scholarly journals Microorganism identification and environmental cleaning effectiveness in radiology settings: cross-sectional and experimental studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sandrine Ding ◽  
Nicolas Weber ◽  
Anne Oppliger
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cleaning Procedure ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Total Bacteria

Introduction: Despite the large number of patients passing through and some invasive procedures, radiology may still be considered unlikely to transmit pathogens. However, radiation protection aprons touched by radiology professionals and shared between patients could be prone to contamination. Our goals were to (1) assess qualitatively and quantitatively the microorganisms present on the radiation protection aprons with a cross-sectional study, and (2) determine the effectiveness of routine cleaning with an experimental design. Methods: For objective 1, 108 samples were collected on radiation protection aprons of two radiology settings: the diagnostic radiology (DR) setting, with a cleaning procedure in place, and the emergency setting without. Total cultivable bacteria, staphylococci, enterobacteria and fungi were quantified. For purpose 2, the number of total bacteria and staphylococci were compared between before and after cleaning the aprons. Results: The median number of total bacteria were respectively 0.97 and 1.56 cfu/cm2 in the DR and emergency settings, whereas the median number of Staphylococcus were 0.04 and 0.15 cfu/cm2 in these settings (Objective 1). Thus the number of microorganisms were lower in the setting with the cleaning procedure, although significantly only for staphylococci (p = 0.025). Enterobacteria, fungi and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in any sample. In the second part of the study, the median number of total bacteria dropped from 0.80 to 0.17 cfu/cm2 between before and after cleaning (p = 0.0017) and for Staphylococcus it decreased from 0.84 to 0.15 cfu/cm2 (p = 0.13). Conclusion: A number of microorganisms have been found, although the absence of enterobacteria, fungi and S. aureus is reassuring as they can cause serious healthcare-associated infections. Our study showed that the cleaning of radiation protection aprons can significantly reduce the microbial load and should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Glycaemic Control Impact on Renal Endpoints in Diabetic Patients on Haemodialysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Danielle Creme ◽  
Kieran McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To identify the number of haemodialysis patients with diabetes in a large NHS Trust, their current glycaemic control, and the impact on other renal specific outcomes.Design. Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study.Methods. Data was collected from an electronic patient management system. Glycaemic control was assessed from HbA1c results that were then further adjusted for albumin (Alb) and haemoglobin (Hb). Interdialytic weight gains were analysed from weights recorded before and after dialysis, 2 weeks before and after the most recent HbA1c date. Amputations were identified from electronic records.Results. 39% of patients had poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 8%). Adjusted HbA1c resulted in a greater number of patients with poor control (55%). Significant correlations were found with interdialytic weight gains (P<0.02,r=0.14), predialysis sodium (P<0.0001,r=-1.9), and predialysis bicarbonate (P<0.02,r=0.12). Trends were observed with albumin and C-reactive protein. Patients with diabetes had more amputations (24 versus 2).Conclusion. Large number of diabetic patients on haemdialysis have poor glycaemic control. This may lead to higher interdialytic weight gains, larger sodium and bicarbonate shifts, increased number of amputations, and possibly increased inflammation and decreased nutritional status. Comprehensive guidelines and more accurate long-term tests for glycaemic control are needed.

scholarly journals Postmarketing studies for novel drugs approved by both the FDA and EMA between 2005 and 2010: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e018587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Zeitoun ◽  
Joseph S Ross ◽  
Ignacio Atal ◽  
Alexandre Vivot ◽  
Nicholas S Downing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Novel Drugs

ObjectivesTo characterise postmarketing studies for drugs that were newly approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency.Design and settingCross-sectional analysis of postmarketing studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov until September 2014 for all novel drugs approved by both regulators between 2005 and 2010. Regulatory documents from both agencies were used.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAll identified postmarketing studies were classified according to planned enrolment, funding, status and geographical location, and we determined whether studies studied the originally approved indication.ResultsOverall, 69 novel drugs approved between 2005 and 2010 were eligible for inclusion. A total of 6679 relevant postmarketing studies were identified; 5972 were interventional (89.4%). The median number of studies per drug was 55 (IQR 33–119) and median number of patients to be enrolled per study was 60 (IQR 28–183). Industry was the primary sponsor of 2713 studies (40.6%) and was a primary or secondary sponsor in 4176 studies (62.5%). In all, 2901 studies (43.4%) were completed, 487 (7.3%) terminated, 1013 (15.2%) active yet not recruiting, 1895 (28.4%) recruiting and 319 (4.8%) not yet recruiting. A total of 80% of studies were conducted in only one country and 84.4% took place in Europe and/or North America; 2441 (36.5%) studied another indication than the originally approved indication. Studies designed in the originally approved indication were found to be more industry-sponsored than others 68.7%vs53.7%; P<0.0001.ConclusionsPostmarketing pharmaceutical research was highly variable and predominantly located in North America and Europe. Postmarketing studies were frequently designed to study indications other than the originally approved one. Although some findings were reassuring, others question the lack of coordination of postmarketing research.

scholarly journals Prognostic factors influencing anatomical and functional outcome of Myringoplasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
KM Nurul Alam ◽  
Mohammad Idrish Ali ◽  
Md Mahmudul Huq ◽  
Md Abu Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Head Neck Surgery

Objective: To assess the rate of healing of tympanic membrane, hearing status before and after operation and determine the factors influencing surgical outcome. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of Otolaryngology & Head- Neck Surgery of SSMC & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of January, 2008 to December, 2009. A total of 60 patients was underwent myringoplasty operation and taken detailed history, clinical findings and post operative assessment. Analyzed data presented by various tables, graphs and figures. Results: The study included 60 patients of myringoplasty operation. Age of the patient was between 15-45 years. Out of 60 patients male was 60% and female was 40%. Highest number of patients was in the age group of 15-25 years. Conclusion: Hearing improvement after myringoplasty in anatomically successful cases improve quality of life of the patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.14858 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 18-23

scholarly journals Characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation programs in Latin America and the Caribbean, and estimation of capacity and needs in the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chacin ◽  
S.L Grace ◽  
C Anchique-Santos ◽  
M Supervia ◽  
K Turk-Adawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Core Components ◽  
National Capacity

Abstract Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an established model of cardiovascular (CV) prevention that has proven benefits. Availability, characteristics and need of CR programs in Latin-American and Caribbean (LAC) countries remains poorly characterized. This study aims to establish the availability, capacity, density and aspects of CR delivery in LAC. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to CR programs in 24 LAC. Local CV organizations and societies identified CR programs. Characteristics of individual CR program were reviewed including: funding sources, core components, healthcare providers, and dose (number of sessions per weeks X total number of weeks) of CR. National CR capacity (median number of patients a program could serve per year X number of programs per country), density (Ischemic Heart Disease [IHD] incidence per year/ national capacity), need (IHD incidence per year- national capacity) and occupancy (median number patients program served per year/national capacity) were computed based on survey responses. Results At least one CR program was identified per LAC country (total 255 programs across 24 countries). Data was collected in 20 of the 24 countries. Responses were received from 139/255 programs (median program response rate=55%; Table 1). Over 50% (n=73) of programs were funded by multiple sources (government, hospital/clinic, private health insurance); Self-payment was reported by 63% programs, in which 24 (33.8%) patients paid over 50% of the cost. Guideline-indicated conditions were accepted in 77% or more programs. Physiotherapists (n=106, 76.3%), cardiologists (n=105, 75.5%) and dietitians (n=79, 56.8%) were the most common healthcare providers on CR teams. Regionally, programs offered 9 (IQR = 8–10) core components (patient education, exercise prescription and initial assessment delivered by nearly all programs). Median CR was 36 (IQR = 24–56) sessions/patient. Twenty-seven (20.9%) programs offered alternative CR models (e.g., home or community-based and hybrid models). Median national capacity was 500 CR spots/country (IQR= 200–2300). Regional density was 1 CR spot per 24 incident IHD patients per year. Greatest need in absolute terms for CR was observed in Brazil, Dominican Republic and Mexico (all with &gt;150,000 spots needed per year to manage incident IHD patients; Table 1). Occupancy ranged from over 100% in Colombia to 15% in Chile (median=60%, IQR = 32%–81%), Table 1. Conclusion In LAC countries, there is very limited capacity to meet the need for CR. Nature of CR services varied regionally. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The effect of hyperthyroidism on procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1077-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bregje van Zaane ◽  
Erica Romualdi ◽  
Dees Brandjes ◽  
Victor Gerdes ◽  
Alessandro Squizzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

SummarySeveral coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters appear to be affected by thyroid hormone excess;however, the net effect on the haemostatic system remains unclear. We aimed to update our previous review and systematically summarise and meta-analyse the data by assessing the effects of thyrotoxicosis on the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in vivo. Data sources included MEDLINE (2006–2012), EMBASE (2006–2012), and reference lists. The sources were combined with our previous search containing studies from 1980–2006. Eligible studies were all observational or experimental studies. Two investigators independently extracted data and rated study quality. Weighted mean proportion and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled using a fixed and a random-effects model. A total of 29 articles consisting of 51 studies were included, as in several articles more than one study was described. We included four intervention (before and after treatment in hyperthyroid patients), five cross-sectional (hyperthyroid subjects and euthyroid controls), and four experimental (before and after use of thyroid hormone in euthyroid subjects) medium/high quality studies for meta-analysis. We found that thyrotoxicosis shifts the haemostatic balance towards a hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic state with a rise in factors VIII and IX, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. This was observed in endogenous and exogenous thyrotoxicosis, and in subclinical as well as overt hyperthyroidism. We conclude that both subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism induce a prothrombotic state, which is therefore likely to be a risk factor for venous thrombosis.

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

Impact of Michigan’s new opioid prescribing laws on spine surgery patients: analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Paul Park ◽  
Victor Chang ◽  
Hsueh-Han Yeh ◽  
Jason M. Schwalb ◽  
David R. Nerenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn 2017, Michigan passed new legislation designed to reduce opioid abuse. This study evaluated the impact of these new restrictive laws on preoperative narcotic use, short-term outcomes, and readmission rates after spinal surgery.METHODSPatient data from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of the new opioid laws (beginning July 1, 2018) were queried from the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database. Before and after implementation of the major elements of the new laws, 12,325 and 11,988 patients, respectively, were treated.RESULTSPatients before and after passage of the opioid laws had generally similar demographic and surgical characteristics. Notably, after passage of the opioid laws, the number of patients taking daily narcotics preoperatively decreased from 3783 (48.7%) to 2698 (39.7%; p < 0.0001). Three months postoperatively, there were no differences in minimum clinically important difference (56.0% vs 58.0%, p = 0.1068), numeric rating scale (NRS) score of back pain (3.5 vs 3.4, p = 0.1156), NRS score of leg pain (2.7 vs 2.7, p = 0.3595), satisfaction (84.4% vs 84.7%, p = 0.6852), or 90-day readmission rate (5.8% vs 6.2%, p = 0.3202) between groups. Although there was no difference in readmission rates, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more common (0.86% vs 1.22%, p = 0.0323).CONCLUSIONSThere was a meaningful decrease in preoperative narcotic use, but notably there was no apparent negative impact on postoperative recovery, patient satisfaction, or short-term outcomes after spinal surgery despite more restrictive opioid prescribing. Although the readmission rate did not significantly increase, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more frequently observed.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287
Author(s):  
S. Viesy ◽  
J. Abdi ◽  
Z. Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

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