Programmatic Coordination in Campaigns

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Philip G. Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Right

This chapter explains the role of the common goal of independence that holds together constituents of the campaign who have diverse motivations for joining the campaign. These types include enthusiasts (true believers in independence), expressionists (activists who revel in the struggle), and pragmatists (who see independence as a means to serve economic and political interests). Campaign leaders must allocate incentives to bring each type into the campaign at the proper stage of campaign development and phase of activation, but still limiting the damage that each type of constituent can impose on a campaign if not matched to the right task or time. This micro-level strategy explains why we observe at the macro-level only weak relationships between specific patterns of identity, grievance, and greed to the rise of national-secession campaigns. And it explains why the authenticity and realism of the campaigns program emerge as key constraints on campaign success at programmatic coordination. This chapter includes a brief analysis of the Eritrean struggle for independence to illustrate the importance of programmatic coordination.

The Right to Healthcare in the Common European Asylum System

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156
Author(s):  
Marco Inglese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
The Right

Abstract This article seeks to ascertain the role of healthcare in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). The article is structured as follows. First, it outlines the international conceptualisation of healthcare in the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the European Social Charter (ESC) before delving into the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Second, focusing on the European Union (EU), it analyses the role of Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter) in order to verify its impact on the development of the CEAS. Third, and in conclusion, it will argue that the identification of the role of healthcare in the CEAS should be understood in light of the Charter’s scope of application. This interpretative approach will be beneficial for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, as well as for the Member States (MSs).

scholarly journals Roles of the Courts in New Zealand in Giving Effect to International Human Rights - with Some History

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J Keith
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Common Law ◽  
General Effect ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Domestic Law

The Right Honourable Sir Kenneth Keith was the fourth speaker at the NZ Institute of International Affairs Seminar. In this article he describes and reflects upon the role of courts and judges in relation to the advancement of human rights, an issue covered in K J Keith (ed) Essays on Human Rights (Sweet and Maxwell, Wellington, 1968). The article is divided into two parts. The first part discusses international lawmakers attempting to protect individual groups of people from 1648 to 1948, including religious minorities and foreign traders, slaves, aboriginal natives, victims of armed conflict, and workers. The second part discusses how from 1945 to 1948, there was a shift in international law to universal protection. The author notes that while treaties are not part of domestic law, they may have a constitutional role, be relevant in determining the common law, give content to the words of a statute, help interpret legislation which is in line with a treaty, help interpret legislation which is designed to give general effect to a treaty (but which is silent on the particular matter), and help interpret and affect the operation of legislation to which the international text has no apparent direct relation. 

Dialogic and Direct Instruction: Two Distinct Models of Mathematics Instruction and the Debate(s) Surrounding Them

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Charles Munter ◽  
Mary Kay Stein ◽  
Margaret S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
State Standards ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Instructional Models ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Background Context

Background/Context Which ideas should be included in the K–12 curriculum, how they are learned, and how they should be taught have been debated for decades in multiple subjects. In this article, we offer mathematics as a case in point of how new standards-related policies may offer an opportunity for reassessment and clarification of such debates. Purpose/Objective Our goal was to specify instructional models associated with terms such as “reform” and “traditional”—which, in this article, we refer to as “dialogic” and “direct”—in terms of perspectives on what it means to know mathematics, how students learn mathematics, and how mathematics should be taught. Research Design In the spirit of “adversarial collaboration,” we hosted a series of semi-structured discussions among nationally recognized experts who hold opposing points of view on mathematics teaching and/or learning. During those discussions, the recent consensus regarding what students should learn—as represented by the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM)—was taken as a common goal, and additional areas of agreement and disagreement were identified and discussed. The goal was not to reach consensus but to invite representatives of different perspectives to clarify and come to agreement on how they disagree. Findings/Results We present two instructional models that were specified and refined over the course of those discussions and describe nine key areas that distinguish the two models: (a) the importance and role of talk; (b) the importance and role of group work; (c) the sequencing of mathematical topics; (d) the nature and ordering of mathematical instructional tasks; (e) the nature, timing, source, and purpose of feedback; (f) the emphasis on creativity (i.e., authoring one's own learning; mathematizing subject matter from reality); (g) the purpose of diagnosing student thinking; (h) the introduction and role of definitions; and (i) the nature and role of representations. Additionally, we elaborate a more nuanced description of the ongoing debate, as it pertains to particular sources of difference in perspective. Conclusions/Recommendations With this article, we hope to advance ongoing debates in two ways: (a) discrediting false assumptions and oversimplified conceptions of the “other side's” arguments (which can obscure both the real differences and real similarities between different models of instruction), and (b) framing the debates in a manner that allows for more thoughtful empirical investigation oriented to understanding learning in the discipline.

18. Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-335
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual’s probability to become politically active.

18. Political participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual's probability to become politically active.

PART II: Ethics, Environment, and Migration: Immigration and the Ethics of Choice

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Distance ◽  
The State ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

This paper begins by developing a language for ethical discourse on immigration and then examining the extent to which choices may be made at the micro-level and at the macro-level. States and individuals are examined as actors who are variously described as making choices or being choiceless. The concepts of cultural distance, reciprocity, the role of the individual and of the state and their interrelationships are evaluated in the perspective of choice. Whether an ethics of immigration can be successfully developed hinges on the degree of choice that individuals and states have or perceive themselves to have. How sad and fraught with trouble is the state of those who yearly emigrate in bodies to America for the means of living…. It is, indeed, piteous that so many unhappy sons of Italy, driven by want to seek another land, should encounter ills greater than those from which they would fly…. When they reach the lands for which they are destined, ignorant as they are of the language and the place, and hired out for daily labor, they fall into the hands of the dishonest, and even into the snares of those powerful men to whom they enslave themselves. (Pope Leo XIII, 1888) You shall not oppress an alien. You well know how it feels to be an alien since you were once aliens yourselves in the land of Egypt. (Ex 23:9)

scholarly journals Impact and role of pulmonary embolism response teams in venous thromboembolism associated with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. jim-2021-001856
Author(s):  
Mateo Porres-Aguilar ◽  
Victor F Tapson ◽  
Belinda N Rivera-Lebron ◽  
Parth M Rali ◽  
David Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prothrombotic State ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Optimal Patient Care ◽  
Response Team ◽  
The Common ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Venous thromboembolism associated with COVID-19, particularly acute pulmonary embolism, may represent a challenging and complex clinical scenario. The benefits of having a multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) can be important during such a pandemic. The aim of PERT in the care of such patients is to provide fast, appropriate, multidisciplinary, team-based approach, with the common goal to tailor the best therapeutic decision making, prioritizing always optimal patient care, especially given lack of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in the setting of COVID-19, which potentially confers a significant prothrombotic state. Herein, we would like to briefly emphasize the importance and potential critical role of PERT in the care of patients in which these two devastating illnesses are present together.

Current Language Maintenance Research in Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Abdelkader M. Alshboul
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
The Way

<p>This paper investigates the methodology utilized in Jordanian language maintenance and shift research on six minorities including Chechens, Armenians, Gypsies, Druze, Circassian, and Kurds. It argues that the methodology has been based on the macro-level analysis that examined the role of a number of sociodemographic factors in the LMLS process. However, this analysis does not offer a complex picture of immigrants’ language use and attitudes. It is suggested in this paper that the micro level analysis should also be employed to illuminate the way language is negotiated and used. </p>

scholarly journals Back to Square One: Revisiting How We Analyse the Right of Access to Environmental Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-485
Author(s):  
Sean Whittaker ◽  
Jonathan Mendel ◽  
Colin T Reid
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access

Abstract The right of access to environmental information has become a key aspect of contemporary efforts to promote environmental governance in the UK. The right is enshrined in international law through the Aarhus Convention which, alongside other legal developments, has influenced how academics analyse the right in the UK. How research into the right has been conducted is significant because it has led to gaps in how we understand the right and undermines environmental protection efforts. This article identifies and critiques the common analytical trends used to analyse the right of access to environmental information in the UK. The article considers two of these trends, examining their negative impact and the role of the Aarhus Convention in creating these trends. The article concludes by discussing the need to critically engage with these knowledge gaps to improve how the right is guaranteed and, ultimately, the implementation of environmental protection efforts.

The cognitive pragmatics of subtitling

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-420
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Xie ◽  
Sheng You ◽  
Xiaoying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Right ◽  
Audience Interpretation

This paper features a critical review of the book Politeness and Audience Response in Chinese-English Subtitling. A brief introduction of the book’s content is given first, followed by a critical appraisal on merits and loopholes in the book. Furthermore, some interdisciplinary amendments — based on House’s (1998) comprehensive politeness theory and Lakoff’s (1987) embodiment concept — are put forward to remedy the loopholes in question. It is argued that covert translation works better in subtitling for it is compatible with different social norms at the micro level and universally explanative politeness maxims at the macro level. Another issue discussed in this paper is the pretextual influence on audience interpretation. Pretextual influence — or embodiment system which we render more pertinent in cognitive interpretation practice — can barely be mitigated in the audience’s interpretation. Given the audience’s potential misunderstanding derived from access to various pretextual experiences, the translator may as well transfer the right implications underneath paralinguistic behaviors to the subtitling in domesticalized terms.

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