scholarly journals Pepper root rot resistance and pepper yield are enhanced through biological agent G15 soil amelioration

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11768
Author(s):  
Xuejiang Zhang ◽  
Dazhao Yu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pepper root rot is a serious soil-borne disease that hinders pepper production, and efforts are being made to identify biological agents that can prevent and control pepper root rot. Our group recently discovered and produced a biological agent, named G15, which reduces the diversity and richness of fungi and bacteria when applied to pepper fields. In the soil of the G15-treatment condition, the pathogenic fungus Fusarium was inhibited, while the richness of beneficial bacteria Rhodanobacter was increased. Also, the ammonia nitrogen level was decreased in the G15-treatment soil, and the pH, total carbon, and total potassium levels were increased. Compared to the control condition, pepper yield was increased in the treatment group (by 16,680 kg acre−1). We found that G15 could alter the microbial community structure of the pepper rhizosphere. These changes alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil and, ultimately, improve resistance to pepper root rot and increase pepper yield.

scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis parameters on the yield and properties of biochar from pelletized sunflower husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wystalska ◽  
Krystyna Malińska ◽  
Renata Włodarczyk ◽  
Olga Chajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pyrolysis of biomass residues from agriculture and food processing industry allows production of biochars with diverse physical and chemical properties for a wide range of applications in agriculture and environmental protection. Biochars produced from pelletized sunflower husks through slow pyrolysis in the range of temperatures (480–580°C) showed total carbon of 70.53%–81.96%, total nitrogen of 1.2%, alkaline pH (9.37–10.32), low surface area (0.93–2.91 m2 g-1) and porosity of 13.23–15.43%. Higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in lower biochar yields. With the increase in temperature the content of organic matter, nitrogen, Ca and Mg decreased whereas the increase in temperature resulted in higher contents of total carbon and phosphorus. Produced biochars showed potential for agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Variability in the Physical and Chemical Properties of Retail Potting Media

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Wiberg ◽  
Richard Koenig ◽  
Teresa Cerny-Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Popular press articles report that consumers often experience inconsistent results with retail potting media; however, few reports in the popular or scientific literature have quantified the variability in media properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the variability in physical and chemical properties among different brands of retail potting media and within certain brands. Twenty-four different packages of branded media, and multiple packages of five brands, were acquired from nine regional and national retail chain stores located in the Salt Lake City, Utah, area. Samples were analyzed for five physical and nine chemical properties. The coefficients of variation (cvs) among brands for initial gravimetric water content, bulk density, porosity, water retention, and air space were 85%, 74%, 21%, 59%, and 44%, respectively. The cvs among brands for saturated media (SM) pH, SM extract electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio were 18%, 81%, 132%, 153%, 96%, 78%, 71%, 36%, 45%, and 49%, respectively. Only one of the 24 brands met all published standards for chemical properties of premium media. Thirteen of the brands did not meet standards for NO3-N; 12 did not meet standards for pH; and six did not meet standards for EC. There was more variation in physical and chemical properties among brands than within a brand of media. Label information describing media composition was not consistent with certain physical and chemical properties. No recommendations can be made which would allow consumers to select media that meets published standards. These results indicate better awareness of and/or adherence to standards is needed by the retail media industry to improve product quality and consistency.

scholarly journals Sivas-Kurugöl Su Kalite Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekrem Mutlu ◽  
Tuğba Demir ◽  
Banu Kutlu ◽  
Telat Yanık
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Water Classification ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Town ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Kurugöl Lake; Sivas province Hafik county Kurugöl village located within the boundaries of Sivas province, 54 km, Hafik the town 24 miles away, an area of 8.9 ha altitude of 1362 m, an average depth of 3.4 - 4 m with gypsum plateau on the bottom of the boiling water along with rainfall and snowmelt with the lake is fed naturally. Kurugöl (Hafik - Sivas) waters of Lake of the physical and chemical properties during the year changes occurring determining water quality characteristics to reveal the pollution levels are determined, living life in terms of the availability of the detection, water pollution and control regulations by the lake water classification and fishing activities, compliance with were identified. The inland lake in Kurugöl (SKKY) according to the classification of water resources in accordance with the parameters measured I-III water quality varies from class.

scholarly journals Effects of short-term grazing prohibition on soil physical and chemical properties of meadows in Southwest China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11598
Author(s):  
Guiqing Zhu ◽  
Chaoxiang Yuan ◽  
Hede Gong ◽  
Yanling Peng ◽  
Changjiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subalpine Meadow ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Background Grassland plays an important role in the ecosystem, but overgrazing harms the grassland system in many places. Grazing prohibition is an effective method to restore grassland ecosystems, and it plays a great role in realizing the sustainable development of grassland systems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the influence of regional grazing prohibition on the physical and chemical properties of different grassland systems. Methods In Potatso National Park, Southwest China, we selected experimental plots in the artificial grazing meadow area to study the effects of grazing prohibition on plant and soil indexes in subalpine meadows and swamp meadows. We investigated the biomass and species diversity of grazing prohibition treatment and grazing treatment plots and sampled and tested the soil index. The variation percentage was used to remove the original heterogeneity and yearly variation, allowing us to compare differences in plant index and soil index values between grazing prohibition and grazing treatments. Results Grazing prohibition increased the aboveground biomass, total biomass, total meadow coverage, average height, richness index, Shannon diversity index and evenness index and reduced the belowground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Additionally, grazing prohibition reduced the pH and soil bulk density and increased the soil total carbon, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, soil total phosphorus and soil available phosphorus in the subalpine meadow and swamp meadow. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that both plant indexes and soil indexes were significantly different between grazing and grazing prohibition treatments and between meadow types. Short-term grazing prohibition had a great impact on improving the fertility of meadow soil in the study area. We suggest that long-term and extensive research should be carried out to promote the restoration and sustainable development of regional grassland systems.

scholarly journals Study of physical and chemical properties of iron oxides-containing man-caused raw materials sinter production

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
A. Е. Аnikin ◽  
G. V. Galevsky ◽  
V. V. Rudneva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Size Grade ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Results of studies of physical and chemical properties of rolling scale and dewatered sludge from gas-cleaning system of BOF plant quoted, carried out for estimation of technological advisability of application them in metallization processes. The studies carried out by application of standard methodics of determination of chemical, phase, grain-sized contents and density of fine and powder materials. It was determined, that content of total iron, FeO and Fe2O3oxides, Sulphur and Phosphor in the scale makes figures 73.3, 75.5, 20.9, 0.036 and 0.019 % correspondently, in the sludge – 41.2, 4.7, 53.7, 0.21 and 0.15 % correspondently. The sludge contains also up to 20.9% of CAO and 4.3% of total carbon. Grain-size contents of the scale and the sludge are considerably different: content of size grade +1.0 mm and –0.016 mm is in the scale 63.3% and 0%, in the sludge – 14.8 and 44.5 % correspondently. Real density of the scale is 4.6–4.9 g/sm3. The results obtained confirm a technological advisability of application of fine-grained scale and powdered sludge in metallization processes, including their preliminary briquetting comprising carbonic reduction agent.

scholarly journals Strand thinning of Khadrawi date palm cultivar in relation to yield and fruit quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Moustafa ◽  
N. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
A. Abd El-Hamid ◽  
M. R. El-Sonbaty ◽  
S. K. M. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Background This experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effect of strand thinning treatments by removing 15 and 30% of the total number of strands from the bunch center after 8 weeks from pollination (kimri stage) on productivity and fruit quality of Khadrawi date palm cultivar compared to the control (without thinning). Results The present results indicated that strand thinning by removing 30% of the total number of strands gave the lowest bunch weight and yield per palm compared to thinning 15% and control treatments during the two seasons of study. Also, removing 30% of the total number of strands improved some physical properties, i.e., fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter than control in both seasons. All strand thinning treatments improved some chemical properties such as TSS %, total sugars %, and reducing sugars % than control (without thinning). However, both 15 and 30% strand thinning treatments had no significant effect on nonreducing sugars %, total acidity %, and tannins content in the two studied seasons. Conclusion From the obtained results, it was revealed that application of thinning treatment by removing 15 or 30% of the total number of strands from bunch center improved some physical and chemical properties of Khadrawi date palm fruits although there are no significant differences found between strand thinning at 15% and control during the second season.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Surface Waters in the Różany Strumień Catchment in The Years 1988–2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Monika Okońska ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrewicz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The Różany Strumień catchment located in the north of Poznań is an example of a small anthropogenically-induced catchment. The main aim of this study is to analyse the variability of selected physical and chemical properties of surface waters in the catchment area in the years 1988-2012. It was found that surface waters in the catchment can be classified as hard and very hard, with slightly basic pH. The deterioration of Różany Strumień water quality concerns chemical oxygen demand, conductivity, chlorides, sodium, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations. The authors of the study have noticed a decrease in the amount of phosphates and sulphates in the water. As observed, the hydrogeochemical type of water changed from calcium-hydrogen carbonate-sulphate into calcium-sodium-hydrogen carbonate-sulphate-chloride. Changes in water chemistry are probably a result of anthropogenic impacts, and they can be associated with the transformation of land use in the catchment area, i.e. the ongoing urbanization of the area.

scholarly journals Pecan agroforestry systems improve soil quality by stimulating enzyme activity

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12663
Author(s):  
Zhaocheng Wang ◽  
Mengyu Zhou ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yuhua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Hemerocallis Citrina ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Background Forest and plantation intercropping are efficient agroforestry systems that optimize land use and promote agroforestry around the world. However, diverse agroforestry systems on the same upper-plantation differently affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Methods The treatments for this study included a single cultivation (CK) pecan control and three agroforestry systems (pecan + Paeonia suffruticosa + Hemerocallis citrina, pecan + Paeonia suffruticosa, and pecan + Paeonia lactiflora). Soil samples were categorized according to the sampling depth (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm). Results The results demonstrated that the bulk density (BD) of soil under the pecan agroforestry system (PPH and PPL) was reduced by 16.13% and 7.10%, respectively, and the soil moisture content (MC) and total soil porosity (TPO) increased. Improvements in the physical properties of the soil under the PPS agroforestry system were not obvious when compared with the pecan monoculture. The soil total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), and total carbon (TC) increased significantly, while the soil urease (S-UE), alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP), and 1,4-β-N-acetylglucosamines (S-NAG) enzyme activity also increased significantly, following agroforestry. Overall, the pecan agroforestry system significantly improved the physical properties of the pecan plantation soil, enriched the soil nutrients, and increased the activity of soil enzymes related to TC, TN, and TP cycles.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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