The Capacity for Democracy

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-108
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Qualified Candidate

This chapter examines how discourses of capacidad both enabled and constrained Sampedrano desires for democracy. I describe how state agrarian programs trained Sampedranos’ to solicit development projects, navigate the state, and run electoral campaigns, and how, after the transition to democracy, Mayas used discourses of capacidad to legitimate an indigenous right to govern, and eventually took municipal power in the mid 1990s. I describe the developmentalist political vision shared among this coalition, and how in 2003, this coalition splintered, and then lost an election to a less qualified candidate from an authoritarian party, revealing major exclusions in capacidad as a standard for earning rights.

Présence évangélique au Liban, enjeux socio-politiques et culturels d’un engagement multiforme

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Fatiha Kaouès
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Definition Of

Fatiha Kaouès focuses on evangelical activities in Lebanon, where religious communities are the foundation of public order rather than the State and each denomination has its own social and economic network. This raises the question as to the definition of citizenship and the construction of social ties in the context of a strong religious communitarianism and a weak state. This paper considers a few development projects supported by evangelical movements and the various frameworks, limits and challenges of their activities in Lebanon.

Requirements Engineering for Courseware Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 170-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Grützner ◽  
Barbara Paech
Keyword(s):  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Further Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Requirements Specification ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Web

Technology-enabled learning using the Web and the computer and courseware, in particular, is becoming more and more important as an addition, extension, or replacement of traditional further education measures. This chapter introduces the challenges and possible solutions for requirements engineering (RE) in courseware development projects. First the state-of-the-art in courseware requirements engineering is analyzed and confronted with the most important challenges. Then the IntView methodology is described as one solution for these challenges. The main features of IntView RE are: support of all roles from all views on courseware RE; focus on the audience supported by active involvement of audience representatives in all activities; comprehensive analysis of the sociotechnical environment of the audience and the courseware as well as of the courseware learning context; coverage of all software RE activities; and development of an explicit requirements specification documentation.

Empowering SHGs Women through Micro-finance in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-606
Author(s):  
Shalini Aggarwal ◽  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Vikas Garg
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Self Help Groups

Purpose This paper aims to explore the factors for self-help groups (SHGs) women empowerment in the state of Uttar Pradesh using the primary data. Design/methodology/approach The primary data have been collected by a household survey in the four districts of Uttar Pradesh. Factor analysis is used to estimate the odd of improving women empowerment after participating in SHG. Findings Factor analysis extracted four factors which were economic development, improvement in family matters, decision to use public amenities and political empowerment. Also, analysis of variance and t-test was used employing SPSS. The results, therefore, show that education has a significant impact on all the aspects of SHGs people. Practical implications The findings of the study can help policymakers to adopt appropriate policies that integrate empowerment in development projects with women. Social implications The results of this research could encourage more women to participate in SHG activities and development projects. Originality/value This research provides the most updated data from a primary survey in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The Middle East's Democracy Deficit in Comparative Perspective

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 189-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Kamrava
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Norms And Values

AbstractThe Middle East's democracy deficit is a product of the patterns of political and economic development in the region. It is not because the region is predominantly Islamic or is somehow afflicted by purportedly undemocratic cultures. By itself, culture is not an impediment to transition to democracy as it is subject to influences from the larger polity, especially insofar as the economy and the initiatives of the state are concerned. Instead, transition to democracy is determined by the degree of society's autonomy from the state. This autonomy may result from the empowerment of society as a consequence of economic development, or the state elite's devolution of power to social actors and classes, or, more commonly, a combination of both. Assumptions about the inherently undemocratic nature of cultures such as Islamic and Confucian ones are fundamentally invalid. The key to understanding democratic transitions lies instead in the nature of state-society relations rather than the nature of society's norms and values in themselves.

The Occupational Safety and Health System in Poland during the Transition to Democracy and a Market Economy

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Broszkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Krzyskow ◽  
Halina Szejnwald Brown
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War

Since the fall of communism, the occupational health and safety system in Poland, which was extensively developed during the post-war period, has been incrementally adapting to the new social order. The reforms of the 1990s aimed at stimulating active participation by workers and labor unions, increasing the responsibility of employers, reducing the paternalistic role of the state, and strengthening the enforcement branch. The emergent system has many strengths, including a highly branched-out system of regional and local enforcement agencies, competent and self-confident government institutions familiar with the firms under their jurisdiction and adept at balancing competing social objectives; a tradition of cooperation among agencies and employers; and strong advocacy by the government agencies on behalf of workers. The system also exhibits characteristics that may weaken it in the future, such as lack of support from labor unions; low interest among workers; a generally low safety culture; stringent, often unimplementable exposure standards; and lack of “ownership” of the system by social groups other than the state bureaucracy.

BUDGET INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE: PRIORITIES AND TRENDS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Yaroshevych ◽  
◽  
Andriy Yakymiv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
State Management ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Budget System

The article investigates the priorities of budget investment and trends in the distribution of capital expenditures among the budgetary system levels in Ukraine during 2010-2019 period. It has been established that capital expenditures of budgets in Ukraine cannot be equated with capital investments from the budget, since they contain articles that are inconsistent with the classical understanding of investments. But the analysis of their dynamics and structure makes it possible to identify the priorities of budget investment and the distribution of budget investment among the budget system levels. It has been established that since 2015 in Ukraine there has been an increase in the share of capital expenditures of the consolidated budget in the total expenditures of the consolidated budget at the expense of local budgets, which are a consequence of an increase in the local budgets resource base in relation to the decentralization reform. A positive trend of growth in the percentage of capital expenditures fulfillment of both state and local budgets was revealed. Also, since 2015, a change in the ratio of capital expenditures among the levels of the budget system in the direction of the prevalence of local budgets and a change in the structure of capital expenditures of the state and local budgets has been revealed: in the state budget, capital transfers to enterprises that are a form of support for certain sectors of the economy are decreasing, but in local budgets they are growing. Thus, the economic function of the state to support individual sectors of the economy is delegated to local budgets. It also revealed a change in priorities in the structure of financing public investment projects from the state budget of Ukraine during 2019-2020 from social development projects to transport infrastructure development projects (70% of funding). It has been established that capital investments from budgets of all levels are not aimed at multiplying budget investments; therefore, an increase in budget capital expenditures does not guarantee the acceleration of the state economic development. The improvement of the investment activities state management system should be realized in the direction of formation and budgetary financing the investment projects that will contribute to the introduction of new technologies, the creation of new jobs and the investment attractiveness of the country.

A Case Study Of The Environmental Impact Assessment Legislations In Sarawak, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Daniel Tang Kuok Ho
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Demand Fulfillment ◽  
Qualitative Survey

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a planning tool used to identify, predict, evaluate and mitigate the environmental effects of development projects. In Sarawak, EIA is governed by the both the State and the Federal EIA Orders. This leads to ambivalence in determining the legislation under which a prescribed activity demanding an EIA falls. This case study aims to investigate the implications associated with the coexistence of both EIA Orders in the state of Sarawak from the viewpoints of practicing environmental consultants. The case study reviews the EIA legislations governing EIA practices in the State and includes a qualitative survey involving practicing EIA consultants to gather feedback on the implications associated with the EIA practices and recommendations to resolve the problems identified. The study shows that even though a prescribed activity is defined by the EIA legislations, different stages of the prescribed activity eventually become prescribed activities on their own, which demand fulfillment of different EIA legislation. Unclear demarcation of EIA jurisdiction and different requirements on the scope of an EIA particularly for earthworks also contribute to doubts among environmental consultants interviewed. Consultation, involvement and effective communication with environmental protection as priority are crucial to minimize any uncertainty resulted from co-implementation of both the EIA legislations. Future study can look into comparing perceptions on the effectiveness of the State and the Federal EIA legislations. The case study delves into a crucial issue related to EIA practices in Sarawak, Malaysia which has persisted without being formally addressed in any previous studies.  

From state restructuring to urban restructuring: The intermediation of public landownership in urban development projects in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Adisson
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
State Restructuring ◽  
Legal Infrastructure

Many urban development projects (UDPs) in Europe take place on lands belonging to public bodies and administrations, and publicly owned firms. Yet, the literature has failed to explain why a substantial proportion of the remaking of European cities is shaped on public properties, and with what outcomes. My underlying hypothesis is that the redevelopment of such properties depends primarily on the restructuring of the state. Firstly, this paper provides evidence of the relationships between three dynamics of state restructuring and the disposal of public land and real estate properties owned by one sector of the French state, that is, the railways. Secondly, the paper focuses on two UDPs of railway sites, respectively located in Paris and Nantes, in order to disclose the specificity of the redevelopment process associated with public railway properties, due to the socio-legal infrastructure of railway land disposal stemming from these dynamics. The paper demonstrates that (i) state restructuring impels various levels and organisations of the state to redevelop public land and real estate properties; and (ii) the effects of state restructuring can be explained only by analysing the mediating role of the socio-legal infrastructure of these properties, which frames the processes and outcomes of the redevelopment projects. In so doing, the paper offers a specific account of the explanatory factors, processes and outcomes of the relationship between state restructuring and a significant proportion of the restructuring of urban areas in Europe.

Modernising Tibet: Contemporary Discourses and Practices of ‘Modernity’

Inner Asia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
åshild Kolås
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Extensive Coverage

AbstractPilgrimage and the rebuilding of religious sites are immensely popular in contemporary Tibet. The state-controlled media commonly attribute such religious practices to undesirable attitudes of ‘traditionalism’, and claim that the ‘traditional ideas’ of farmers and herders and their ‘poor sense of commodity’ represent major obstacles to economic development. At the same time positive images of ‘modernisation’, represented by state-sponsored development projects and targets for economic growth, are given extensive coverage. This paper investigates discourses and practices of ‘modernisation’ in contemporary Tibet, questioning the alleged conflict between ‘modernity’ and ‘tradition’. Firstly, it discusses some of the competing representations of ‘modernity’ in the mass media, in popular literature, as well as in political discourse. Secondly, it describes ‘modernity’ as it is practised in the display and use of consumer goods by urban Tibetans, and investigates reactions to urban reconstruction and development projects in and near the Tibetan capital of Lhasa.

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