scholarly journals The Critical Situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Basbøll
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Academic Competence ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Rhetorical Situation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Academic Writer ◽  
A Performance

Academic writing is the art of writing down what you know for the purpose of discussing it with other knowledgeable people. In so far as students and scholars approach it in these terms, they often tend to focus on the role of knowledge. Students imagine that they must demonstrate what they know to their examiners (who know more than they do) and scholars imagine that they must communicate what they know to their colleagues (who don’t yet know their results). This is completely understandable since knowledge is at the core of academic work, but both scholars and students sometimes lose sight of the discussion. They think of the discourse as a performance rather than a conversation. In this paper, therefore, I will explore the formation of academic discourse and the building of academic competence in terms of the rhetorical situation (not just the epistemic resources) of academic readers and writers.  This shift of focus has some important implications. Academic writing is not merely the communication of ideas or the transmission of facts; much more importantly, it is the exposure of ideas to criticism. The academic writer is not interested in “ideas worth spreading,” to invoke the famous slogan of TED talk, but in ideas worth testing. To sharpen the point, we might say that academic writers are always writing for people who are qualified to tell them that they are wrong. As writing consultants and information specialists, we help scholars and students face this situation squarely. 

scholarly journals On the Alienation of Academic Labour and the Possibilities for Mass Intellectuality

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Richard Hall
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The Core ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Power

As one response to the secular crisis of capitalism, higher education is being proletarianised. Its academics and students, increasingly encumbered by precarious employment, debt, and new levels of performance management, are shorn of autonomy beyond the sale of their labour-power. Incrementally, the labour of those academics and students is subsumed and re-engineered for value production, and is prey to the twin processes of financialisation and marketisation. At the core of understanding the impact of these processes and their relationships to the reproduction of higher education is the alienated labour of the academic. The article examines the role of alienated labour in academic work in its relationship to the proletarianisation of the University, and relates this to feelings of hopelessness, in order to ask what might be done differently. The argument centres on the role of mass intellectuality, or socially-useful knowledge and knowing, as a potential moment for overcoming alienated labour.

scholarly journals The role of information literacy competence and higher order thinking skills to develop academic writing in Science and Engineering learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kranthi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
Rhetorical Situation ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Writing In Science

<p>The English syllabus for learners pursuing engineering courses includes teaching writing as one of the objectives. Learners who enroll for these courses are not equipped with the general writing skills that they should have mastered at the entry level. In this context, a study was organized to develop academic writing skills of the undergraduate learners who are pursuing engineering courses.  The study focused on raising awareness in the learners of the nature and characteristics of academic texts in order to develop academic writing skills. The study also emphasizes that involving the learners in the cognitive processes of writing that include defining the rhetorical problem, identifying the rhetorical situation, the audience and setting goals for writing, planning for the text by generating and organizing ideas is necessary. The study further suggests that discussions between learners and teachers regarding the construction of a text and the way language works in various text types facilitates better writing.</p>

scholarly journals The Garden of Knowledge and Virtue: A Tale of Necessity and Duty (Taman Ilmu dan Budi: Suatu Keperluan dan Kewajipan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-423
Author(s):  
Iyad Muhammad Eid ◽  
Rohaiza Rokis
Keyword(s):  
Core Values ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The Core ◽  
Critical Situation

This paper addresses the perceptions and practices of doctorate candidates at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) toward its vision of devoting educational efforts for restoring the dynamic role of the Muslim Ummah in all fields of knowledge and intellectual discourse. It investigates to what extent they possess competent research skills and foster core values such as cooperation and trust. It utilizes the qualitative research approach, using thematic analysis of data collected by semi-structured interviews. The sample is composed of ten Ph.D candidates, coming from the Middle East and Asian countries who currently study at IIUM. They are all Muslims; four females and six males. Eight candidates are the international students and two are Malaysians. Purposive sampling was implemented to select the candidates who were still pursuing their Ph.D degree at the time of conducting the study. They all came from five different kulliyyah (faculties), with two from each kulliyyah. The study showed that the Ph.D candidates’ practices did not reflect the vision of IIUM. They lacked of competent research knowledge and skills as well as the core values represented by cooperation and mutual trust, which were clearly manifested in the IIUM’s vision. The implication of this current qualitative study may bring into the realization of the existing critical situation of the Muslim Ummah. The Maqasid al-Shariah may be seen as the practical formula for IIUM to restore the core educational system for Islamic revivalism and glory. Keywords: Doctorate Students (Ph.D), Research Knowledge and Skills, IIUM Vision, Cooperation, Mutual Trust, Maqasid al-Sharia. Abstrak Makalah ini membahas persepsi dan amalan calon pelajar kedoktoran di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) terhadap visinya untuk menumpukan usaha pendidikan bagi mengembalikan peranan dinamis umat Islam dalam semua bidang pengetahuan dan wacana intelektual. Ia mengkaji sejauh mana mereka mempunyai kemahiran penyelidikan dan keupayaan memupuk nilai-nilai teras seperti kerjasama dan kepercayaan. Makalah ini menggunakan pendekatan penyelidikan kualitatif, melalui analisis bertema dari data temu ramah separa berstruktur. Sampel terdiri daripada sepuluh calon Ph.D, yang berasal dari Timur Tengah dan negara Asia yang belajar di UIAM. Mereka semua beragama Islam; empat perempuan dan enam lelaki. Lapan calon merupakan pelajar antarabangsa dan dua daripadanya adalah pelajar Malaysia. Persampelan bertujuan untuk memilih calon yang masih dalam pengajian dalam peringkat Ph.D, ketika kajian dijalankan. Mereka semua berasal dari lima kulliyyah yang berbeza, di mana dua sampel dipilih dari kulliyyah yang sama. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa amalan calon Ph.D tidak mencerminkan visi UIAM. Adalah didapati bahawa mereka kurang mempunyai pengetahuan dan kemahiran penyelidikan yang kompeten serta kurang mepunyai nilai teras seperti kerjasama dan saling mempercayai. Implikasi kajian kualitatif ini dapat mewujudkan kesedaran keadaan kritikal umat Islam masakini. Maqasid al-Sharia mungkin merupakan formula praktikal yang boleh UIAM gunapakai untuk mengembalikan sistem pendidikan teras demi kebangkitan dan kegemilangan Islam. Kata kunci: Calon kedoktoran (Ph.D), Pengetahuan dan Kemahiran Penyelidikan, Visi UIAM, Kerjasama, Saling Mempercayai, Maqasid al-Sharia.

scholarly journals On the Alienation of Academic Labour and the Possibilities for Mass Intellectuality

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hall
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The Core ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Power

As one response to the secular crisis of capitalism, higher education is being proletarianised. Its academics and students, increasingly encumbered by precarious employment, debt, and new levels of performance management, are shorn of autonomy beyond the sale of their labour-power. Incrementally, the labour of those academics and students is subsumed and re-engineered for value production, and is prey to the twin processes of financialisation and marketisation. At the core of understanding the impact of these processes and their relationships to the reproduction of higher education is the alienated labour of the academic. The article examines the role of alienated labour in academic work in its relationship to the proletarianisation of the University, and relates this to feelings of hopelessness, in order to ask what might be done differently. The argument centres on the role of mass intellectuality, or socially-useful knowledge and knowing, as a potential moment for overcoming alienated labour.

The role of academic competence in developing social competence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes Verissimo ◽  
Marina Serra de Lemos ◽  
Joao Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Academic Competence

Does a Ribosome Really Read? On the Cognitive Roots and Heuristic Value of Linguistic Metaphors in Molecular Genetics. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Suren T. Zolyan
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
The Core ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Effective Instrument

We discuss the role of linguistic metaphors as a cognitive frame for the understanding of genetic information processing. The essential similarity between language and genetic information processing has been recognized since the very beginning, and many prominent scholars have noted the possibility of considering genes and genomes as texts or languages. Most of the core terms in molecular biology are based on linguistic metaphors. The processing of genetic information is understood as some operations on text – writing, reading and editing and their specification (encoding/decoding, proofreading, transcription, translation, reading frame). The concept of gene reading can be traced from the archaic idea of the equation of Life and Nature with the Book. Thus, the genetics itself can be metaphorically represented as some operations on text (deciphering, understanding, code-breaking, transcribing, editing, etc.), which are performed by scientists. At the same time linguistic metaphors portrayed gene entities also as having the ability of reading. In the case of such “bio-reading” some essential features similar to the processes of human reading can be revealed: this is an ability to identify the biochemical sequences based on their function in an abstract system and distinguish between type and its contextual tokens of the same type. Metaphors seem to be an effective instrument for representation, as they make possible a two-dimensional description: biochemical by its experimental empirical results and textual based on the cognitive models of comprehension. In addition to their heuristic value, linguistic metaphors are based on the essential characteristics of genetic information derived from its dual nature: biochemical by its substance, textual (or quasi-textual) by its formal organization. It can be concluded that linguistic metaphors denoting biochemical objects and processes seem to be a method of description and explanation of these heterogeneous properties.

Exploring the Mechanism of Lingzhu San in Treating Febrile Seizures by Using Network Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Fei Zhang ◽  
Dong-Yan Guo ◽  
Yan-Jun Yang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
R Language ◽  
The Core ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism

Objective: Lingzhu San (LZS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription which can be effective in treating febrile seizures (FS) and has few researches on the mechanisms. In order to better guide the clinical use of LZS, we used the research ideas and methods of network pharmacology to find the potential core compounds, targets and pathways of LZS in the complex TCM system for the treatment of FS, and predict the mechanism. Materials and Methods: Databases such as BATMAN, TCMSP, TCMID, and SWISS TARGET are used to mine the active compounds and targets of LZS, and the target information of FS was obtained through GENECARDS and OMIM. Using Venny2.1.0 and Cytoscape software to locked the potential core compounds and targets of FS. The R language and ClusterProfiler software package were adopt to enrich and analyze the KEGG and GO pathways of the core targets and the biological processes and potential mechanisms of the core targets were revealed. Results: 187 active compounds and 2113 target proteins of LZS were collected. And 38 potential core compounds, 35 core targets and 775 metabolic and functional pathways were screened which involved in mediating FS. Finally, the role of the core compounds, targets and pivotal pathways of LZS regulated FS in the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanism of FS was discussed and clarified. Conclusions: In this paper, the multi-compounds, multi-targets and multi-pathways mechanism of LZS in the treatment of FS was preliminarily revealed through the analysis of network pharmacology data, which is consistent with the principle of multi-compounds compatibility of TCM prescriptions and unified treatment of diseases from multiple angles, and it provides a new way for TCM to treat complex diseases caused by multiple factors.

Acid ceramidase, a double-edged sword in cancer aggression: A minireview

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Shiphrah Vethakanraj ◽  
Niveditha Chandrasekaran ◽  
Ashok Kumar Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Acid Ceramidase ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Key Enzyme

: Acid ceramidase (AC), the key enzyme of the ceramide metabolic pathway hydrolyzes pro-apoptotic ceramide to sphingosine, which by the action of sphingosine-1-kinase is metabolized to mitogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate. The intracellular level of AC determines ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat which in turn decides the cell fate. The upregulated AC expression during cancerous condition acts as a “double-edged sword” by converting pro-apoptotic ceramide to anti-apoptotic sphingosine-1-phosphate, wherein on one end, the level of ceramide is decreased and on the other end, the level of sphingosine-1-phosphate is increased, thus altogether aggravating the cancer progression. In addition, cancer cells with upregulated AC expression exhibited increased cell proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, radioresistance and numerous strategies were developed in the past to effectively target the enzyme. Gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of AC sensitized the resistant cells to chemo/radiotherapy thereby promoting cell death. The core objective of this review is to explore AC mediated tumour progression and the potential role of AC inhibitors in various cancer cell lines/models.

The Fox Diet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Justice Department ◽  
Fox News ◽  
The Core ◽  
Deep State ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
Conservative Media ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on the role of the dominant player in conservative media, Fox News, during the first year of Donald Trump’s presidency. It looks at three case studies to illustrate how Fox News used its position at the core of the right-wing media ecosystem repeatedly to mount propaganda attacks in support of Trump: the Michael Flynn firing in March 2017, when Fox adopted the “deep state” framing of the entire controversy; the James Comey firing and Robert Mueller appointment in May 2017; when Fox propagated the Seth Rich murder conspiracy; and in October and November, when the arrests of Paul Manafort and guilty plea of Flynn seemed to mark a new level of threat to the president, Fox reframed the Uranium One story as an attack on the integrity of the FBI and Justice Department officials in charge of the investigation.

Comedy and the Athenian Ideal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstan
Keyword(s):  
American Democracy ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
The World ◽  
Hollywood Movies ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
City State ◽  
The City ◽  
New Comedy ◽  
A Performance

New Comedy was a Panhellenic phenomenon. It may be that a performance in Athens was still the acme of a comic playwright’s career, but Athens was no longer the exclusive venue of the genre. Yet Athens, or an idealized version of Athens, remained the setting or backdrop for New Comedy, whatever its provenance or intended audience. New Comedy was thus an important vehicle for the dissemination of the Athenian polis model throughout the Hellenistic world, and it was a factor in what has been termed ‘the great convergence’. The role of New Comedy in projecting an idealized image of the city-state may be compared to that of Hollywood movies in conveying a similarly romanticized, but not altogether false, conception of American democracy to populations around the world.

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