scholarly journals Antler possession by west Greenland female caribou in relation to population characteristics

Rangifer ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Thing ◽  
Carsten Riis Olesen ◽  
Peter Aastrup
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Summer Mortality ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Antler Development

The frequency of antlerless adult female caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) was studied in four separate populations in west Greenland. Between the herds antlerlessness varied from 21% to 79%. An inverse relationship between winter range quality and percentage of unantlered cows is demonstrated. Relationship between calf percentage and maternal antler status was studied in one population and antlerless cows showed higher reproductive rate than antlered ones. In another population antlerless cows were almost absent outside the calving area. Calves of antlerless mothers were more susceptible to diseases and had significantly higher summer mortality than other calves, 42% and 27% respectively. The relative importance of factors influencing antler development under various environmental conditons are assessed and a close relationship between antlerlessness, physical condition, lactation, and length of period between calving and midsummer is discussed.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Risks and Their Impacts on Ecological River Health in South Korea: An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6287
Author(s):  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Se-Rin Park ◽  
Yeeun Shin ◽  
Kyungjin An
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
River Health ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hierarchy Process

It is imperative to develop a methodology to identify river impairment sources, particularly the relative impact of socioeconomic sources, to enhance the efficiency of various river restoration schemes and policies and to have an internal diagnosis system in place. This study, therefore, aims to identify and analyze the relative importance of the socioeconomic factors affecting river ecosystem impairment in South Korea. To achieve this goal, we applied the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate expert judgement of the relative importance of different socioeconomic factors influencing river ecosystem impairment. Based on a list of socioeconomic factors influencing stream health, an AHP questionnaire was prepared and administered to experts in aquatic ecology. Our analysis reveals that secondary industries form the most significant source of stream ecosystem impairment. Moreover, the most critical socioeconomic factors affecting stream impairment are direct inflow pollution, policy implementation, and industrial wastewater. The results also suggest that the AHP is a rapid and robust approach to assessing the relative importance of different socioeconomic factors that affect river ecosystem health. The results can be used to assist decision makers in focusing on actions to improve river ecosystem health.

Is there a cost of parasites to caribou?

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HUGHES ◽  
S. D. ALBON ◽  
R. J. IRVINE ◽  
S. WOODIN
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
Nematode Parasites

SUMMARYMacroparasites potentially play a significant but often ignored role in the ecology and dynamics of wild ruminant populations. In the Arctic, parasites may impact on host populations by exacerbating the effects of seasonal and limited forage availability on the condition, fecundity and survival of individuals. We studied the effects of abomasal nematode parasites and warble flies, Hypoderma tarandi, on condition and pregnancy of caribou Rangifer tarandus in the Dolphin-Union herd, Nunavut, Canada. By the end of winter, female caribou over 2 years old showed a significant decrease in body weight with increasing nematode burden, and a decrease in back fat depth with increasing warble abundance. These effects were exaggerated in the non-pregnant fraction of the population. High warble larvae burdens were also associated with significantly reduced probability of being pregnant. Our research demonstrates a negative relationship between parasites and caribou condition that may have consequences for their fitness. Additionally, we discuss the possibility that muskox Ovibos moschatus share some parasite species with the caribou and could lead to elevated burdens in the sympatric host. Parasites may have been a contributory factor in a previous winter range-shift of the caribou herd and this may reflect a form of apparent competition between the two ungulate species.

Knowledge Sharing Motivation

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-200
Author(s):  
Nelly Todorova ◽  
Annette M. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Extrinsic Motivators ◽  
Reward Programs ◽  
Social Behaviours

Organisations invest heavily in knowledge management technologies and initiatives which are entirely dependent on the willingness of employees to share their knowledge. Educational and reward programs need to be informed by an understanding of what motivates people to share their knowledge at work. Prior research based on motivational theories suggests the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators to encourage voluntary pro-social behaviours such as knowledge sharing. However, the literature on motivation in the context of knowledge sharing is still emerging and fragmented. This chapter therefore proposes an integrated model that brings together theoretical insights from motivational research to explain the influence of key intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on knowledge sharing. The chapter reports the results of the assessment of the model based on data collected across 10 organisations. The discussion of results contributes to the understanding of motivational factors influencing attitude and intention to share knowledge and their relative importance.

The relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors influencing aspen recruitment in Arizona

2019 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Clement ◽  
Larisa E. Harding ◽  
Richard W. Lucas ◽  
Esther S. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Experience is Key: Examining the Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Individuals’ Water Conservation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Holland ◽  
Kristina Janét ◽  
Asheley Landrum
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Resource Managers

Conservation of our global natural resources is one of the most pressing concerns facing our international society. One of these crucial resources is water. The current study sought to understand how individual factors such as experience with water scarcity, message framing, and ideology can impact perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to water conservation. Through the utilization of an online experiment, the current findings suggest that higher levels of experience with water scarcity predict more concern, more positive credibility perceptions of water conservation messages, and a higher likelihood of conserving water in the future. Message framing, specifically gain frames, predicted more concern and more positive perceptions of message credibility, and ideology only predicted perceptions of message credibility. Implications for global communities, resource managers, and policy decision-makers are discussed.

The Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensity Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 2282-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiprasanth Bhalachandran ◽  
Ziad S. Haddad ◽  
Svetla M. Hristova‐Veleva ◽  
F. D. Marks Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Intensity Changes

Synchrony between caribou calving and plant phenology in depredated and non-depredated populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1709-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Post ◽  
Pernille Sporon Bøving ◽  
Christian Pedersen ◽  
Megan A MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
River Population ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Forage Plant ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Two Populations

Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain reproductive synchrony exhibited by many species of large herbivores: the predation hypothesis and the seasonality hypothesis. Although examples supporting both hypotheses have been presented, no study has compared the intraseasonal progression of parturition and plant phenology in depredated and non-depredated populations of large herbivores. We monitored, on a daily or near-daily basis, the progression of the caribou (Rangifer tarandus) calving seasons in two populations: the Caribou River population in Alaska, U.S.A., where predators of caribou are present and the Kangerlussuaq-Sisimiut population in West Greenland where such predators have been absent for approximately 4000 years. Simultaneously, we quantified directly the phenological progression of caribou forage plants on spatially replicated plots in both study sites. Parturition was significantly more synchronous in the West Greenland (predator-free) population than in the Alaskan (depredated) population. Progression of the calving seasons in both populations was highly synchronized to the progression of forage plant phenology, and the slopes of these relationships were statistically indistinguishable, with 50% of births having occurred when approximately 60%–70% of forage plant species were emergent. These results document clear synchronization of the timing of parturition by caribou to plant phenology, regardless of predation pressure.

Factors influencing depression endpoints research (FINDER): Study design and population characteristics

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Garcia-Cebrian ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Angel L. Montejo ◽  
Nicolas Dantchev ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Population ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Sf 36

AbstractFactors influencing outcomes of depression in clinical practice, especially health-related quality of life (HRQoL), are poorly understood. The Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study is a European prospective, observational study designed to estimate the HRQoL of adults with a clinically diagnosed depressive episode at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after commencing antidepressant medication. We report here the study design and baseline patient characteristics.HRQoL was assessed by the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Patient ratings on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were also obtained. Results (n = 3468) showed that SF-36 mental component summary (mean 22.2) was more than two SDs below general population norms (mean 50.0) and one SD below clinical depression norms (mean 34.8); the physical component summary (mean 46.1) was similar to general population (mean 50.0) and clinical depression norms (mean 45.0). Mean EQ-5D scores were also lower than general population norms. Mean HADS-Depression and -Anxiety subscores were 12.3 and 13.0, respectively. Fifty-six percent of patients reported an overall pain VAS score of at least 30 mm and 70% of these patients had no physical explanation for their pain.Further investigation into factors associated with HRQoL in depression after treatment initiation is warranted.

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