“Really First-Class Men”

Rough Draft ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 69-95
Author(s):  
Amy J. Rutenberg
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
The State ◽  
National Service ◽  
Selective Service ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Military Manpower ◽  
Definition Of

Chapter four focuses on the development of the Selective Service’s decision to channel men into certain occupations and domestic arrangements. Under its policy of manpower channeling, the Selective Service used deferments to bribe men to pursue jobs deemed to be in the national interest and to marry and have children. In granting these deferments, the Selective Service altered its mission – defining itself as a civil defense agency as well as a procurer of military manpower – and the definition of service to the state. Not only did it accept civilian pursuits as national service as it had during the Korean War, but by the late 1950s, it explicitly encouraged certain men to fight communism and fulfill their citizenship obligations by remaining civilians. Through this policy, the Selective Service made social engineering one of its main priorities.

5. Competing states, diverging societies

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Michael J. Seth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Korean War ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Korean People ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Korean Nation

By 1953 almost all Koreans had accepted that they belonged to a single nation united by blood, culture, history, and destiny. However, the end of the Korean War left them divided into two states. ‘Competing states, diverging societies’ explains that each state shared the same goal of creating a prosperous, modern, unified Korean nation-state that would be politically autonomous and internationally respected. The leadership of each saw the division as temporary and themselves and the state they governed as the true representative of the aspirations of the Korean people, and the legitimate successor to the pre-colonial state. While sharing many of the same goals they followed very different paths to reach them and became ever more divergent societies.

scholarly journals Koniec tajnej polityki?

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Nogal
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Justification ◽  
The Public ◽  
Niccolò Machiavelli ◽  
Related Notion ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Form

The modern definition of the state refers to the notion of sovereignty and to the related notion of the national interest, which is accompanied by secret politics. Niccolò Machiavelli was the first thinker to advocate for the primacy of the national interest. He drew inspiration from the classic concept of arcana imperii (secrets of state) and his writings can be used to explain why the concept of the national interest has taken on a modern form and is inextricably linked to the mysterious dimension of politics. Machiavelli pointed out that power is accompanied by enforcement power and indescribable hypocrisy, and actions taken at the state level (lo stato) are unique and require protection. However, we now witness the disappearance of the mysterious dimension of politics. Information leaks, tape recordings, eavesdropping and candid photos cause public debates and lead to numerous political changes. In this situation, the concept of the national interest must be discussed again. The public justification for the national interest and concrete political solutions and goals implemented by the state could reduce citizens’ suspicion, which is fed on further leaks.

Aftermath of Korea

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Paul J. Heer
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Korean War ◽  
State Department ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Communist China ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses how the impact of the Korean War undermined and ultimately destroyed Kennan’s strategic vision for US policy in East Asia. It led to the US militarization of Japan; US security commitments in Korea, Taiwan, Indochina, and the Philippines; and a hardening of US policy toward Communist China—all of which he had opposed. The net result was the application in East Asia of a version of Kennan’s own containment doctrine that he did not support. The final tragic casualty was Davies himself: the chapter describes how McCarthyism and charges of Communist sympathies led unjustly to Davies’s dismissal from the State Department, and the impact this had on Kennan.

Monochrome Movement [Tansaekhwa]

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchapa Cheri Supavatanakul
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
The State ◽  
Art World ◽  
Korean Art ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Park Chung Hee ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

Monochrome painting, otherwise known in Korea as Tansaekwa, was an art movement that emerged after the Korean War, lasting from the late 1960s through to the 1980s. It rose to prominence during an era of strict censorship and rapid industrialization in the 1960s and the 1970s. The policies imposed by South Korea’s then-president Park Chung-hee restricted direct political messages, thus actuating the emergence of hidden themes in abstractions within the limitations administered by the state. The Monochrome movement’s pioneer, Park Seobo (1931--), worked both with abstract artists who were critical of the government and with the National Documentary Paintings Project, producing government-commissioned artworks that advocated nationalism. Through abstraction, Monochrome paintings can raise awareness without being overtly political, and still resonate Korean tradition without submitting to the confines of the artistic establishment of the time. The Monochrome movement responded not only to political censorship, but also to the established standards of the Korean art world, eliminating notions of representation and the distance that sets the image apart from the canvas.

Citizen soldiers: National servicemen in the Korean War

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Grace Huxford
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Korean War ◽  
British Society ◽  
National Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
Citizen Soldiers ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

This chapter examines how citizenship and selfhood were subtly recalibrated through conscription in Cold War Britain and uncovers details of the lives of young national servicemen in Korea. It begins with a discussion of military citizenship in the era of the Korean War, before turning to specific moments in national service life. Starting with recruitment (a recurring feature in most memoirs of national service), it explores the significance of masculinity, age, class and humour for the young men who were sent to Korea during their two years’ service. Together with the previous chapter, it sets out again the importance of experience to the social history of the Korean War in Britain. It considers how opinions on national service further informed the British views of the Korean War and how, like Korea, national service fitted uneasily within the narratives of post-war British society and culture. Like Korea, was national service obligatory, unglamorous and potentially of limited overall purpose?

“To Rub Smooth the Sharp Edges”

Rough Draft ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 22-68
Author(s):  
Amy J. Rutenberg
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Universal Military Training

This chapter contends that members of Congress were reluctant to draft students and fathers during the Korean War because they believed the conflict was just the opening salvo of a much longer Cold War. America was entering an indeterminate period of militarized peace, during which conscription would remain necessary. Therefore, the nation’s economic and domestic future depended on careful and reasoned deliberation over who to draft and who to defer. The draft law that emerged during the Korean War, the Universal Military Training and Service Act of 1951, militarized fatherhood and civilian occupations defined as in the national health, safety, or interest by making them eligible for deferments. Yet, by keeping certain groups of men out of the armed forces in the name of national security, the law broadened the definition of service to the state and limited the reach of the military itself.

The Establishment and the Role of the State–Joint Chiefs of Staff Meeting during the Korean War

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-323
Author(s):  
Kyengho Son
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Korean War ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Chiefs Of Staff ◽  
Limited War ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Korean War

The US government implemented the State–Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) Meeting to look over its politico-military policies and strategies to implement NSC 68/4 during the Korean War. The meeting became a critical organization to conduct the war as a limited war by developing a limited goal and providing strategies for a decision-making apparatus after the removal of General MacArthur from the post of Commander of the United Nations in March 1951. The meeting later provided politico-military directives to the JCS to continue the war in limited terms, supported the armistice negotiation, and contributed to the success of the first year’s agreement.

Burying Sergeant Rice: Racial Justice and Native American Rights in the Truman Era

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEAN J. KOTLOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Korean War ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Des Moines ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Korean War

“A disgrace to the State of Iowa”, moaned the Des Moines Register concerning the events that had transpired at Sioux City's Memorial Park Cemetery. On 28 August 1951, mourners had departed after paying their last respects to Sergeant First Class John Raymond Rice, an eleven-year veteran of the United States Army who had been killed in the Korean War, when cemetery officials halted the burial before the casket had entered the earth. Lots at Memorial Park, it turned out, had clauses in their contracts restricting burial to Caucasians, and Rice was Native American, a member of the Winnebago tribe. The insult enraged many Americans, including President Harry S. Truman, who soon arranged for the soldier's burial in Arlington National Cemetery.

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