scholarly journals Challenges for establishing a modern reindeer dairy industry (In Norwegian with Summary in English)

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallvard Gjøstein ◽  
Knut Maristuen ◽  
Olaf Ødegaard ◽  
Asgrim Opdal ◽  
Øystein Holand
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Wooden Stick ◽  
And Training ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Group 1

To achieve efficient milk ejection has been a recurrent problem in machine milking of reindeer does. The field season 2004 was a breakthrough for an efficient and complete milk let down in reindeer. The proportion of residual milk was reduced as lactation progressed; from around 40-50% at start of the milking in mid June to around 10-15% in late August, suggesting that habituation and training are important factors for triggering the ejection. We performed an experiment including 3 treatments; 1) Calves equipped with a "kjevle" (a wooden stick placed in the mouth of the calves making them unable to suckle but keeping their grazing ability intact) for 8 - 14 hrs dependent of lactation stage, followed by milking of the does, 2) Physically separation of the mothers and their calves for 8 - 14 hrs dependent of lactation stage, followed by milking of the does and 3) Permanent separation of females and calves at start of the milking period and females milked twice per day. The females and calves in group 1 and 2 were rejoined after the "kjevle" and separation period. The females in these two groups were milked every second day. The "kjevle" treatment apparently works better than physical separ¬ation according to welfare parameters and proportion milk ejected in the first part of the milking period. Permanent separation did also work well and permits that the whole production after separation can be utilized. However, in order to keep up the milk production frequent milkings are required during the first days of separation. The growth of the calves was high and did not differ between treatments. This suggests that the calves are able to compensate the reduced milk intake by increasing their intake of forages.

Effect of stimulation intensity on oxytocin release before, during and after machine milking

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weiss ◽  
Alen Dzidic ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Stimulation Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

Release of oxytocin (OT) is essential for milk ejection in dairy cows (Lefcourt & Akers, 1983; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1998). During milk ejection, alveolar milk is shifted into the cistern, which causes an increase of intracisternal pressure (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). To initiate maximum milk ejection at the start of milking, increasing OT concentration beyond a threshold level is sufficient (Schams et al. 1983). Increasing OT concentration beyond this threshold has no additional effect on intracisternal pressure, i.e., milk ejection (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). Stimulatory effects of milking by hand or by machine or by suckling are well documented (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995; Tancin et al. 1995; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). At the start of milking, stimulatory effects of machine milking without pre-stimulation or with a manual pre-stimulation and subsequent machine milking cause the release of comparable amounts of OT (Gorewit & Gassman, 1985; Mayer et al. 1985; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996), whereas the timing of the applied pre-stimulation is important for the shape of the milk flow curve. Should the pre-stimulation period be too short, or absent altogether, the start of the main milk flow is delayed resulting in a bimodal milk flow profile (Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). Furthermore, the stimulation of only one teat causes an OT release similar to that caused by stimulation of all four teats (Bruckmaier et al. 2001). However, milk production is greater for hand milking or suckling than for machine milking, possibly owing to higher OT concentrations (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995).

Physiology of lactation and machine milking in dromedary she-camel

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kaskous
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Milking Machine

Dromedary camels have the capability and the genetic potential to achieve high levels of milk production. However, systematic breeding programs to increase milk production are not common in this species. Dromedary camels are not well adapted to machine milking. Milk removal obviously requires in most farms a pre-stimulation through calf suckling before the milking machine can completely harvest the stored milk. In camels, most of the milk is stored in the alveolar compartment (>90-95%) of the udder. Therefore, almost no milk can be obtained in the absence of milk ejection. In addition, the morphological, anatomical and physiological properties of the camel udder are complex and not fully understood. Because of all biological and economical limitations related to machine milking dromedary camels are mostly hand-milked. The introduction of machine milking makes only slow progress and is limited to intensive dairy camel farms in a few countries. Machine milking of dromedary camels showed so far acceptable results. However, some studies clearly showed that udder emptying by machine milking with the available equipment is not satisfactory. The amount of residual milk after machine milking is high and was up to 30 % or even more of the stored milk in some studies. This means that the used machine needs to be improved to fit the camel's udder. Nevertheless, some studies clearly showed that a major proportion of dromedary camels have a suitable machine milking ability.

The Influence of Natural and Industrial Factors on the Efficiency of the Dairy Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Vadim Kitikov ◽  
Wacław Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA comparative analysis of milk production in Poland and Belarus was carried out. The basic tendencies of modern development of the dairy industry and offered upcoming trends of innovative modernization of milk production processes were analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of trends in the global production of milk and new scientific knowledge on the biosynthesis of milk, a conceptual approach to the design of equipment for machine milking, is provided, considered the relationship of technical and physiological parameters.

Oxytocin and cortisol release during suckling, hand-milking and machine milking in camels

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marwa Brahmi ◽  
Moufida Atigui ◽  
Ihmen Hammadi ◽  
Jacques Portanguen ◽  
Mohamed Hammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Physiological Consequence ◽  
Peak Release ◽  
Cortisol Release ◽  
Concentration Patterns

Abstract This research paper addresses the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) could be released during suckling and during milking with and without the presence of a calf and that this release could be regulated by maternal behaviour. Plasma concentration patterns of OT and cortisol (CORT) were measured in six Tunisian dromedary camels during 2 suckling episodes, 2 manual milking episodes with calves beside the mother and 2 machine milking episodes without calves present. Various patterns of OT release were observed between each camel including specific two peak release patterns. Higher plasma OT concentrations were found during the suckling and hand-milking episodes with simultaneous suckling of calves, than during the machine milking episodes without calves. Exclusive mechanical milking episodes also evoked significant mean OT release, although greatly reduced compared to suckling and hand milking. The low basal levels and classical CORT release patterns suggested non-stressful management practices were used and there were very limited differences in udder stimulation between managements. The OT release induced by exclusive suckling and suckling together with hand-milking gives a reference point for what a good milk ejection stimulation is in camels. The important and specific reduction of OT release during machine milking without the calf present could be a physiological consequence of the maternal behaviour (selectivity for the own young) and to a lesser extent explained by a lower stimulation by machine milking.

The National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinfield, Reading

1951 ◽  
Vol 205 (1083) ◽  
pp. 453-467
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
A Value ◽  
Condensed Milk ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Dairy Equipment ◽  
Turn Over

The dairy industry in the United Kingdom to-day is of a size which few, even of those working in the industry, fully realize. In this industry one must include milk production on the farm, the handling, processing and distribution of liquid milk, the manufacture of milk products such as butter, cheese, dried and condensed milk, the manufacture and distribution of feeding stuffs for dairy stock, the manufacture of dairy equipment and machinery and other minor ancillary industries. Including the dependents of those actually engaged in milk production or utilization, approximately 5 % of the total population of this country is supported by the dairy industry. In monetary values, the present annual turn-over, in liquid milk alone, considerably exceeds £200 million. Measured in volume of liquid milk consumed per head of the population—a value more easily translatable into the coinage of national health— no less than 31 gal. of liquid milk per head were consumed on the average by every individual in this country during 1949.

YOU ARE WHAT THEY SEE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-312
Author(s):  
P. H. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Education And Training ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training ◽  
Better Than

The value judgments about medicine are contributed to by the public image. Formerly this has been one of a devoted, caring, self-sacrificing, somewhat unworldly group of people, dedicated to their work for the suffering and diseased. But the doctors are not separate from society and they are affected by its values. These have been adopted by the profession so that it is coming to be seen as no worse and no better than any other group of comparable education and training. Its status has diminished and this has called into question its compensation at a high level. Status cannot be maintained when its base has been eroded.

LACTATION PERFORMANCE OF RANGE BEEF AND DAIRY-BEEF COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH BUTSON ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

A milking experiment with range, single-suckled beef cows was conducted over two lactations in 1976 and 1977 at the University of Alberta Research Ranch. A total of 428 cows were milked, ranging from 2 to 10 yr of age and representing four breed groups of Herefords and crossbreds of traditional beef and dairy breeds. Measurements of milk were taken in June and September each year. Milk was extracted following an intrajugular injection of 20 IU of oxytocin. Samples were analyzed for butterfat percent, protein percent and lactose percent. Age and breed of dam differences in milk yields, constituent percentages and yields were assessed. Least squares means of yields pooled over the two periods each year indicated that dams with Holstein and Brown Swiss breeding (DS) yielded more milk than beef crossbreds and purebred Herefords. Average milk yields estimated over 24 h ranged from 5.7 kg/day for Herefords to 7.8 kg/day for DS dams. Compared to 2-yr olds at 100%, 3-yr olds produced 125%, 4-yr olds 136% and mature cows 139% greater yield. The difference between June and September yields was evident between breed groups. Hereford milk production exhibited the greatest decline over 87 days compared to all other crossbreds and DS were the most persistent. Mature cows maintained milk yields better than younger cows, and 2-yr old milk yields declined most noticeably. All crossbred groups produced less butterfat percent and lactose percent content than the Herefords, yet yielded more total energy. All constituent percentages were higher than those reported for commercial dairy cattle. All constituent percentages increased significantly from June to September at approximately 130 days in lactation. A significant decline was noted for all constituent yields in September. Dairy crossbreds demonstrated the highest persistency for all constituent yields. Beef Synthetic dams were intermediate in yield persistency. Average milk yields had negative (P < 0.05) correlations with average constituent percentages. Inter-correlations among constituent percentages were variable and generally small and negative. Key words: Lactation, range cows

scholarly journals PERANAN KOPERASI SEBAGAI BENTUK IMPLEMENTASI EKONOMI PANCASILA DI ERA DIGITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Wiwi Warsiati ◽  
Tiris Sudartono ◽  
Riana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
And Training ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Cooperative Governance

The role of cooperatives on the economy in Indonesia is still low due to low performance and cooperative governance not based on good cooperative governance. Cooperatives find it difficult to develop because they are unable to keep up with changes in the digital era. Pancasila economics was explored and built on the values adopted in Indonesian society which put forward the principles of humanity, nationalism, and cooperative democracy demanded to make a transformation so as not to be left behind by members and society. The Kopti cooperative consists of entrepreneurs who know tempeh has the potential to make changes because the quality of human resources is better than other cooperatives. Cooperatives must build creative and innovative characters for cooperative mobilizers through education and training. Cooperative in the digital era by implementing Information Networks, e-commerce online stores that have advantages such as Cost Savings, Potential Income, Extensive sales, Ease in targeting customers, Facilitating the process when orders increase Keywords: cooperatives, digital era

scholarly journals Analysis Of Usability In FIFA 15 and Pro Evolution Soccer (PES) 15 Using Mc Call’s Quality Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yudistira Yudistira ◽  
Ahmad Subhan Yazid ◽  
Agung Fatwanto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
User Interest ◽  
And Training ◽  
Better Than

FIFA 15 and Pro Evolution Soccer (PES) 15 are soccer games that are popular in Indonesia. Usability testing needs to be done to assess user interest and satisfaction with both and provide an overview of the comparison of them. The framework used for testing is McCall’S. The test combines operability matrix and training matrix to determine software quality. McCall’S was chosen because it has a reliable and comprehensive quality factor indicators. The results of the tests carried out were data on the operability level of PES15 games of 76.81% ± 15.76% and FIFA15 games of 70.65% ± 20.73%. Testing of training matrices produced 15.96 ± 21.74 seconds for PES15 and 78.29 ± 25.73 seconds for FIFA15 game training matrix. The data shows that reusability of PES15 is better than FIFA15.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM OF THE MILK PRODUCTION PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
V.T. Dmytriv ◽  
I.V. Dmytriv ◽  
I.M. Horodetskyy ◽  
P.P. Yatsunskyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
General View ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
Maximum Reliability ◽  
Functional Content

The basic principles of adaptation of machine milking technical system to the physiology of milk ejection of cows are considered. Main adaptation parameters and conditions of the technical system are grounded, under these parameters and conditions the self-tuning of technical system is possible. The structure of modules of adaptive cyber-physical control system of machine milking is developed, its functionalities are revealed, the method of coordination between discreteness of measurement of information and the quantization period is developed to ensure maximum reliability of the information. The memory size of the operational information about the process parameters is justified, as well as their structure and functional content. Functional content and structure of information about the technological process of the database is formulated. The general view of the main elements of the adaptive cyber-physical system of cows milking is given, as well as the results of work of the experimental adaptive cyber-physical system of the milk production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document