Role of Experimental Research as a Hepatobiliary Surgeon

This study probes the ethics of intrusive technologies for experimental research in tourism, through the lens of collaborative ethnography. Amidst the increasing uptake of technology to assess participant responses, the role of ethics in an experimental setting has received scant attention in tourism and hospitality. While intrusive technologies such as eye tracking, skin sensors and neuroscience headgear become more ubiquitous, the ethical boundaries of using such equipment are increasingly blurred and inconsistently approved. Seeking convergence of ethics concerning intrusive technologies is complicated when framing political spaces, target audiences and management of data obtained. Rather than view the role of intrusive technologies as a dichotomous outcome of ethical or unethical approaches, this paper argues that ethics needs to be contextually embedded with increased collaboration and co-creation in the application preparation and approval process.

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Restorative Design for Heritage Requalification: Selected Roman Works

Future City - Rethinking Sustainability Towards a Regenerative Economy ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 227-244

Author(s):

Luciano Cupelloni

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Public Space ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Common Good ◽

Urban Systems ◽

Technological Design ◽

Transformative Power ◽

The Public ◽

New Perspective

AbstractThe theme is the urban re-qualification, applied in particular to the architectural heritage and the public space. The goal is the ongoing challenge of outlining a new perspective aimed at “common good” and sustainability. The instrument chosen is the “environmental technological design,” understood as a cultural, scientific, and social position, that is, as a position on the role of architecture. The contribution reiterates the urgency of restoring the transformative power of the design mission to the project, too often reduced to a set of technical compilation procedures. In the best cases, a position that is lost in the complication of procedures, in the extension of time, in the waste of economic and human resources. A crisis of the project as “anticipation” of progressive scenarios, precisely in the most acute, ever more serious phase, of the urgency of the reorganization of urban systems, with a view to environmental, social and economic sustainability. Not a recent urgency, today only brought to light, dramatically, by the reality of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Among the solutions, the design experimental research, well beyond the objective of flexibility, up to the notion of “functional indifference,” understood not as shapeless neutrality, but as the maximum functionality of spatial, architectural and urban quality.

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Bilingualism, cognition, and aging

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728914000741 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

JUBIN ABUTALEBI ◽

HARALD CLAHSEN

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Old Age ◽

Experimental Research ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The Public ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Cognition And Aging ◽

The Guardian ◽

Made In

Topics in psycholinguistics and the neurocognition of language rarely attract the attention of journalists or the general public. One topic that has done so, however, is the potential benefits of bilingualism for general cognitive functioning and development, and as a precaution against cognitive decline in old age. Sensational claims have been made in the public domain, mostly by journalists and politicians. Recently (September 4, 2014) The Guardian reported that “learning a foreign language can increase the size of your brain”, and Michael Gove, the UK's previous Education Secretary, noted in an interview with The Guardian (September 30, 2011) that “learning languages makes you smarter”. The present issue of BLC addresses these topics by providing a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and experimental research on the role of bilingualism for cognition in children and adults.

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Role of Embodied Movement in Assessing Creative Behavior in Early Childhood: A Focused Review

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512519868622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (6) ◽

pp. 1058-1083 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emily Frith ◽

Paul D. Loprinzi ◽

Stephanie E. Miller

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Young Children ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Creative Thinking ◽

Creative Potential ◽

Creative Behavior ◽

Physical Interactions ◽

One Year ◽

Interactive Play

The controlled measurement of creative potential in early childhood is imperative for researchers seeking to fully understand the initial emergence and development of creativity. Evidence for original ideation has been demonstrated in infants as young as one year old, through their performance of movement-based, interactive creativity tasks. In this focused review of developmental research, we suggest that embodied movements and interactive play may uniquely facilitate creative thinking in early childhood (i.e., from birth to age six). From this review, we propose that embodied movement reinforces physical interactions that influence cognitions underlying creative behavior. Embodied creativity may supplement traditional creativity measures, as young children may be more inclined to represent their inner thoughts and experiences through movement rather than through language alone. Thus, we explored the importance of embodied creativity as a means of informing current researchers about the development of creativity, and we suggest future experimental research in this area.

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The Role of the Institutional Review Board in Research Involving Human Subjects

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808301701112 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 828-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John A. Bosso

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Institutional Review Board ◽

Institutional Review Boards ◽

Federal Regulations ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Basic Composition ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Policies And Procedures

Concern with the rights and welfare of human experimental research subjects has given rise to the evolution of institutional review boards. This article describes the basic composition and purposes of these boards, as well as the federal regulations by which they are governed. Since many of these regulations are open to interpretation, the policies and procedures of one such board are included to represent an example of how these regulations are interpreted and applied.

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Models Contribution to the Understanding of Sarcoidosis Pathogenesis: “Are There Good Models of Sarcoidosis?”

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valérie Besnard ◽

Florence Jeny

Keyword(s):

Mouse Models ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Therapy Response ◽

3D Models ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Sarcoidosis Patient ◽

Clinical Heterogeneity ◽

Transgenic Mouse Models

Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous, and noninfectious disease of unknown etiology. The clinical heterogeneity of the disease (targeted tissue(s), course of the disease, and therapy response) supports the idea that a multiplicity of trigger antigens may be involved. The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is not yet completely understood, although in recent years, considerable efforts were put to develop novel experimental research models of sarcoidosis. In particular, sarcoidosis patient cells were used within in vitro 3D models to study their characteristics compared to control patients. Likewise, a series of transgenic mouse models were developed to highlight the role of particular signaling pathways in granuloma formation and persistence. The purpose of this review is to put in perspective the contributions of the most recent models in the understanding of sarcoidosis.

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Role of Moral Values in Evaluation of the Use of Nonhuman Animals in Research

Society and Animals ◽

10.1163/15685306-bja10001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Maria Botero ◽

Donna Desforges

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Moral Values ◽

Moral Argument ◽

Community Members ◽

Human Species ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Nonhuman Animals ◽

Moral Arguments ◽

Animal Care

Abstract One requirement for the formation of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is that they include a community member who embodies the values of the general population. This study’s aim is to investigate whether community members use moral arguments when deliberating a case of nonhuman animals used in experimentation. To this end, we tested the responses of community members in a situation similar to those confronting members of IACUC. The participants’ evaluation of the protocol was consistent with the mandates of IACUC. We also found that overall no moral argument played a significant role in their evaluation of a protocol. Only arguments based on loyalty to the human species played a moderate role in the evaluation of using animals in experimental research, in a way similar to using some moral arguments regarding the importance of human welfare to justify the use of animals in experimental research.

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The Nature of Accounting Information Reliability: Inferences from Archival and Experimental Research

Accounting Horizons ◽

10.2308/acch.2006.20.4.399 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 399-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Laureen A. Maines ◽

James M. Wahlen

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Accounting Information ◽

Financial Statement ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Financial Reporting Standards ◽

Information Reliability ◽

Conducting Research

Reliability is an essential characteristic for accounting information to be useful for decision making. Reliability represents the extent to which the information is unbiased, free from error, and representationally faithful (FASB 1980). Despite the central role of reliability, it is a complex and elusive construct of accounting information. Reliability is difficult to specify precisely in accounting standards and practice, and it is difficult to examine directly with research. The primary goal of this paper is to better understand the nature of accounting information reliability by synthesizing archival and experimental research evidence within the context of a framework for accounting information usefulness. Greater understanding of the empirical literature on accounting information reliability should assist standard setters and regulators in establishing financial reporting standards, preparers and auditors in implementing standards, and financial statement users in evaluating accounting information reliability. Finally, greater understanding of reliability should assist academics in conducting research to produce new insights on reliability and in conveying the important role of reliability to students.

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Sheep of the synthetic lines BCP and SCP in practical breeding and experimental research

Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.5392 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 19-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽

Czesława Lipecka ◽

Anna Szymanowska ◽

Andrzej Jankuszew ◽

Krzysztof Patkowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Research ◽

Small Ruminant ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Environmental Determinants ◽

Scientific Experiments ◽

Rearing Conditions ◽

History Of ◽

Sheep Production

The study presented the history of the synthetic sheep lines BCP and SCP and the method by which they were created by the employees of the Department of Small Ruminant Breeding and Agricultural Advisory, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The article additionally describes the role of these animals in sheep production and experimental research. Comprehensive analysis of the effects of breeding work in these populations, together with the results of scientific research using them as subjects, indicates that sheep of the synthetic universal prolific meat lines BCP and SCP are fully suitable for production of meat lambs in both intensive and extensive rearing conditions. Animals of both lines underwent experiments related to the genetic, physiological and environmental determinants of the level of reproductive and meat performance, which showed that these populations are well-suited for scientific experiments. According to the authors, in further selection work on the synthetic BCP and SCP lines greater focus should be placed on the percentage of reared lambs and the conformation of the dorsal part of the torso. They also indicated the need for monitoring of genetic variation due to the risk of increased inbreeding.

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