Experiments in Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shatkin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
State Planning ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

India’s postliberalization urban politics is captured well by Solomon Benjamin’s concept of ‘occupancy urbanism’, a dynamic in which varied groups deploy their power of the vote and other forms of social power to solidify claims to urban space in contravention of state planning and corporate interest. This dynamic helps to explain why few large scale planned urban developments have come to fruition, despite ambitious plans. This chapter examines the very mixed record of urban real estate megaproject development in Kolkata, paying particular attention to the strategies that the Government of West Bengal has deployed to gain control of land and push through large developments in the face of grassroots political opposition. It documents a case study of Calcutta Riverside, a project that has made some progress due in large part to the developer’s effort to allay concerns of local communities by integrating social and ecological concerns into the design of the project.

Making space for resistance: the spatiality of popular protest in the late medieval Southern Low Countries

Urban History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hannah Serneels
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Common People ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Using several cities in the late medieval Southern Low Countries as a case-study, this article deals with the relation between urban space and different forms of political protest. Urban commoners were aware of the powerful symbolism of certain places in the late medieval city and used that to their advantage during large-scale revolts. Yet the use of space was not limited to the dramatic occupations during these revolts. This article uncovers a wide range of strategies and tactics that common people used to act within given spaces to make their resistance possible. A spatial analysis of several instances of large- and smaller-scale resistance shows that space was intrinsically connected with how and when any form of resistance developed in late medieval cities. As such, the article aims to contribute to the literature on the importance of space in late medieval urban politics, in which attention to smaller-scale practices has been very limited.

scholarly journals Indicators, security and sovereignty during COVID-19 in the Global South

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
John Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global South ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe spread of COVID-19 has seen a contest over health governance and sovereignty in Global South states, with a focus on two radically distinct modes: (1) indicators and metrics and (2) securitisation. Indicators have been a vehicle for the government of states through the external imposition and internal self-application of standards and benchmarks. Securitisation refers to the calling-into-being of emergencies in the face of existential threats to the nation. This paper contextualises both historically with reference to the trajectory of Global South states in the decades after decolonisation, which saw the rise and decline of Third-World solidarity and its replacement by neoliberalism and global governance mechanisms in health, as in other sectors. The interaction between these modes and their relative prominence during COVID-19 is studied through a brief case-study of developments in Kenya during the early months of the pandemic. The paper closes with suggestions for further research and a reflection on parallel trends within Global North states.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Keuangan Pemerintah di Masa Pandemi Covid 19 (Kasus Pada Pemerintah Provinsi Riau)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Yesi Mutia Basri ◽  
Gusnardi Gusnardi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to observe how local government financial management is in the face of the Covid-19 Pandemic—in particular, observing how budgeting, administration, and accountability of the Riau Provincial Government regarding the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research method used is a qualitative method with a type of case study. The data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. To ensure the validity of the data, triangulation was carried out by carrying out source triangulation and technical triangulation. The informants in this study consisted of key informants, primary informants, and supporting informants. Key informants are the head of the budget, the head of the treasury, and the head of the accounting and reporting sub-section. While the primary informants and supporting informants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data, reducing data display data, and making conclusions. The results of the analysis show that the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic caused the Riau Provincial Government to refocus and reallocate the budget four times. At the administrative and accountability stages, there are problems with recording Unexpected Expenditures, namely the absence of technical guidelines regarding the administration of Unexpected Expenditures, determining spending limits for emergencies and urgency. Another problem is the absence of valid data for the distribution of aid funds for MSMEs affected by Covid-19 as well as valid documents in the recording of grant assistance from third parties. This research contributes to the government in making policies in financial management in a disaster emergency.Keyword: The Covid-19 Pandemic, Financial Management, Refocusing, Reallocation, Administration, Accountability AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi bagaimana pengelolaan keuangan Pemerintah Daerah dalam menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 ini. Secara khusus mengobservasi bagaimana penganggaran, penatausahaan dan pertanggungjawan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau terkait Pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara medalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Untuk meyakinkan keabsahan data, triangilasi dilakukan dengan melaksanakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Informan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari informan kunci, informan utama dan informan pendukung. Informan kunci adalah Kabid anggaran, kabid perbendaharaan dan kasubid akuntansi dan pelaporan. Sedangkan informan utama dan informan pendukung dipilih dengan teknik snowball sampling. Analisis data dilakukan  dengan tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data display data dan melakukan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau melakukan refocusing dan realokasi anggaran sebanyak empat kali pergeseran anggaran. Pada tahap penatausahaan dan pertanggungjawaban terdapat permasalahan pencatatan pada Belanja Tidak Terduga yaitu tidak adanya juknis tentang penatausahaan Belanja Tidak Terduga, penentuan batasan belanja untuk keadaan darurat dan mendesak.  Permasalahan lainnya yaitu tidak  adanya data yang valid untuk penyaluran dana  bantuan bagi UMKM yang terdampak Covid-19 serta dokumen yang valid dalam pencatatan bantuan hibah dari pihak ke tiga. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi kepada pemerintah dalam membuat kebijakan dalam pengelolaan keuangan pada keadaan darurat bencana. Kata Kunci :  Pandemi Covid-19, Pengelolaan Keungan, Refocusing, Realokasi, Penatausahaan, Pertanggungjawaban

scholarly journals Citizen Participation in Responding to Natural Disasters Through Twitter Messages

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Rizky Pamuji ◽  
Ismiarta Aknuranda ◽  
Fatwa Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Citizen Involvement ◽  
The Government

Citizen participation in collect and distribute information increase the role of the citizen involvement in local issues and increasing the benefits of society for the government and the environment. The contribution of citizens can be useful in helping to deal with environment problems and assist certain parties in meeting data needs, this is commonly referred to as citizen science. In its development, citizen science involvement in providing information began to involve social media as a platform for sharing information. In this study we try to explore citizen science of Indonesia, we conduct case study exploring how citizen in Indonesia used social media such as Twitter in response to one of the country’s worst disaster in 2018 namely Lombok Earthquake. By analyzing these user generate message we may know what the response of Indonesian citizen during event and understand more about citizen science in Indonesia through social media including its role and contribution. The information also may assist local communities in obtaining up-to-date information, providing assistance according to needs of the populace and use to manage and plan disaster relief both during and after the event.

Corporate social responsibility of the mining companies in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Paul Mtasigazya
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

This paper sets out to examine the neglected research area of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the Mining Companies in Tanzania, and was guided by the following specific objectives: 1) to examine tax payment compliance of the mining companies in Tanzania; 2) to explore the extent to which mining companies donate local communities services in Tanzania; 3) to investigate the compliance of environment management Act of 2015; 4) to explore the challenges facing Tanzania in enforcing CSR of the mining companies. A case study design was used and the methods of data collection were interviews and documentary reviews. 74 respondents were selected by the author through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that there is poor practice of CSR due to none compliance of the mining companies on paying tax, environmental pollution in Tighthe river in north Mara, inadequate compensations to the relocated local communities in Tanzania as well as low contribution of mining companies to the National economy that have turned the Country into resource curse. Also, it was noted that some challenges such as weak legal enforcement and lack of government stake in the mining companies resulting into myth of mining companies’ social responsibility in Tanzania. It is therefore concluded that the government should increase its stake in Mining Companies as it is in Botswana and also establish comprehensive legal and regulatory framework for effective and efficient CSR in Mining sector in Tanzania.

scholarly journals The Anti-Politics Machine of Green Energy Development: The Moroccan Solar Project in Ouarzazate and Its Impact on Gendered Local Communities

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryser
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
The Government ◽  
Land Water

The Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (MASEN) established one of the largest solar energy projects in the world through a public–private partnership. It is on communal land previously owned by a Moroccan Amazigh (Berber) clan in the Ghessate rural council area, 10 km away from Ouarzazate. The land for the energy project comprises a surface area of more than 3000 hectares. This large-scale land acquisition has led to the loss of access to common-pool resources (land, water, and plants), which were formerly managed by local common property institutions, due to its enclosure, and the areas themselves. This paper outlines how the framing of the low value of land by national elites, the state administration, MASEN, and the subsequent discourses of development, act as an anti-politics machine to hide the loss of land and land-related common-pool resources, and thus an attack on resilience—we call it in our scientific discipline a process of ‘resilience grabbing’, especially for women. As a form of compensation for the land losses, economic livelihood initiatives have been introduced for local people based on the funds from the sale of the land and revenue from the solar energy project Noor Ouarzazate. The loss of land representing the ‘old’ commons is—in the official discourse—legitimated by what the government and the parastatal company call the development-related ‘fruits of growth’, and should serve as ‘new forms of commons’ to the local communities. The investment therefore acts as a catalyst through which natural resources (land, water, and plants) are institutionally transformed into new monetary resources that local actors are said to be able to access, under specific conditions, to sustain their livelihood. There are, however, pertinent questions of access (i.e., inclusion and exclusion), regulation, and equality of opportunities for meeting the different livelihood conditions previously supported by the ‘old’ commons.

Large-Scale Farming and Land Reform Beneficiaries in South Africa: Lessons From a Case Study in Limpopo Province

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962093746
Author(s):  
Clemence Rusenga
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
African Government ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Government

The South African government intends to improve rural livelihoods through land and agrarian reform. However, in doing so the government is enforcing large-scale production in the land reform projects with little regard for the beneficiaries’ background or capabilities, which are not suited to large-scale production. The article demonstrates how large-scale farming is negatively affecting land beneficiaries’ production by undermining their ability to produce the quality products (and adequate quantities) that satisfy the standards in the increasingly concentrated markets dominated by agribusiness.

From Revanchism to Inclusion: Institutional Forms of Planning and Police in Hyde Park, Chicago

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Stephen Averill Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
The South ◽  
State Planning ◽  
South Side ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Racial Projects ◽  
Planning Institutions

Planning and policing are two critical racial projects in the racial state. Planning scholars’ understanding of the police usually focuses on the police violently removing people from urban space, yet critical criminology literature shows their function to be more diverse. I employ an exploratory case study, centered in the South Side of Chicago, to develop propositions to guide emergent research that centralizes the police within planning. The propositions (1) impel further investigation into how police not only exclude people but also define who belongs and (2) draw attention to how planning institutions can create new forms of police.

Making emergency responders visible: working-class responses to industrial disaster in 19th-century journalism and poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. medhum-2020-011892
Author(s):  
Rosalyn Buckland
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
The Face ◽  
Industrial Disaster

Hidden beneath the ground in coalmines, or behind the walls of factories, injured bodies of workers have too often been overlooked. Using the 1842 Hartley Colliery disaster as a case study, this paper contrasts journalistic neglect with the ways in which working-class poets illuminated responses to large-scale injury. Often the greatest difficulty in industrial disaster was in securing access to trapped victims. Arriving late on the scene, neither journalists nor doctors were able to influence the outcome of events: in most cases emergency treatment was provided by workers themselves. While journalists struggled to portray these men’s stories, working-class poets such as Joseph Skipsey brought attention to their collaborative actions even in the face of injury or death. The actions of these colliers as first responders had a lasting significance, foreshadowing working-class involvement in the wider cultural shift towards collective responsibility for healthcare.

This must be the place: Venues and urban space in underground music scenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schmisek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Aesthetic Judgement ◽  
Music Scenes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Underground Music ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Art subcultures, and music scenes in particular, have featured prominently in academic discourse on gentrification in the neo-liberal city. Although scholarly accounts have done much to clarify the process through which music scenes become implicated and entangled within wider patterns of urban transformation and redevelopment, these studies often leave us with a flattened and undertheorized picture of the scenes themselves. Departing from David Ley’s conception of the ‘cultural field of gentrification’, I sketch out an analytical framework for understanding the heterogenous and contested character of music scenes in the face of urban change, focusing on a case study of the underground music scene in Rome’s Pigneto neighbourhood in 2017. As variegated waves of scene participants drift into new spaces, scenes coalesce into distinct territories, administered by venues and delineated by ‘scene ideologies’ ‐ matrices of ethical and aesthetic values and judgements constituting a collective scene habitus. This complicates any facile conception of artistic communities as either unwitting agents of gentrification or isolated underground enclaves; rather, premised on collective rituals of aesthetic judgement and differentiation, music scenes constitute a continuum of cultural production whose spatial practices both generate and subvert conditions for their eventual appropriation by market forces.

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