not involve recrystallization inhibition. Monitoring of fish freezing in commercial blast freezers and under conditions which simulate those of a domestic freezer, indicate that it can take a long time for all parts of the fish to reach a temperature that will kill the larvae. This, and the moderate freezing tolerance of larvae, emphasizes the need for fish to be frozen at a low enough temperature and for a sufficient time to ensure that fish are safe for consumption.

PROBLEMS OF SURFACE MINING MACHINES DIAGNOSIS AFTER LONG TIME OF OPERATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Jerzy CZMOCHOWSKI ◽  
Grzegorz PRZYBYŁEK ◽  
Eugeniusz RUSIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Surface Mining ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Mining Machinery ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Of Operation

Due to frequent breakdowns of surface mining machinery, it is necessary to constantly control and diagnose it. A number of such machines were produced in the sixties or even the eighties. The methodology of evaluating the technical condition of load-carrying structures was presented. The procedure of a complete numerical and experimental diagnosis was shown on the basis of a bucket wheel excavator.

Diet and condition of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in Nova Scotia during autumn and winter

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Matlack ◽  
Alison J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Hare Population

A study was conducted from 1980 to 1982 on the diet and condition of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in the province of Nova Scotia. Skinned carcasses were provided by trappers, hunters, fur buyers, and taxidermists. The autumn–winter diet was determined from analysis of 1099 stomachs. Canine teeth were sectioned and aged to group the bobcats into three age-classes: juvenile, yearling, and adult. Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus, occurred most frequently as a prey item, followed by white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virgìnianus, and small mammals. The mean weights of hare and deer consumed per feeding were similar. Male bobcats consumed deer more frequently and in larger quantities than did females. Adults consumed deer more frequently and in larger quantities than did juveniles. Bobcats harvested in the first year of the study (1980–1981) consumed deer more frequently than did those harvested in the second year (1981–1982), while hare population levels were found to be lower in the first year than in the second. A condition index was developed by dividing the sum of the weights of mesenteric, kidney, and sternum fat by the weight of the skinned carcass. The groups (males, adults, and specimens harvested in 1980–1981) that more frequently consumed deer were found to be in the best condition.

scholarly journals ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR NABIRE DAN KONDISI NABIRE PASCA GEMPA

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
C. Sri Gayatri ◽  
L.M.F. Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Inappropriate Choice ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The natural disaster in Nabire in February 2004 and November 2004 has left a noumerous effects on buildings. Many buildings have destroyed because of the terrifying effect of natural disaster which caused a big loss both for material and for the human safety. However, the misapplication of construction and inappropriate choice of material almost cause the terrible damage. After the natural disaster passed, the only left is mostly on the long time needed to build the buildings for people who suffer from the disaster. Because of this problem above, many people usually stay in uncomfortable places such a tend, and this condition creates social and health problems. Concerning the problem above, it is needed to create the "quick built house" which is hopefully can be accepted by the community to cope with the terrifying effect of the natural disaster.In the first year of this research, the data concerning traditional architecture and vernacular architecture in Nabire will be collected. This step will be done in order to understand more detail about all the problem faced and identified all the potential aspects which can be developed to build house for people. The deepest study of vernacular architecture is expected not only to make the house close to the uniqueness of the local activities and culture, but also to make it understandable and built easily by the people/community, because its construction and architecture have become part of their life. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Pada saat bencana alam di Nabire yang terjadi Februari 2004 dan November 2004, banyak bangunan roboh dan rusak. Kerugian sangat besar dan mengakibatkan kerugian baik material maupun keselamatan manusia. Kerusakan yang parah sering diakibatkan oleh salahnya penerapan konstruksi dan salah dalam pemilihan bahan bangunan. Sementara itu pasca bencana, menyisakan kesulitan berupa lamanya membangun bangunan penampungan korban bencana, sehingga seringkali korban bencana hanya ditampung di tenda saja. Akibatnya muncul masalah sosial dan kesehatan. Bangunan yang roboh juga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk dibangun kembali. Hal ini mendorong pemikiran untuk mengembangkan rumah cepat bangun yang dapat diterima masyarakat, pada saat bencana telah berlalu. Pada penelitian tahun I ini, dilakukan pengumpulan data tentang arsitektur tradisional dan arsitektur vernakular di Nabire, untuk memahami secara lebih dekat segala permasalahan yang harus dihadapi dan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk membangun rumah Rakyat. Penggalian arsitektur vernakular, diharapkan tidak hanya mendekatkan rumah tinggal yang akan dibangun kembali nantinya, sesuai dengan segala aktifitas dan budaya masyarakat setempat, namun juga untuk lebih mudah dipahami dan mudah dikerjakan sendiri oleh masyarakat, karena bentuk konstruksi dan arsitekturnya sudah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan mereka. Kata kunci: arsitektur tradisonal, vernakular arsitektur, gempa di Nabire.

scholarly journals GeoGebraAs a Tool to Enhance Student Ability in Calculus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Yuni Arini ◽  
Nuriana Rachmani Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mathematics Skills ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Realistic Image ◽  
Compulsory Subject ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Manual Calculation

ThispaperdescribedtheuseofGeoGebrasoftwaretohelpstudentsinunderstanding Calculus material and its applications. GeoGebra is already used by more than 100 million students around the world. GeoGebra has the ability to minimize the difficulties of students who get Calculus subjects, especially students majoring in Natural Sciences and Engineering because this subject becomes a compulsory subject and a fundamental foundation in mathematics and its application across multidisciplinary fields such as medical, social sciences, psychology, and economics. Usually, the calculus course is given to first-year university students as the foundation for next course requirement. However, the manual calculation in Calculus sometimes takes a long time as it requires mathematics skills to solve the problem. Therefore, the advantagesofusingGeoGebraare(a)helpingtoconveytheCalculusconceptmaterial to be more interesting, especially for the delivery of material concepts of functions, limits, derivatives, and integrals, (b) providing a more realistic image, especially for more complex calculus material, and (c) providing a faster and accurate solution.

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