scholarly journals Morphological and molecular analyses of parasitic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala) in Korea: preliminary data for the taxonomy and host ranges of Korean species

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12281
Author(s):  
Jibom Jung ◽  
Ryuta Yoshida ◽  
Damin Lee ◽  
Joong-Ki Park
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Barnacle Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Rhizocephalan Barnacles ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Crustacean Host

Morphological and molecular analyses of Korean rhizocephalan barnacle species were performed to examine their host ranges and taxonomy. Morphological examination and molecular analysis of mtDNA cox1, 16S, and nuclear 18S rRNA sequences revealed nine rhizocephalan species from three genera of the two families, Sacculinidae and Polyascidae. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequences revealed two new species candidates in the genus Parasacculina, and three Sacculina species (S. pilosella, S. pinnotherae, and S. imberbis) were transferred to the genus Parasacculina. Examination of host ranges revealed higher host specificity and lower infestation rates in Korean rhizocephalan species than rhizocephalans from other geographic regions. This is the first report of the taxonomy, species diversity, and host ranges of Korean parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles based on their morphological and molecular analyses. More information from extensive sampling of parasitic barnacles from a wide range of crustacean host species is necessary to fully understand their taxonomy, prevalence on decapod hosts, and phylogenetic relationships among major rhizocephalan taxa.

Biodiversity and host specificity of sponge-associated barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Chen Yu ◽  
Benny K K Chan ◽  
Gregory A Kolbasov ◽  
Monthon Ganmanee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Barnacle Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand

Abstract We examined the diversity and host use of sponge-associated barnacles of Thailand (Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand) using a combined morphological and molecular approach. Eight barnacle species (including two new species) were collected from 12 host sponges. Host-specific barnacle species includes Acasta lappasp. nov., which exclusively inhabits the sponge Mycale sp. Acasta milkaesp. nov. was only collected from the sponge Callyspongia cf. diffusa (Ridley, 1884). Multatria filigranus (Broch, 1916) were found in the encrusting soft sponges Monanchora unguiculata (Dendy, 1922) and Clathria sp. Pyrgospongia stellula (Rosell, 1975) inhabits the sponges Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). Generalist barnacle species includes Euacsta ctenodentia (Rosell, 1972), E. porata (Nilsson-Cantell, 1921), E. zuiho (Hiro, 1936), and Acasta cyathus Darwin, 1854, which inhabit a wide range of sponges with various textures.

scholarly journals Methodology of Protistan Discovery: from rRNA Detection to Quality Scanning Electron Microscope Images

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6856-6863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Stoeck ◽  
William H. Fowle ◽  
Slava S. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protistan Species ◽  
Cell Fixation ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Each year, thousands of new protistan 18S rRNA sequences are detected in environmental samples. Many of these sequences are molecular signatures of new protistan species, classes, and/or kingdoms that have never been seen before. The main goal of this study was to enable visualization of these novel organisms and to conduct quality ultrastructural examination. We achieved this goal by modifying standard procedures for cell fixation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by making these methodologies work in concert. As a result, the same individual cell can now be detected by 18S rRNA-targeted fluorochrome-labeled probes and then viewed by SEM to reveal its diagnostic morphological characteristics. The method was successfully tested on a wide range of protists (alveolates, stramenopiles, kinetoplastids, and cryptomonads). The new methodology thus opens a way for fine microscopy studies of many organisms previously known exclusively by their 18S rRNA sequences.

Abstract 137: Deficiency of Senescence Marker Protein 30 Exacerbates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Miyata ◽  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Tomofumi Misaka ◽  
Shu-ichi Saitoh ◽  
Yasuchika Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Marker Protein ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxidative Effects

Background: Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) was originally identified as an aging marker protein in the rat liver. The expression of SMP30 decreases with aging androgen-independently. Doxorubicin (DOX) has been used as a potent anticancer agent, but serious cardiotoxicity precludes its use in a wide range of patients. SMP30 may have anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis functions in several organs, but functional role of SMP30 has not been rigorously examined in the heart. We hypothesized that SMP30 has cardio-protective function by anti-aging and anti-oxidant effects on DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Method and Results: Male SMP30 knockout (SMP30KO) and age-matched littermate male wild-type (WT) mice at 12-14 weeks of age were given intraperitoneal injections of DOX (20 mg/kg) or saline. Seven days after DOX injection, echocardiography revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction in DOX-treated SMP30KO mice was more severely reduced than in DOX-treated WT mice (40.9 ± 3.1% vs. 46.9 ± 4.9%, P<0.01). Morphological examination of myocardial sections showed fibrotic change in DOX-treated SMP30KO mice significantly increased compared to DOX-treated WT mice (3.2 ± 0.5% vs. 1.3 ± 0.2%, P<0.01). Generation of reactive oxygen species assessed by dihydroethidium staining was greater in DOX-treated SMP30KO mice than DOX-treated WT mice (166.9 ± 8.6% vs. 131.6 ± 5.8%, P<0.01). Moreover, apoptotic signaling pathways such as caspase-3 activity (1.8 ± 0.1% vs. 1.1 ± 0.2%, P<0.01), bax/bcl-2 ratio (2.4 ± 0.3% vs.1.6 ± 0.2%, P<0.05) and phosphorylation activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (1.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1, P<0.05) were significantly elevated in the SMP30KO mice compared with WT mice after DOX injection. The numbers of TUNEL-positive nuclei in the myocardium were higher in DOX-treated SMPKO mice than in DOX-treated WT mice (0.15 ± 0.02% vs. 0.08 ± 0.01%, P<0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is aggravated in SMP30KO mice by exacerbating of superoxide generation, leading to enhanced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. SMP30 has a cardio-protective role by anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals A morphological and molecular characterization of vine mealybug populations (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) from Tunisia

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Mansour ◽  
Vincenzo Cavalieri ◽  
Gaetana Mazzeo ◽  
Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi ◽  
Agatino Russo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Vine Mealybug ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Some vine mealybug, <em>Planococcus ficus </em>(Signoret) populations in Tunisian vineyards have been morphologically and genetically characterized. The morphological examination was based on the main distinctive characteristics of species of <em>Planococcus</em>, namely the number and distribution of the multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts on the adult female. This showed the existence of two different vine mealybug populations in Tunisia. Likewise, in the molecular analyses, two separate clades were revealed in the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, supporting the morphological studies and suggesting that there are two distinct populations of <em>P. ficus</em> on grapevine in Tunisia.

Genetic characterization of Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 that nodulates tree legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. C. George ◽  
J. P. W. Young ◽  
D. Borthakur
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Rhizobium sp. strain TALI 145 nodulates Leucaena ieucocephaia and Phaseolus vulgaris, in addition to a wide range of tropical tree legumes. Six overlapping clones that complemented nodulation defects in leucaena and bean rhizobia were isolated and a 40-kb map of the symbiosis region was constructed. The common nod and nifA genes were situated approximately 17 kb apart, with the nodlJ genes in between. These clones enabled a derivative of TAL1145 carrying a partially deleted pSym to form ineffective nodules on both leucaena and bean, and a similar derivative of Rhizobium etli TAL182 to form ineffective nodules on bean. When two representative clones, pUHR9 and pUHR114, were each transferred to wild-type rhizobial strains, they allowed ineffective nodulation by Rhizobium meliloti on both leucaena and bean and by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae on bean. Transconjugants of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii formed effective nodules on leucaena and ineffective nodules on bean. Tn5 mutagenesis of the symbiosis region resulted in a variety of nodulation and fixation phenotypes on leucaena and bean. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequences, TAL1145 was found to be distinct from both R. tropici and NGR234, the two groups of leucaena symbionts that were previously described.Key words: Rhizobium, Leucaena leucocephala, nodulation, nitrogen fixation.

scholarly journals Fish Allergy Around the World—Precise Diagnosis to Facilitate Patient Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Kalic ◽  
Christian Radauer ◽  
Andreas L. Lopata ◽  
Heimo Breiteneder ◽  
Christine Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Fish Allergy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Geographic Regions

The accurate and precise diagnosis of IgE-mediated fish allergy is one of the biggest challenges in allergy diagnostics. A wide range of fish species that belong to evolutionary distant classes are consumed globally. Moreover, each fish species may contain multiple isoforms of a given allergen that often differ in their allergenicity. Recent studies indicated that the cross-reactivity between different fish species is limited in some cases and depends on the evolutionary conservation of the involved allergens. Fish allergens belong to several protein families with different levels of stability to food processing. Additionally, different preparation methods may contribute to specific sensitization patterns to specific fish species and allergens in different geographic regions. Here, we review the challenges and opportunities for improved diagnostic approaches to fish allergy. Current diagnostic shortcomings include the absence of important region-specific fish species in commercial in vitro and in vivo tests as well as the lack of their standardization as has been recently demonstrated for skin prick test solutions. These diagnostic shortcomings may compromise patients' safety by missing some of the relevant species and yielding false negative test results. In contrast, the avoidance of all fish as a common management approach is usually not necessary as many patients may be only sensitized to specific species and allergens. Although food challenges remain the gold standard, other diagnostic approaches are investigated such as the basophil activation test. In the context of molecular allergy diagnosis, we discuss the usefulness of single allergens and raw and heated fish extracts. Recent developments such as allergen microarrays offer the possibility to simultaneously quantify serum IgE specific to multiple allergens and allergen sources. Such multiplex platforms may be used in the future to design diagnostic allergen panels covering evolutionary distant fish species and allergens relevant for particular geographic regions.

scholarly journals Emergence of Babesia Conradae Infection in Coyote-hunting Greyhounds in Oklahoma, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M Stayton ◽  
Megan Lineberry ◽  
Jennifer Thomas ◽  
Tina Bass ◽  
Kelly Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic Apicomplexan parasites that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts. These pathogens are typically transmitted either by tick vectors or by direct blood-to-blood contact, and may cause life-threatening clinical disease such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure in canine hosts. While Babesia vogeli and Babesia gibsoni infections have both been reported in Oklahoma, reports of B. conradae infections have been limited to California. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from all dogs in four separate kennels in Oklahoma. DNA was extracted from each blood sample and a nested PCR was performed using general Apicomplexan primers for the partial 18S rRNA gene. PCR products were electrophoresed in agarose matrix and appropriately sized amplicons were sequenced. Sequences were compared to reference 18S rRNA sequences available in GenBank, and samples with >98% homology to B. conradae (GenBank MK256976) were considered positive. B. conradae positive dogs were then treated with atovaquone (13.5 mg/kg TID) and azithromycin (10 mg/kg SID) for 10 days and retested at 30 and 60 days post treatment by PCR. Results: Fifteen of 40 dogs tested positive for B. conradae with 98–100% sequence homology to B. conradae from California. All positive cases were coyote-hunting Greyhounds. Treatment of clinically ill dogs with atovaquone and azithromycin resulted in complete clinical recovery in clinically ill dogs and all treated dogs had negative follow-up PCR at 30 and 60 days post treatment. Conclusions: Collectively, this study (i) documents the occurrence of B. conradae in Oklahoma, (ii) highlights this pathogen as a differential to be considered when clinical signs are present, and (iii) supports the use of atovaquone and azithromycin as effective treatment in these cases.

scholarly journals Redescription and phylogenetic analyses of Thaparocleidus gomtius and T. sudhakari (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Wallago attu (Siluriformes: Siluridae) in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Verma ◽  
A. Chaudhary ◽  
H. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Wallago Attu ◽  
Geographical Regions

Summary Two species of Thaparocleidus Jain (1952a) were found harboring W. attu from the Ganga River at two localities, Meerut and Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the period of 2013-2015. Morphology and morphometric study of specimens identified as Thaparocleidus gomtius (Jain, 1952a) Lim, 1996 and T. sudhakari (Gusev, 1976) Lim, 1996. Molecular analyses using the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the validity of T. gomtius and T. sudhakari and demonstrated that both the species clustered with other Thaparocleidus species from different geographical regions. We aim at reassessing the taxonomy and establishing the phylogenetic relationships among these two redescribed species with other representatives of the genus Thaparocleidus.

The family Opilioacaridae (Parasitiformes: Opilioacarida) in Mexico, description of two new species and notes on biology and geographical distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3957 (5) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. MAGDALENA VÁZQUEZ ◽  
HANS KLOMPEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Variable Character

Two new species of Opilioacaridae from Mexico are described, Neocarus chactemalensis sp. nov. and N. comalensis sp. nov., and new records for N. texanus Chamberlin & Mulaik and N. veracruzensis Vazquez & Klompen are presented. Relative positions of internal structures of the ovipositor, a highly variable character, are described based on comparisons of invaginated and evaginated ovipositors. A study of records of Opilioacaridae in Mexico shows that the group is distributed across a wide range of ecosystems and elevations, from dry, semi-desert to wet tropical forest, and coastal plains to the altiplano (>2,000m).

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