In Search of the Ideal Worker

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Status ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Ideal Worker ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter discusses the image of the ideal domestic worker, looking at the point of view of potential employers and domestic employment agencies acting as intermediaries. The ideal worker and the ideal domestic employment arrangement, as communicated by the “help wanted” ads, illustrate all three of this book's main themes: social reproduction, informality, and class relations. Paid domestic work, like other forms of social reproduction, invokes stereotypes about gender roles and involves tasks and qualities that connote femininity. Gendered assumptions about social reproduction are thus embedded in the ads, which nearly always label the desired domestic worker as a woman. Work arrangements are usually informal and escape regulation by labor law. The class relations of contemporary domestic employment are also sometimes visible in the text of the help wanted ads. Some ads refer explicitly to the high status of the employers' family and some indicate status indirectly, for example, mentioning where the family resides—almost always in upper-class or middle-class neighborhoods of Guayaquil, including exclusive gated communities. The class relations of domestic employment, rooted in precapitalist and colonial socioeconomic structures, also appear in references to trato (treatment) of the worker by employers. When employers emphasize trato, personal treatment, rather than pay and benefits, they hearken back to patronage relationships based on personal connections rather than labor laws. Even today, emotion, care, respect, and honor loom large in domestic employment.

Not Just a Mothers’ Problem: The Consequences of Perceived Workplace Flexibility Bias for All Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Trimble O’Connor ◽  
Erin A. Cech
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Workplace Flexibility ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Workplace Cultures ◽  
Ideal Worker Norm ◽  
Ideal Worker ◽  
The Ideal

Flexibility bias and the “ideal worker” norm pose serious disadvantages for working mothers. But, are mothers the only ones harmed by these norms? We argue that these norms can be harmful for all workers, even “ideal” ones—men without caregiving responsibilities who have never used flexible work arrangements. We investigate how working in an environment where workers perceive flexibility bias affects their job attitudes and work-life spillover. Using representative survey data of U.S. workers, we find that perceived flexibility bias reduces job satisfaction and engagement and increases turnover intentions and work-life spillover for all types of workers, even ideal workers. The effects of perceived bias on satisfaction, turnover, and spillover operate beyond experiences with family responsibilities discrimination and having colleagues who are unsupportive of work-life balance. We show that workplace cultures that harbor flexibility bias—and, by extension, that valorize ideal work—may affect the entire workforce in costly ways.

Like Any Other Job?

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Political Effectiveness

This chapter explores some of the challenges that organizers of domestic workers in Ecuador face. Its discussion of domestic worker organizing touches on the three major themes of this book: social reproduction, informal arrangements that render domestic work invisible, and class relations that degrade and dehumanize workers. Workers' engagement in long hours of paid and unpaid social reproduction makes them difficult to reach and organize. Informal arrangements, and lack of political will and political effectiveness to change these arrangements, combine to make the enforcement of existing laws difficult. Moreover, relationships with the left-leaning state, embedded in traditional assumptions about who constitutes the working class—assumptions that leave out women and informal workers—have been fraught. The chapter then shows how domestic workers and their advocates have been organizing, what strategies they have used to demand the rights of these workers, and what the implications of these strategies are for political action and change.

Dust and Dignity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova ◽  
Maximina Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
National Level ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Common ◽  
Work Histories

What makes domestic work a bad job, even after efforts to formalize and improve working conditions? This book examines three reasons for persistent exploitation. First, the tasks of social reproduction are devalued. Second, informal work arrangements escape regulation. And third, unequal class relations are built into this type of employment. The book provides both theoretical discussions about domestic work and concrete ideas for improving women's lives. Drawing on workers' stories of lucha, trabajo, and sacrificio—struggle, work, and sacrifice—the book offers a new take on an old occupation. From the intimate experience of being a body out of place in an employer's home, to the common work histories of Ecuadorian women in different cities, to the possibilities for radical collective action at the national level, the book shows how and why women do this stigmatized and precarious work and how they resist exploitation in the search for dignified employment. From these searing stories of workers' lives, the book identifies patterns in domestic workers' experiences that will be helpful in understanding the situation of workers elsewhere and offers possible solutions for promoting and ensuring workers' rights that have relevance far beyond Ecuador.

Multilingualism and the Ideal of Unity in Diversity in the European Union. Key Concepts and Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Roxana-Maria Nistor-Gâz ◽  
Delia Pop-Flanja
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural And Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
The Ideal

"In a world challenged by cultural diversity, this article aims to look at the great diversity of languages and cultures that coexist within the European Union. Building on the story of the Tower of Babel that explains, from a religious point of view, the cultural and linguistic diversity existing in the European Union, the authors tried to contextualize EU’s motto of “unity in diversity”, interpreted as an ideal involving a lot of effort and sometimes even many conflicts, but one that we should all fight for and strive to maintain. Keywords: linguistic diversity, ethnicity, nation, minority, majority, communication, unity in diversity"

Some Possible Lines of Development in Aircraft Engines

1921 ◽  
Vol 25 (123) ◽  
pp. 130-165
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
The Ideal

In the following paper the writer's aim is to indicate certain possible lines of development and research which his own investigations and preliminary experiments have shown to be at least worthy of serious consideration.If we review the present state of the art we find the position to be substantially as follows :—From a thermodynamic point of view the performance of the modern aero engine has approached so nearly to the ideal obtainable from the cycle on which it operates that there is little scope for improvement.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN JAWA DALAM SERAT WULANG PUTRI: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Atin Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Woman Writer ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Ideal

<p>The Javanese culture has a specific perspective on the ideal figure of women. This perspective is generally manifested in the classical texts, for example, in Serat Wulang Putri Adisara. Written by Nyi Adisara. Serat Wulang Putri contains the teachings for royal daughters in living their life as Javanese women based on Javanese teachings. In this manuscript, the readers can see the women figure portrayed from the perspective of a woman writer. This paper discusses the ideal women’s discourse in Serat Wulang Putri using the approach of critical discourse analysis from van Dijk. The analysis is conducted by considering the text’s microstructure, macrostructure, and cultural context. Through the analysis, we can see the ideal discourse of Javanese women based on Serat Wulang Putri. Furthermore, the text discusses women as figures who must pay attention to their attitudes and behavior, and can control their hearts, minds, and feelings. In this case, the author uses the male point of view to describe the characteristics of ideal Javanese women. Javanese women are also described as a weak figure and must obey what men command or expect from them.</p>

scholarly journals The Criteria of Ideal Man as Seen from Female Gaze in Free!

K ta Kita ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Dita Berlian
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Female Gaze ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Female Audience ◽  
The Ideal

Japanese animations (anime) are worldwide known. They are targeted to various kinds of audience. A drama-sport anime entitled Free! is rarely found as the targeted audience is female audience. Because Free! targets female audience, the definition of the ideal men is defined from the point of view of the female audience. Therefore, the gaze which is used to identify the male protagonists is female gaze. By using the theory of male gaze and traditional male sex role themes, I found that there is a combination of masculinity and femininity in the male protagonists in Free!. The combined characteristics are shown in the physical appearance, personality traits, and roles. The appearance of this type of an ideal man leads to a new concept in Japan which is called bishōnen. Keywords: Anime, ideal man, masculinity, femininity, female gaze, bishōnen.

scholarly journals MAKING THE CONTENTS OF LETTERS IN THE NOTARIS IN ISLAM'S LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Tubus Tubus
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to examine the making of the contents of wills examined from the point of view of Islamic law, in practice the reality in the lives of many people who have not heed the word basmallah as an incantation in the contents of the will for the followers of Islam. In this study using sociological juridical method, where the primary data obtained directly from field research, while secondary data obtained from the literature. The results obtained that the way of making the contents of the will and the absence of public legal awareness is optimal for the making of the contents of wills in accordance with Islamic law. And there are still weaknesses in the Making and Implementation of the contents of the current will, when the testament is oral, namely: The absence of the sacred intention or the noble intention of the collector must not necessarily occur; unsecured rights of the recipient, in the event of any problems of the future heirs of the pewasiat; there is a difficulty of proof in the absence of witnesses, when the will is brought before the Court. Law renewal in the making of the contents of the will in the presence of a notary in the perspective of Islamic law are: the reconstruction of its value, the Ideal Formation of the Will, the testament is done in writing witnessed by two witnesses and before the Notary. Ideal Construction Format of Testament Creation. The testament is written in the presence of two witnesses or in the form of a Deed or a Notary Deed. At the head of the will or the Deed or Notarial deed is included a sentence “Basmallah”.

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