scholarly journals The dark cube: dark and light character profiles

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Light Side ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Background.Research addressing distinctions and similarities between people’s malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has detected inconsistent linear associations to temperament traits. Additionally, these dark traits seem to have a common core expressed as uncooperativeness. Hence, some researchers suggest that the dark traits are best represented as one global construct (i.e., the unification argument) rather than as ternary construct (i.e., the uniqueness argument). We put forward the dark cube (cf. Cloninger’s character cube) comprising eight dark profiles that can be used to compare individuals who differ in one dark character trait while holding the other two constant. Our aim was to investigate in which circumstances individuals who are high in each one of the dark character traits differ in Cloninger’s “light” character traits: self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. We also investigated if people’s dark character profiles were associated to their light character profiles.Method.A total of 997 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) responded to the Short Dark Triad and the Short Character Inventory. Participants were allocated to eight different dark profiles and eight light profiles based on their scores in each of the traits and any possible combination of high and low scores. We used three-way interaction regression analyses andt-tests to investigate differences in light character traits between individuals with different dark profiles. As a second step, we compared the individuals’ dark profile with her/his character profile using an exact cell-wise analysis conducted in the ROPstat software (http://www.ropstat.com).Results.Individuals who expressed high levels of Machiavellianism and those who expressed high levels of psychopathy also expressed low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Individuals with high levels of narcissism, in contrast, scored high in self-directedness. Moreover, individuals with a profile low in the dark traits were more likely to end up with a profile high in cooperativeness. The opposite was true for those individuals with a profile high in the dark traits. The rest of the cross-comparisons revealed some of the characteristics of human personality as a non-linear complex dynamic system.Conclusions.Our study suggests that individuals who are high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy share a unified non-agentic and uncooperative character (i.e., irresponsible, low in self-control, unempathetic, unhelpful, untolerant), while individuals high in narcissism have a more unique character configuration expressed as high agency and, when the other dark traits are high, highly spiritual but uncooperative. In other words, based on differences in their associations to the light side of character, the Dark Triad seems to be a dyad rather than a triad.

scholarly journals The dark cube: Dark and light character profiles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Light Side ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Background: Research addressing distinctions and similarities between people’s malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has detected mixed and inconsistent linear associations to temperament traits. On this basis, some researchers suggest that the dark traits are best represented as one global construct (i.e., the unification argument) rather than as ternary construct (i.e., the uniqueness argument). Here we put forward the dark cube (cf. Cloninger’s character cube) comprising eight dark profiles that can be used to compare individuals who differ in one dark character trait while holding the other two constant. Our aim was to investigate in which circumstances individuals who are high in each one of the dark character traits differ in Cloninger’s “light” character dimensions: self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. Additionally, we investigated if the people’s dark character profiles were associated to their light character profiles. Method: A total of 997 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) responded to the Short Dark Triad and the Short Character Inventory. Participants were allocated to eight different dark character profiles and eight light character profiles based on their scores in each of the traits and any possible combination of high and low scores. We used three-way interaction regression analyses and t-tests to investigate differences in Cloninger’s character dimensions between individuals with different dark profiles. As a second step, we compared the individuals’ dark profile with her/his character profile using an exact cell-wise analysis conducted in the ROPstat software ( http://www.ropstat.com ). Results: Individuals who expressed high levels of Machiavellianism and those who expressed high levels of psychopathy also expressed low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Individuals with high levels of narcissism, in contrast, scored high in self-directedness. Moreover, individuals with a profile low in the dark traits were more likely to end up with a profile high in cooperativeness. The opposite was true for those individuals with a profile high in the dark traits. Conclusions: Our study suggests that individuals who are high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy share a unified non-agentic and uncooperative character (i.e., irresponsible, low in self-control, unempathetic, unhelpful, untolerant), while individuals high in narcissism have a more unique character configuration expressed as high in agency and, when the other dark traits are high, highly spiritual but uncooperative. In other words, based on differences in their associations to the light side of character, the Dark Triad seems to be a dyad rather than a triad.

scholarly journals The dark cube: Dark and light character profiles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Patricia Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Light Side ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Background: Research addressing distinctions and similarities between people’s malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has detected mixed and inconsistent linear associations to temperament traits. On this basis, some researchers suggest that the dark traits are best represented as one global construct (i.e., the unification argument) rather than as ternary construct (i.e., the uniqueness argument). Here we put forward the dark cube (cf. Cloninger’s character cube) comprising eight dark profiles that can be used to compare individuals who differ in one dark character trait while holding the other two constant. Our aim was to investigate in which circumstances individuals who are high in each one of the dark character traits differ in Cloninger’s “light” character dimensions: self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. Additionally, we investigated if the people’s dark character profiles were associated to their light character profiles. Method: A total of 997 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) responded to the Short Dark Triad and the Short Character Inventory. Participants were allocated to eight different dark character profiles and eight light character profiles based on their scores in each of the traits and any possible combination of high and low scores. We used three-way interaction regression analyses and t-tests to investigate differences in Cloninger’s character dimensions between individuals with different dark profiles. As a second step, we compared the individuals’ dark profile with her/his character profile using an exact cell-wise analysis conducted in the ROPstat software ( http://www.ropstat.com ). Results: Individuals who expressed high levels of Machiavellianism and those who expressed high levels of psychopathy also expressed low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Individuals with high levels of narcissism, in contrast, scored high in self-directedness. Moreover, individuals with a profile low in the dark traits were more likely to end up with a profile high in cooperativeness. The opposite was true for those individuals with a profile high in the dark traits. Conclusions: Our study suggests that individuals who are high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy share a unified non-agentic and uncooperative character (i.e., irresponsible, low in self-control, unempathetic, unhelpful, untolerant), while individuals high in narcissism have a more unique character configuration expressed as high in agency and, when the other dark traits are high, highly spiritual but uncooperative. In other words, based on differences in their associations to the light side of character, the Dark Triad seems to be a dyad rather than a triad.

scholarly journals The Dark Cube: dark character profiles and OCEAN

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Garcia ◽  
Fernando R. González Moraga
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
The Other ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Ternary Structure

BackgroundThe Big Five traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism: OCEAN) have been suggested to provide a meaningful taxonomy for studying the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Nevertheless, current research consists of mixed and inconsistent associations between the Dark Triad and OCEAN. Here we used the Dark Cube (Garcia & Rosenberg, 2016), a model of malevolent character theoretically based on Cloninger’s biopsychosocial model of personality and in the assumption of a ternary structure of malevolent character. We use the dark cube profiles to investigate differences in OCEAN between individuals who differ in one dark character trait while holding the other two constant (i.e., conditional relationships).MethodParticipants (N = 330) responded to the Short Dark Triad Inventory and the Big Five Inventory and were grouped according to the eight possible combinations using their dark trait scores (M, high Machiavellianism; m, low Machiavellianism; N, high narcissism; n, low narcissism; P, high psychopathy; p, low psychopathy): MNP “maleficent”, MNp “manipulative narcissistic”, MnP “anti-social”, Mnp “Machiavellian”, mNP “psychopathic narcissistic”, mNp “narcissistic”, mnP “psychopathic”, and mnp “benevolent”.ResultsHigh narcissism-high extraversion and high psychopathy-low agreeableness were consistently associated across comparisons. The rest of the comparisons showed a complex interaction. For example, high Machiavellianism-high neuroticism only when both narcissism and psychopathy were low (Mnp vs. mnp), high narcissism-high conscientiousness only when both Machiavellianism and psychopathy were also high (MNP vs. MnP), and high psychopathy-high neuroticism only when Machiavellianism was low and narcissism was high (mNP vs. mNp).ConclusionsWe suggest that the Dark Cube is a useful tool in the investigation of a consistent Dark Triad Theory. This approach suggests that the only clear relationships were narcissism-extraversion and psychopathy-agreeableness and that the malevolent character traits were associated to specific OCEAN traits only under certain conditions. Hence, explaining the mixed and inconsistent linear associations in the Dark Triad literature.

scholarly journals Uncovering the complex genetics of human character

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2295-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Zwir ◽  
Javier Arnedo ◽  
Coral Del-Val ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
Bettina Konte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Complex Genetics ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractHuman personality is 30–60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic–phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.

scholarly journals Examining the association between burnout and temperament and character traits of preschool teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Sibel Yoleri
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Character Inventory

The aim is to investigate the relationships between the temperament and character traits and burnout dimensions among preschool teachers. In total, 130 preschool teachers participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Findings indicate a positive association between emotional exhaustion and persistence. On the other hand, there is a negative significant correlation between emotional exhaustion and self-directedness (SD). Results conclude that there is a positive significant relationship between depersonalisation and SD, and a positive association between personal accomplishment and harm avoidance (HA). Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the predictive effect temperament and character traits displayed on the burnout dimensions. Novelty seeking and reward dependence were significant predictors of the emotional exhaustion burnout dimension. Temperament and character traits are not significantly correlated with depersonalisation. HA temperament and character trait are the predictor factors that have specific effects on personal accomplishment. Keywords: Burnout, preschool education teachers, temperament and character traits.

Belgian Normative Data of the Temperament and Character Inventory* * The original data upon which this paper is based are available at www.hhpub.com/journals/ejpa

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Hansenne ◽  
Olivier Le Bon ◽  
Anne Gauthier ◽  
Marc Ansseau
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Self Transcendence

Summary: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a 226-item self-questionnaire developed to assess the seven dimensions of personality described by Cloninger and his colleagues. Normative data from 322 representative French-speaking subjects from Belgium are presented and the psychometric properties are discussed. Mean scores of temperament dimensions were appreciably different from those published by Cloninger . In our sample, novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores were lower and harm avoidance scores were higher compared to US norms. The other dimensions were almost identical. The factorial analysis showed that the hypothesized factor structure of temperament and character dimensions was almost confirmed. The present study also confirmed that the TCI scales were weakly related among themselves. The relationships were consistent with those reported by previous reports. Gender differences were also found for different dimensions.

Temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile in metamphetamine abusers: a controlled study

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Marek Preiss ◽  
Martin Halíř ◽  
Eva Čermáková ◽  
Ladislav Csémy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractWe applied the temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality questionnaire in 41 inpatients dependent on metamphetamine, and 35 controls. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence were significantly higher, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. The detected differences may be important for prevention and treatment.

Preferred versus Nonpreferred Treatment, and Self-Control Training versus Determination Raising as Treatments of Obesity: A Pilot Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Overweight Women

Of 12 overweight women half received 10 wk. of self-control training and the rest received an equal period aimed at increasing determination to lose weight. Half of each treatment group had expressed a preference for the type of treatment they received and half for the other type of treatment. Both groups lost a statistically significant amount of weight, and at a 3-mo. follow-up there was still a significant weight loss. Follow-up at 6 mo. on 9 of the 12 original subjects indicated both groups regained much of their lost weight. There was no evidence that either type of treatment or receiving one's preferred type of treatment was related to weight loss.

Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms is Related to Self-Directedness Character Trait in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cruz-Fuentes ◽  
Claudia Blas ◽  
Laura Gonzalez ◽  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Humberto Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Character Inventory

ABSTRACT:Objective:The present study examined the psychobiological Temperament and Character model of personality on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, as well as the relation of temperament and/or character dimensions on the severity of obsessive-compubive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-four subjects diagnosed with OCD, were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale and the Hamilton Rating Scales for depression and anxiety.Results:Compared with controls, OCD subjects displayed increased harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness. Low self-directedness and high Hamilton depression scores were associated with increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Conclusions:The Temperament and Character profile of OCD patients characterized in the present stud personality model and can be linked to some of their behavioral features. Furthermore, our data provides support of the influence that some personality traits may have on the severity of OCD symptoms.

Peirce’s legacy for contemporary consciousness studies, the emergence of consciousness from qualia, and its evanescence in habits

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Nöth
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Consciousness Studies ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

Abstract The paper argues that contemporary consciousness studies can profit from Charles S. Peirce’s philosophy of consciousness. It confronts mainstream tendencies in contemporary consciousness studies, including those which consider consciousness as an unsolvable mystery, with Peirce’s phenomenological approach to consciousness. Peirce’s answers to the following contemporary issues are presented: phenomenological consciousness and the qualia, consciousness as self-controlled agency of humans, self-control and self-reflection, consciousness and language, self-consciousness and introspection, consciousness and the other, consciousness of nonhuman animals, and the question of a quasi-consciousness of the physical universe. A detailed account of Peirce’s three modes of consciousness is presented: (1) primisense, qualisense or feeling-consciousness, (2) altersense (consciousness of the other), and (3) medisense, the consciousness of cognition, thought, and reasoning. In contrast to consciousness studies that establish a rather sharp dividing line between conscious and unconscious states of mind, Peirce adopts the principle of synechism, the theory of continuity. For him, consciousness is a matter of degree. An important difference between Peirce’s concept of qualia and current theories of qualia in human consciousness is discussed. The paper shows how consciousness, according to Peirce, emerges from unconscious qualia and vanishes into equally unconscious habits. It concludes with a study of the roles of qualia, habit, and self-control in Peirce’s theory of signs, in particular in qualisigns and symbols, and the question of signs as quasi-conscious agents in semiosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document