“Juche, Baby, All the Way”
This chapter illustrates how the April 6 action and the ensuing fallout helped to inadvertently launch a new phase in the Black Panther Party's (BPP) internationalism, while also highlighted emerging divisions within the party. As Eldridge Cleaver and his allies embraced guerrilla warfare, Cold War-inspired alliances with foreign governments, and an increasingly doctrinaire Marxism–Leninism, rejected both state-level diplomacy and what David Hilliard dubbed “an orgy of wishful adventuristic militarism” in favor of local community service programs supplemented by informal transnational solidarity networks. Questions over the role of anticolonial violence and the nature of the party's international engagements, however, fed growing intra-party tensions that left the Panthers vulnerable to both government repression and changes in the larger Cold War landscape.